Reservoir systems including flow directional devices, heat transfer systems including reservoir systems and related methods

• US 8,567,486 B1
• Filed: 03/22/2007
• Issued: 10/29/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 03/22/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Alliant Techsystems Incorporated (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Wolf, David A. Sr.
• Primary Examiner(s): CIRIC, LJILJANA V
• Application Number:
  US11/690,110
• Time in Patent Office: 2,413 Days
• Field of Search: 165/104.22, 165/272, 165/273, 165/274, 62/492, 62/81, 62/85
• US Class Current: 165/274
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/0266 with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers F28D15/043 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/043 forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/06 Control arrangements therefor

Abstract

A heat transfer system includes a primary evaporator, a condenser to the primary evaporator by a liquid line and a vapor line, a secondary evaporator connected to the primary evaporator through a sweepage line, and a reservoir system. The reservoir system includes a reservoir, a first flow directional device that restricts fluid from flowing into the reservoir from the primary evaporator, and a second flow directional device that restricts fluid from flowing out of the reservoir through at least one output of the reservoir.

Claims

1. A heat transfer system comprising:

a primary evaporator having a liquid inlet port, a vapor outlet port, and a fluid outlet port;

a condenser coupled to the primary evaporator by a liquid line coupled to the liquid inlet port of the primary evaporator and a vapor line coupled to the vapor outlet port of the primary evaporator;

a secondary evaporator connected to the primary evaporator through a sweepage line; and

a reservoir system comprising;

a reservoir coupled to the fluid outlet port of the primary evaporator through a sweepage line and positioned between the primary evaporator and the secondary evaporator, wherein the secondary evaporator is positioned between the reservoir and the condenser;

a first flow directional device positioned between the fluid outlet port of the primary evaporator and the reservoir for restricting fluid flow such that fluid flows into the reservoir from the primary evaporator; and

a second flow directional device coupled to a liquid outlet port of the reservoir for restricting fluid flow such that fluid flows out of the reservoir through the liquid outlet port of the reservoir.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first flow directional device includes a first valve and the second flow directional device includes a second valve.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein one or more of the first valve and the second valve are one-way check valves.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein one or more of the first valve and the second valve are gate valves.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more of the first and second flow directional devices are external to a body of the reservoir.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more of the first and second flow directional devices are internal to a body of the reservoir.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the primary evaporator further comprises a liquid channel coupled to the fluid outlet port of the primary evaporator.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the fluid outlet port of the primary evaporator includes:

a first outlet configured to remove at least vapor from the primary evaporator, and

a second outlet configured to remove fluid from the primary evaporator.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein a capillary barrier separates the first outlet of the fluid output port of the primary evaporator from the second outlet of the fluid output port of the primary evaporator.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the capillary barrier is a wick or a screen.

11. The system of claim 7, further comprising a second primary evaporator, wherein the second primary evaporator includes a liquid inlet, and the liquid inlet of the second primary evaporator is coupled to the fluid outlet port of the primary evaporator through another sweepage line.

12. The system of claim 7, further comprising a second primary evaporator, wherein the second primary evaporator includes a liquid inlet, and the liquid inlet of the second primary evaporator is coupled to the liquid line.

13. The system of claim 1, further comprising a mechanical pump coupled to an output of the condenser and to the liquid inlet port of the primary evaporator, the mechanical pump being configured to receive excess fluid from the condenser and to provide excess fluid to the primary evaporator.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the mechanical pump is positioned in series with the liquid line.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the mechanical pump is positioned between the condenser and the reservoir system.

16. The system of claim 13, further comprising:

a bypass line configured to direct fluid around the mechanical pump, the bypass line including a first side, a second side, and a bypass device, wherein;

the first side is coupled upstream of a fluid entrance of the mechanical pump,

the second side is coupled downstream of a fluid exit of the mechanical pump, and

the bypass device is configured to control fluid flow through the bypass line.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the bypass device includes a switch.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the switch is a check valve.

19. The system of claim 17, wherein the switch is an active valve.

20. The system of claim 1, further comprising a power source configured to apply power to the secondary evaporator such that excess fluid is provided to the primary evaporator.

21. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first flow directional device and the second flow directional device comprises:

an open/close valve; and

a feedback system coupled to the open/close valve to control operation of the open/close valve.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the feedback system comprises:

a sensing system coupled to the at least one of the first flow directional device and the second flow directional device for sensing characteristics associated with fluid flow through the at least one of the first flow directional device and the second flow directional device, and for producing a signal representative of the characteristics; and

an actuator configured to operate the open/close valve in response to the signal from the sensing system.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein the open/close valve includes a gate valve.

24. The system of claim 22, wherein:

the sensing system senses a pressure difference of the fluid at the at least one of the first flow directional device and the second flow directional device, and

the actuator operates in response to the signal indicating that the sensed pressure difference is greater than a predetermined value.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein the sensing system includes a first sensor coupled to the first flow directional device and a second sensor coupled to the second flow directional device.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein one or more of the first and second sensors are temperature sensors.

27. The system of claim 1, wherein the secondary evaporator of the reservoir system is fluidly coupled to the reservoir through another liquid outlet port, the secondary evaporator for flowing fluid from the reservoir to the vapor line.

28. The system of claim 1, wherein the first flow directional device is inside a body of the reservoir.

29. The system of claim 1, wherein the second flow directional device is inside a body of the reservoir.

30. The system of claim 1, wherein the first flow directional device is outside a body of the reservoir.

31. The system of claim 1, wherein the second flow directional device is outside a body of the reservoir.

32. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second flow directional devices are one-way check valves.

33. A method for heat transfer comprising:

providing a heat transfer system comprising;

a primary evaporator having a liquid inlet port, a vapor outlet port, and a fluid outlet port;

a condenser coupled to the primary evaporator by a liquid line coupled to the liquid inlet port of the primary evaporator and a vapor line coupled to the vapor outlet port of the primary evaporator;

a secondary evaporator connected to the primary evaporator through a sweepage line; and

a reservoir system comprising;

a reservoir coupled to the fluid outlet port of the primary evaporator through a sweepage line and positioned between the primary evaporator and the secondary evaporator, wherein the secondary evaporator is positioned between the reservoir and the condenser;

a first flow directional device positioned between the fluid outlet port of the primary evaporator and the reservoir for restricting fluid flow such that fluid flows into the reservoir from the primary evaporator; and

a second flow directional device coupled to a liquid outlet port of the reservoir for restricting fluid flow such that fluid flows out of the reservoir through the liquid outlet port of the reservoir;

sweeping fluid from the primary evaporator to a first port of the reservoir;

limiting fluid from flowing into the primary evaporator from the reservoir through the first port;

discharging liquid from the liquid outlet port of the reservoir; and

limiting liquid flowing into the reservoir through at least the liquid outlet port of the reservoir.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein sweeping fluid from the primary evaporator includes sweeping one or more of vapor and non-condensable gas bubbles from the primary evaporator.

35. The method of claim 33, wherein the first flow directional device comprises a check valve, and wherein limiting fluid from flowing into the primary evaporator from the reservoir through the first port includes flowing fluid through the check valve positioned outside a body of the reservoir and coupled to the first port of the reservoir.

36. The method of claim 33, wherein the second flow directional device comprises a check valve, and wherein limiting liquid flow flowing into the reservoir through at least the liquid outlet port includes flowing fluid through the check valve positioned outside a body of the reservoir and coupled to the liquid outlet port of the reservoir.

37. The method of claim 33, wherein the first flow directional device comprises a check valve, and wherein limiting fluid from flowing into the primary evaporator from the reservoir through the first port includes flowing fluid through the check valve positioned inside a body of the reservoir and coupled to the first port of the reservoir.

38. The method of claim 33, wherein the second flow directional device comprises a check valve, and wherein limiting liquid flowing into the reservoir through at least the liquid outlet port includes flowing fluid through the check valve positioned inside a body of the reservoir and coupled to the liquid outlet port of the reservoir.

39. The method of claim 33, further comprising:

supplying liquid from the condenser to the liquid inlet portion of the primary evaporator;

discharging vapor from the vapor outlet port of the primary evaporator to the vapor line connected to the condenser;

heating the secondary evaporator fluidly coupled to the reservoir such that liquid is swept from the fluid outlet port of the primary evaporator to the first port of the reservoir; and

discharging vapor from the secondary evaporator into the vapor line.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein the fluid is swept from the fluid outlet port of the primary evaporator by a mechanical pump.

41. The method of claim 33, wherein the fluid is swept from the condenser to the primary evaporator by a mechanical pump.