Method and apparatus for smart battery charging including a plurality of controllers each monitoring input variables

• US 8,558,511 B2
• Filed: 04/07/2009
• Issued: 10/15/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 04/07/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Original Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Inventors: Hammerstrom, Donald J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Fantu, Yalkew
• Assistant Examiner(s): HERNANDEZ, MANUEL J
• Application Number:
  US12/384,766
• Publication Number:
  US 20100253290A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,652 Days
• Field of Search: 320/137, 320/DIG.11, 320/DIG.12, 320/147
• US Class Current: 320/137
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/305 Communication interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

A method for managing the charging and discharging of batteries wherein at least one battery is connected to a battery charger, the battery charger is connected to a power supply. A plurality of controllers in communication with one and another are provided, each of the controllers monitoring a subset of input variables. A set of charging constraints may then generated for each controller as a function of the subset of input variables. A set of objectives for each controller may also be generated. A preferred charge rate for each controller is generated as a function of either the set of objectives, the charging constraints, or both, using an algorithm that accounts for each of the preferred charge rates for each of the controllers and/or that does not violate any of the charging constraints. A current flow between the battery and the battery charger is then provided at the actual charge rate.

Claims

1. A method for managing charging and discharging of a battery comprising the steps of:

a. connecting said battery to a battery charger,

b. connecting the battery charger to a power supply,

c. providing a plurality of controllers in communication with one and another, each of said controllers monitoring input variables, and an input variable monitored by one of the controllers is indicative of a condition of electrical power of the power supply and an input variable monitored by another of the controllers is rate of change of measured battery pressure,

d. generating a set of charging constraints for each controller as a function of the input variables monitored by that controller and wherein the set of charging constraints for the another of the controllers includes the rate of change of measured battery pressure,

e. defining an actual charge rate falling within all of the sets of charging constraints generated for the plurality of controllers including limiting the actual charge rate using the rate of change of measured battery pressure,

f. providing a current flow between said battery and said battery charger at the actual charge rate.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing the communication between the plurality of controllers through a shared electrical signal, a magnitude of the signal capable of being limited by each controller'"'"'s charging constraints, and the magnitude of the signal representing the actual charge rate.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the defining the actual charge rate comprises:

a. monitoring the actual charge rate over time,

b. inferring the charging constraints generated for other controllers providing inferred information, and

c. using the inferred information to generate the actual charge rate.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of controllers are provided as residing at the battery, at the battery charger, at a battery management module, at a user interface, at the power supply, and at a location upstream electrically from the power supply.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the input variable monitored by the one of said controllers is indicative of a relationship of supply and demand of the electrical power of the power supply, and wherein the providing a current flow comprises providing using the relationship of supply and demand of the electrical power of the power supply.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the input variable monitored by the one of said controllers is a relationship of supply and demand of the electrical power of the power supply, and wherein the providing a current flow comprises providing electrical energy from said battery, via said battery charger, to the power supply which is an electrical distribution grid.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the input variable monitored by the one of said controllers is frequency of the electrical power of the power supply which is an electrical distribution grid.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the defining comprises defining using a controller of the battery charger, and further comprising communicating the sets of charging constraints generated for the others of the controllers to the controller of the battery charger.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the providing a current flow comprises providing electrical energy from said power supply to said battery, and further comprising:

defining another actual charge rate falling within all of the sets of charging constraints generated for each of said controllers, and

providing electrical energy from said battery to said power supply at the another actual charge rate.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein each of the controllers generates its own respective set of charging constraints.

11. A method for managing charging and discharging of a battery comprising the steps of:

a. connecting said battery to a battery charger,

b. connecting the battery charger to a power supply,

c. providing a plurality of controllers in communication with one and another, each of said controllers monitoring a subset of input variables, wherein an input variable monitored by one of the controllers is rate of change of measured battery pressure,

d. identifying a set of objectives for each controller,

e. generating a preferred charge rate for each controller as a function of the set of objectives and the subset of input variables monitored by each controller, and wherein the generating the preferred charge rate for the one of the controllers comprises generating using the rate of change of measured battery pressure,

f. defining an actual charge rate using the preferred charge rates which were generated for the plurality of controllers including limiting the actual charge rate using the rate of change of measured battery pressure,

g. providing electrical energy from said battery to the power supply at the actual charge rate.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of monitoring includes at least one input variable from a condition of electrical power received from the power supply selected from a group including electrical frequency, variability of the electrical frequency, rate of change of the electrical frequency, electrical voltage potential, variability of the electrical voltage potential, and rate of change of the electrical voltage potential.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the plurality of controllers are provided as residing at the battery, at the battery charger, at a battery management module, at a user interface, at the power supply, and at a location upstream electrically from the power supply.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein the providing electrical energy comprises providing electrical energy to said power supply which is an electrical distribution grid.

15. The method of claim 11 wherein the defining comprises defining using a controller of the battery charger, and further comprising communicating the preferred charge rates which were generated for the others of the controllers to the controller of the battery charger.

16. The method of claim 11 wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring a relationship of supply and demand of electrical power of the power supply, and wherein the providing electrical energy comprises providing electrical energy from said battery to said power supply at the actual charge rate using the relationship of supply and demand of electrical power of the power supply which is an electrical distribution grid.

17. The method of claim 11 wherein the monitoring comprises monitoring frequency of electrical power upon the power supply, and wherein the providing electrical energy comprises providing electrical energy from said battery to the power supply at the actual charge rate as a result of the monitoring frequency of electrical power upon the power supply.

18. The method of claim 11 wherein the defining the actual charge rate comprises defining using an algorithm that accounts for each of the preferred charge rates.

19. The method of claim 11 wherein each of the controllers generates its own respective preferred charge rate.

20. A method for managing charging and discharging of a battery comprising the steps of:

a. connecting said battery to a battery charger,

b. connecting the battery charger to a power supply which is an electrical distribution grid,

c. providing a plurality of controllers in communication with one and another, each of said controllers monitoring a subset of input variables, and an input variable monitored by one of the controllers is frequency of electrical power of the electrical distribution grid and an input variable monitored by another of the controllers is rate of change of measured battery pressure,

d. generating a set of charging constraints for each controller as a function of the subset of input variables and wherein the set of charging constraints for the another of the controllers includes the rate of change of measured battery pressure,

e. identifying a set of objectives for each controller,

f. generating a preferred charge rate for each controller as a function of the set of objectives and the monitored input variables, and wherein the generating the preferred charge rate for the another of the controllers comprises generating using the rate of change of measured battery pressure,

g. defining an actual charge rate using the preferred charge rates for the plurality of controllers and that does not violate any of the charging constraints including limiting the actual charge rate using the rate of change of measured battery pressure,

h. at one moment in time, providing a current flow from said battery charger to said battery at the actual charge rate, and

i. at another moment in time, discharging electrical energy from said battery to said electrical distribution grid as a result of the monitoring of the frequency by the one of the controllers.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the generating the preferred charge rate of the one of the controllers comprises:

a. monitoring the actual charge rate over time,

b. inferring the charging constraints and preferred charge rates generated for other controllers providing inferred information, and

c. using the inferred information to generate the preferred charge rate of the one of the controllers.