Data sharing method for recursive DNS servers

• US 8,583,806 B2
• Filed: 02/05/2013
• Issued: 11/12/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 02/06/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Akamai Technologies, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Xerocole Incorporated (Akamai Technologies, Inc.)
• Inventors: Fleischman, Robert M., Waters, William Thomas, Wyatt, Robert Alton
• Primary Examiner(s): Zong, Ruolei
• Application Number:
  US13/759,191
• Publication Number:
  US 20130204978A1
• Time in Patent Office: 280 Days
• Field of Search: 709/227, 709220-222, 709223-226, 709/238, 709/239, 709/245, 709217-219
• US Class Current: 709/227
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/4511 using domain name system [DNS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/4552 Lookup mechanisms between a plurality of directories; Synchronisation of directories, e.g. metadirectories

Abstract

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and apparatus for sharing DNS answers between DNS server systems within a DNS cluster, between proxy servers, and/or between DNS server systems of different DNS clusters. When a DNS answer is obtained by a DNS server system, the answer can be shared with peer DNS server systems within a same DNS cluster or with DNS server systems having a logical relation to the first DNS server system (e.g., geographic relationship), but being in different DNS clusters. Proxy servers may also mediate communication between a client and the DNS clusters. These proxies can also include the ability to share DNS answers between each other.

Claims

1. A method for responding to a client DNS query comprising:

receiving a DNS query from a client at a first DNS server system;

obtaining a DNS answer to the DNS query;

storing the DNS answer in a first local cache of the first DNS server system;

selecting a subset of DNS answers on the first local cache to be shared with a second DNS server system, wherein the subset includes at least the DNS answer to the DNS query, wherein the selecting is based on one or more of the following;

a TTL value of the DNS answer, a popularity of the DNS query, an amount of time or processing resources used to process the DNS query;

sharing the subset of DNS answers with the second DNS server system;

storing the subset of DNS answers on a second local cache of the second DNS server system; and

returning the DNS answer to the client.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the DNS answer includes an IP address.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the DNS answer includes state information.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining includes:

passing the DNS query to at least one remote DNS server system; and

receiving the DNS answer to the DNS query from the at least one remote DNS server system.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second DNS server systems are part of a DNS cluster.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first DNS server system is part of a first DNS cluster and the second DNS server system is part of a second DNS cluster.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second DNS server systems are geographically or logically related.

8. A DNS server cluster comprising:

a first peer DNS server system having a first local cache;

a second peer DNS server system that;

receives a DNS query from a client;

checks a second local cache of the second peer DNS server system for a DNS answer to the DNS query; and

not finding the DNS answer,

passes the DNS query to at least one remote DNS server system;

receives the DNS answer from the remote DNS server system;

passes the DNS answer to the client in response to the DNS query;

stores the DNS answer in the second local cache of the second peer DNS server system;

selects a subset of DNS answers in the second local cache of the second peer DNS server system to be shared with the first peer DNS server system, wherein the subset includes at least the DNS answer, and wherein the selecting is based on one or more of the following;

a TTL value of the DNS answer, a popularity of the DNS query, an amount of time or processing resources used to process the DNS query; and

shares the subset of DNS answers with the first peer DNS server system, wherein the subset is stored on the first local cache of the first peer DNS server system.

9. The DNS server cluster of claim 8, wherein the second peer DNS server system comprises:

a query processing module that;

receives the DNS query from the client;

passes the DNS query to the remote DNS server system;

receives the DNS answer from the remote DNS server system;

passes the DNS answer to the client in response to the DNS query; and

a transmission module that shares the subset of DNS answers with the first peer DNS server system.

10. The DNS server cluster of claim 8, wherein the first peer DNS server system includes a receiving module that receives the subset of DNS answers shared by the second peer DNS server system and stores the subset of DNS answers on the first local cache of the first peer DNS server system.

11. A sharing module of a first DNS server system comprising:

a query processing module that;

receives a first DNS query for a first DNS answer from a first client;

passes the first DNS query to a remote DNS server system;

receives the first DNS answer from the remote DNS server system;

returns the first DNS answer to the first client in response to the first DNS query;

stores the first DNS answer in a first local cache of the first DNS server system; and

a transmission module that shares the first DNS answer with at least a second DNS server system as long as the first DNS answer matches one or more of the following;

a TTL value of the DNS answer, a popularity of the DNS query, an amount of time or processing resources used to process the DNS query; and

a receiving module that;

receives a second DNS answer from a third DNS server system; and

stores the second DNS answer in the first local cache of the first

DNS server system.

12. The sharing module of claim 11, wherein the query processing module:

receives a second DNS query for the second DNS answer from a second client;

checks the first local cache for the second DNS answer; and

finding the second DNS answer in the first local cache,

returns the second DNS answer to the second client in response to the second DNS query.

13. The sharing module of claim 11, wherein the sharing module further includes a receiving module that:

receives a second DNS answer from the second DNS server system; and

stores the second DNS answer in the first local cache of the first DNS server system.

14. The sharing module of claim 11, wherein the second DNS server system is a peer DNS server system.

15. The sharing module of claim 11, wherein the second DNS server system is logically related to the first DNS server system.

16. The sharing module of claim 15, wherein the second DNS server system is geographically related to the first DNS server system.

17. A sharing module of a first proxy server comprising:

a query processing module that;

receives a first DNS query for a first DNS answer from a first client;

directs the first DNS query to a first of a plurality of DNS server systems in a DNS cluster;

receives the first DNS answer from the first of the plurality of DNS server systems;

stores the first DNS answer in a first local cache of the first proxy server;

selects a subset of DNS answers on the first local cache to be shared with a second proxy server, wherein the subset includes at least the first DNS answer, wherein the selecting is based on one or more of the following;

a TTL value of the DNS answer, a popularity of the DNS query, an amount of time or processing resources used to process the DNS query; and

returns the first DNS answer to the first client in response to the first DNS query; and

a transmission module that shares the subset of DNS answers with at least the second proxy server.

18. The sharing module of claim 17, wherein the proxy server caches two or more of the most commonly-requested DNS answers.

19. The sharing module of claim 17, wherein the proxy server distributes DNS queries to the DNS cluster based on load balancing considerations.

20. The sharing module of claim 17, wherein the proxy server filters DNS queries to the DNS cluster.

21. The sharing module of claim 17, wherein the sharing module further includes a receiving module that:

receives a second DNS answer from a third proxy server system; and

stores the second DNS answer in the first local cache of the first proxy server.

22. The sharing module of claim 21, wherein the query processing module:

receives a second DNS query for the second DNS answer from a second client;

checks the first local cache for the second DNS answer; and

finding the second DNS answer in the first local cache,

returns the second DNS answer to the second client in response to the second DNS query.

23. The sharing module of claim 17, wherein the sharing module further includes a receiving module that:

receives a second DNS answer from the second proxy server; and

stores the second DNS answer in the first local cache of the first proxy server.

24. The sharing module of claim 17, wherein the second proxy server is logically related to the first proxy server.

25. The sharing module of claim 24, wherein the second proxy server is geographically related to the first proxy server.