Pipe system, a fluid sensing system for a pipe system, and a method of determining a fluid component in an annulus cavity of a pipe

• US 8,593,636 B2
• Filed: 02/23/2009
• Issued: 11/26/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 02/25/2008
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S (NOV, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S (NOV, Inc.)
• Inventors: Kristiansen, Mikael, Weppenaar, Nicky
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron E
• Assistant Examiner(s): KOLB, NATHANIEL J
• Application Number:
  US12/919,070
• Publication Number:
  US 20110026031A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,737 Days
• Field of Search: 73/240.1, 73/240.2, 73/614.8, 731/521.8, 731/521.9, 356/436, 356/437
• US Class Current: 356/436
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 17/015 Non-vertical risers, e.g. articulated or catenary-type
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 11/082 two layers
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 11/083 three or more layers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/1704 in gases
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/1708 with piezotransducers probes for investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves G01N29/24
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/1702 with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/31 Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry G01N21/72 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/33 using ultraviolet light G01N21/39 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/35 using infrared light G01N21/39 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/65 Raman scattering
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/658 enhancement Raman, e.g. surface plasmons
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/2425 optoacoustic fluid cells therefor

Abstract

The invention relates to a pipe system comprising

• a) a pipe,
• b) a fluid sensing station and
• c) a remote light detector system.

The pipe comprises a flow channel and an annular fluid cavity surrounding the flow channel. The fluid sensing station comprises a sensing fluid cavity which is in fluid communication with the annular fluid cavity, and the sensing fluid cavity comprises a light emitter and a light receiver placed at a distance from each other. The light emitter and the light receiver are optically connected to each other and optically connected to the remote light detector system.

The invention also relates to a fluid sensing system for sensing a fluid in an annulus cavity of a pipe, said fluid sensing system comprises a fluid sensing station and a remote light detector system. The fluid sensing station comprises a sensing fluid cavity comprising a light emitter and a light receiver placed at a distance from each other and optically connected to each other. The remote light detector system comprises a light source and an analyzer. The light emitter is optically connected to the light source, and the light receiver being optically connected to the analyzer. The fluid sensing station is arranged to be connected to a pipe with an annular fluid cavity to provide a fluid communication between said annular fluid cavity and said sensing fluid cavity.

The invention further relates to a method for sensing a fluid in an annulus cavity of a pipe.

Claims

1. A pipe system comprising a flexible, unbonded pipe, a fluid sensing station and a remote light detector system, the pipe comprises a flow channel and an annular fluid cavity surrounding the flow channel, the fluid sensing station comprises a sensing fluid cavity which is in fluid communication with the annular fluid cavity, the sensing fluid cavity comprises a light emitter and a light receiver placed at a distance from each other, the light emitter and the light receiver are optically connected to each other and optically connected to the remote light detector system.

2. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pipe is a flexible pipe comprising at least two unbonded layers, the pipe comprises from inside out an internal sheath, one or more armouring layers and an outer sheath, the internal sheath forming a resistance or barrier against the outflow of liquid fluid which is conveyed through the pipe through the flow channel.

3. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pipe comprises an internal sheath and an outer sheath, and the annular fluid cavity is provided between the two sheaths.

4. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the annular fluid cavity extends along the length of the pipe in a length of at least 10 m.

5. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the remote light detector system comprises a light source optically connected to feed the light emitter in the sensing fluid cavity, the light source is optically connected to the light emitter by an optical fiber.

6. A pipe system as claimed in claim 5 wherein the light source emits light comprising wavelengths which interact with water vapour or one or more of the components selected from oxygen, methane, hydrogen sulphides and carbon dioxides either in gas form or when dissolved in water at least by absorbing or by scattering at least a part of the emitted light.

7. A pipe system as claimed in claim 5 wherein the light source emits light comprising wavelengths in the range 10⁻

10 to 10<sup>−

2</sup> meters.

8. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the remote light detector system comprises an analyzer, the analyzer is optically connected to the light receiver in the sensing fluid cavity by an optical fiber.

9. A pipe system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the analyzer is capable of analyzing light comprising wavelengths which interact with or result from an interaction with water vapour or one or more of the components selected from oxygen, methane, hydrogen sulphides and carbon dioxides in gas form or when dissolved in water.

10. A pipe system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the analyzer is capable of analyzing light comprising wavelengths in the range 10⁻

10 to 10<sup>−

2</sup> meters.

11. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the remote light detector system comprises a light source and an analyzer, the light source and the analyzer is optically coupled such that the fluid sensing station is capable of comparing the wavelengths or intensities of the emitted light with the corresponding wavelengths or intensities of the received light.

12. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the sensing fluid cavity comprises a light emitter and a light receiver placed at a distance from each other, and a gas sensor, the light emitter and the light receiver are optically connected to each other via the gas sensor.

13. A pipe system as claimed in claim 12 wherein a light beam emitted from the light emitter into the gas sensor will be modified in the gas sensor in dependence on the contents of the gas in the sensing fluid cavity.

14. A pipe system as claimed in claim 12 wherein the gas sensor is a photoacoustic spectroscope (PAS).

15. A pipe system as claimed in claim 12 wherein the gas sensor is a Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscope (QEPAS).

16. A pipe system as claimed in claim 12 wherein the system comprises a light source optically connected to feed the light emitter in the sensing fluid cavity, the light source is selected from a tunable diode laser source, a quantum cascade laser (QCL), an interband cascade laser (ICL) and an optical parametric oscillator (OPO).

17. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least one active element of the remote light detector system is placed at a distance from the fluid sensing station which is at least 2 m, wherein the active elements are selected from the light source and the analyzer.

18. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the remote light detector system is placed at a distance from the pipe which is at least 2 m.

19. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the remote light detector system is detecting one or more fluid components using at least one of spectroscopy, spectrophotoscopy, Raman scattering, Raman spectroscopy, Resonance Raman spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and ultra-violet spectroscopy.

20. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein a valve or a filter is arranged in the sensing fluid cavity to control or adjust the pressure in the sensing fluid cavity.

21. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pipe comprises an end fitting, the sensing fluid cavity is provided in the end fitting and is in fluid communication with the annular fluid cavity, and a valve or a filter is arranged between the sensing fluid cavity and the annular fluid cavity.

22. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fluid sensing station is external to the pipe, the pipe comprises an access opening into the annular fluid cavity through which the sensing fluid cavity is in fluid communication with the annular fluid cavity, the access opening is provided with a valve or a filter.

23. A pipe system as claimed in claim 22 wherein the pipe comprises an end fitting, the access opening into the annular fluid cavity is provided via the end fitting.

24. A pipe system as claimed in claim 23 wherein the fluid sensing station is fixed to the end fitting.

25. A pipe system as claimed in claim 23 wherein the fluid sensing station is connected to the end fitting, via a tube fixed to respectively the fluid sensing station and the end fitting.

26. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the sensing fluid cavity comprises the light emitter optically connected to the light receiver, wherein the optical connection comprises an exposure length where the light providing the optical connection is exposed to a fluid in the sensing fluid cavity, the exposure length is between 1 mm and 500 cm.

27. A pipe system as claimed in claim 26 wherein the exposure length is adjustable.

28. A pipe system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pipe is an offshore pipe.

29. A method of determining a fluid component in an annular fluid cavity of a pipe comprising the use of a pipe system as claimed in claim 1, the method comprises emitting light from said light emitter and receiving emitted light by said light receiver and transmitting the received light to the remote light detector system for determining the fluid component.

30. A method as claimed in claim 29, wherein the determination comprises performing a qualitative determination of the presence of one or more components, selected from oxygen, methane, hydrogen sulphides and carbon dioxides in gas form or when dissolved in water.

31. A method as claimed in claim 29, wherein the determination comprises performing a quantitative determination of the amount of one or more components, selected from oxygen, methane, hydrogen sulphides and carbon dioxides in gas form or when dissolved in water.

32. A method as claimed in claim 29, wherein the system is connected to an alarm, the method comprises activating said alarm if the determined results deviate from a set point or deviate significantly from previous determinations.

33. A pipe system as claimed in claim 3 wherein the pipe comprises one or more intermediate sheaths, and at least two of the sheaths of the pipe are barrier sheaths that form a barrier against fluid, and the annular fluid cavity is provided between the two barrier sheaths.

34. A fluid sensing system for sensing a fluid in an annulus cavity of a pipe, the fluid sensing system comprises a fluid sensing station and a remote light detector system, the fluid sensing station comprises a sensing fluid cavity comprising a light emitter and a light receiver placed at a distance from each other and optically connected to each other, the remote light detector system comprises a light source and an analyzer, the light emitter is optically connected to the light source, the light receiver is optically connected to the analyzer, the fluid sensing station is arranged to be connected to a pipe with an annular fluid cavity to provide a fluid communication between the annular fluid cavity and the sensing fluid cavity.

35. A fluid sensing system as claimed in claim 34 wherein the light source is adapted to emit light comprising wavelengths which interact with water vapour or one or more of the components selected from oxygen, methane, hydrogen sulphides and carbon dioxides either in gas form or when dissolved in water at least by absorbing or scattering at least a part of the emitted light.

36. A fluid sensing system as claimed in claim 34 wherein the sensing fluid cavity comprises a light emitter and a light receiver placed at a distance from each other, and a gas sensor, the light emitter and the light receiver is optically connected to each other via the gas sensor.

37. A fluid sensing system as claimed in claim 36 wherein the gas sensor is a photoacoustic spectroscope (PAS).

38. A fluid sensing system as claimed in claim 36 wherein the system comprises a light source for optically connected to feed the light emitter in the sensing fluid cavity, the light source is selected from a tunable diode laser source, a quantum cascade laser (QCL), an interband cascade lasers (ICL) and an optical parametric oscillator (OPO).

39. A fluid sensing system as claimed in claim 34 wherein the sensing fluid cavity comprises a gas sensor in the form of a photoacoustic spectroscope (PAS), the remote light detector system is detecting one or more fluid components by analyzing the signal received from the light receiver.

40. A fluid sensing system as claimed in claim 34 wherein the remote light detector system comprises a light source and an analyzer, the light source and the analyzer is optically coupled such that the fluid sensing station is capable of comparing the wavelengths or intensities of the emitted light with the corresponding wavelengths or intensities of the received light.

41. A fluid sensing system as claimed in claim 34 wherein the fluid sensing system is adapted to be connected to a pipe comprising an access opening into an annular fluid cavity, the sensing fluid cavity is adapted to be in fluid communication with the annular fluid cavity through the access opening.