Method, apparatus, and system to remotely acquire information from volumes in a snowpack
First Claim
1. A method for remotely acquiring information from volumes in a snowpack comprising:
- transmitting electromagnetic energy to a snowpack from a remote location at a shallow grazing angle;
receiving electromagnetic reflections from said snowpack; and
processing data about said electromagnetic reflections with an electronic computer processor to determine reflection values for different volumes within said snowpack.
1 Assignment
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
A method, apparatus, and system to remotely acquire information from volumes in a snowpack and to analyze the information are disclosed. Electromagnetic energy is transmitted remotely to a region of interest in a snowpack and data about reflections are processed to determine reflection values for different volumes within the snowpack. The frequency of the transmit signal is modulated and the positions from which energy is transmitted and received are changed to create a two-dimensional synthetic aperture that allows reflections from three-dimensional volumes to be discriminated and resolved. The electromagnetic energy is transmitted to ensure that it arrives at the snowpack at shallow grazing angles to maximize returns from volumes in the snow and to minimize boundary reflections from the ground.
70 Citations
20 Claims
-
1. A method for remotely acquiring information from volumes in a snowpack comprising:
-
transmitting electromagnetic energy to a snowpack from a remote location at a shallow grazing angle; receiving electromagnetic reflections from said snowpack; and processing data about said electromagnetic reflections with an electronic computer processor to determine reflection values for different volumes within said snowpack. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
-
-
16. An apparatus for remotely acquiring information from a snowpack comprising:
-
a signal conditioning module modulating electromagnetic energy across various frequencies within at least one bandwidth sufficiently large to resolve different volumes within said snowpack with respect to a first axis, defined by a direction of propagation directed along a shallow grazing angle relative to the snowpack, and with sufficient power to transmit said electromagnetic energy to a remote area of interest in a snowpack and to produce detectible reflections; an antenna system electrically coupled to said signal conditioning module, wherein said antenna system transmits said electromagnetic energy, to arrive at a shallow grazing angle relative to the snowpack, and receives said reflections from said snowpack; a memory coupled to said signal conditioning module, wherein said memory stores data about values for said reflections generated by said signal conditioning module; and a processor communicatively coupled to said memory, wherein said processor determines reflection values for different volumes within said snowpack. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18)
-
-
19. A system for remotely retrieving information from a snowpack comprising:
-
a signal conditioning module modulating electromagnetic energy across various frequencies within at least one bandwidth sufficiently large to resolve different volumes within said snowpack with respect to a first axis, defined by a direction of propagation directed along a shallow grazing angle relative to the snowpack, and with sufficient power to transmit said electromagnetic energy to a remote area of interest in a snowpack and to produce detectible reflections; an antenna system electrically coupled to said signal conditioning module transmitting said electromagnetic energy, to arrive at the shallow grazing angle relative to the snowpack, and receiving said reflections from said snowpack; infrastructure for translating said antenna system substantially orthogonal to said first axis, wherein said infrastructure translates said antenna system to occupy different positions with respect to a second axis and with respect to a third axis substantially orthogonal to said first axis and substantially orthogonal to one another over an area sufficient to resolve different volumes within said snowpack, and wherein said infrastructure maintains an orientation of said antenna system relative to said area of interest to ensure that electromagnetic energy incident upon said snowpack arrives at a grazing angle sufficiently shallow to maximize returns from volume scattering in volumes of said snowpack compared to reflections from a boundary between said snowpack and ground underneath; a memory coupled to said signal conditioning module storing reflection data indexed to reflection frequencies and positions of said antenna system at which reflections are received; and a processor communicatively coupled to said memory determining reflection values for different volumes within said snowpack. - View Dependent Claims (20)
-
Specification