Fuel cell system

• US 8,603,687 B2
• Filed: 12/26/2008
• Issued: 12/10/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 12/28/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Hamada, Kenichi, Manabe, Kouta, Imanishi, Hiroyuki, Kitamura, Nobuyuki
• Primary Examiner(s): DRODGE, JOSEPH W
• Application Number:
  US12/811,064
• Publication Number:
  US 20100316922A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,810 Days
• Field of Search: 429/7, 429/400, 429428-432, 318/139, 318/400.21, 318/400.22, 701/22, 307/9.1, 307/18, 307/23, 307/25, 307/26, 307/28, 307/36, 903/903, 903/907, 903/908, 903/930, 903/941
• US Class Current: 429/428
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/003 to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/14 Boost converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/12 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/527 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/28 including control of fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/20 Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/402 Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04559 of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04619 of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0488 of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/34 Snubber circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/342 Active non-dissipative snubbers
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/10 Applications of fuel cells in buildings
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 : Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 : Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

In order to assure drive of a drive motor, a boost operation of a boost device is appropriately performed by judging whether a voltage supplied from a fuel cell suffices a voltage required for driving the drive motor, thereby suppressing a switching loss by the boost device. A fuel cell system is a power source for driving a load. The system includes: a drive motor driven by an electric power; a fuel cell which generates electricity by an electrochemical reaction between an oxidizing gas containing oxygen and a fuel gas containing hydrogen and supplies an electric power to the drive motor; a first boost device which can boosts the voltage outputted from the fuel cell and supplies the boosted voltage to the drive motor; and boost control means which controls voltage boost performed by the first boost device according to the relationship between the fuel cell output voltage and the voltage required by the drive motor.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system comprising:

a drive motor serving as a power source for driving a load and driven by electric power;

a fuel cell generating electricity with electrochemical reaction of an oxidation gas containing oxygen to a fuel gas containing hydrogen and supplying the electric power to said drive motor;

a first boost device boosting a voltage output from said fuel cell and enabling the post-boosting voltage to be supplied to said drive motor;

a secondary battery capable of charging and discharging of the electric power and supplying the electric power to said drive motor with the discharge;

a second boost device boosting a voltage output from said secondary battery and enabling the post-boosting voltage to be supplied to said drive motor; and

a boost control unit controlling the voltage boost by said first boost device on the basis of a correlation between an output voltage of said fuel cell and a motor voltage necessary for driving said drive motor,

wherein said boost control unit calculates output electric power of said fuel cell when driving said drive motor on the basis of the electric power supplied to the drive motor necessary for driving said drive motor, the electric power in the charge and the discharge of said secondary battery, the electric power that is lost when said first boost device boosts the output voltage of said fuel cell and the electric power that is lost when said second boost device boosts the output voltage of said secondary battery, and calculates output voltage of said fuel cell from the calculated output electric power of said fuel cell, and

wherein said boost control unit conducts a control of the voltage boost by said first boost device, which is as to whether said drive motor is driven by the output voltage of said fuel cell or by a post-boosting voltage given after boosting said output of said fuel cell, based on a result of comparison between said output voltage of said fuel cell and the motor voltage necessary for driving said drive motor, and

wherein said boost control unit, when the output voltage of said fuel cell is higher than the motor voltage of said drive motor, inhibits the output voltage of said fuel cell from being boosted by said first boost device and thus supplies the output voltage of said fuel cell directly to said drive motor, and

wherein said boost control unit, when the output voltage of said fuel cell is not higher than the motor voltage of said drive motor, supplies the post-boosting voltage given after boosting said output voltage of said fuel cell by the first boost device to said drive motor.

2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein said boost control means unit further controls the boost of the voltage by said first boost device on the basis of a correlation between a voltage applied to said drive motor and drive efficiency of said drive motor.

3. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein said boost control unit further controls the boost of the voltage by said first boost device and the boost of the voltage by said second boost device on the basis of the correlation between the voltage applied to said drive motor and the drive efficiency of said drive motor.

4. A fuel cell system comprising:

a drive motor serving as a power source for driving a load and driven by electric power;

a fuel cell generating electricity with electrochemical reaction of an oxidation gas containing oxygen to a fuel gas containing hydrogen and supplying the electric power to said drive motor;

a first boost device boosting a voltage output from said fuel cell and enabling the post-boosting voltage to be supplied to said drive motor;

a secondary battery capable of charging and discharging of the electric power and supplying the electric power to said drive motor with the discharge;

a buck-boost device stepping up and down a voltage output from said secondary battery and enabling the post-stepping-up-and-down voltage to be supplied to said drive motor; and

a boost control unit controlling the voltage boost by said first boost device on the basis of a correlation between an output voltage of said fuel cell and a motor voltage necessary for driving said drive motor,

wherein said boost control unit calculates output electric power of said fuel cell when driving said drive motor on the basis of the electric power supplied to the drive motor necessary for driving said drive motor, the electric power in the charge and the discharge of said secondary battery, the electric power that is lost when said first boost device boosts the output voltage of said fuel cell and the electric power that is lost when said buck-boost device steps up and down the output voltage of said secondary battery, and calculates output voltage of said fuel cell from the calculated output electric power of said fuel cell, and

wherein said boost control unit conducts a control of the voltage boost by said first boost, which is as to whether said drive motor is driven by the output voltage of said fuel cell or by a post-boosting voltage given after boosting said output voltage of said fuel cell, based on a result of comparison between said output voltage of said fuel cell and the motor voltage necessary for driving said drive motor, and

wherein said boost control unit, when the output voltage of said fuel cell is higher than the motor voltage of said drive motor, inhibits the output voltage of said fuel cell from being boosted by said first boost device and thus supplies the output voltage of said fuel cell directly to said drive motor, and

wherein said boost control unit, when the output voltage of said fuel cell is not higher than the motor voltage of said drive motor, supplies the post-boosting voltage given after boosting said output voltage of said fuel cell by the first boost device to said drive motor.

5. The fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein said boost control unit further controls the boost of the voltage by said first boost device and the step-up and the step-down of the voltage by said buck-boost device on the basis of the correlation between the voltage applied to said drive motor and the drive efficiency of said drive motor.

6. The fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein said boost control unit further controls the boost of the voltage by said first boost device on the basis of a correlation between a voltage applied to said drive motor and drive efficiency of said drive motor.

7. A fuel cell system comprising:

a drive motor serving as a power source for driving a load and driven by electric power;

a fuel cell generating electricity with electrochemical reaction of an oxidation gas containing oxygen to a fuel gas containing hydrogen and supplying the electric power to said drive motor, an output voltage of said fuel cell being set so as to exceed a motor voltage necessary for driving said drive motor in a predetermined drive range defined as a partial area of all a drive range that can be taken by said drive motor, the predetermined drive range being the range in which a frequency of the user'"'"'s request for driving the load is equal to or larger than a predetermined rate;

a first boost device boosting a voltage output from said fuel cell and enabling the post-boosting voltage to be supplied to said drive motor, the first boost device being able to control a terminal voltage of the fuel cell through the boost operation thereof; and

a boost control unit intermittently controlling the voltage boost by said first boost device on the basis of a correlation between an output voltage of said fuel cell and the motor voltage necessary for driving said drive motor when driving said drive motor,

wherein said boost control unit, when a drive state of said drive motor belongs to the predetermined drive range, restricts the output voltage of said fuel cell from being boosted by said first boost device and thus supplies the output voltage of said fuel cell directly to said drive motor.

8. The fuel cell system according to any one of claim 7, further comprising a secondary battery capable of charging and discharging of the electric power and supplying the electric power to said drive motor with the discharge, a maximum output voltage of said secondary battery being set so as to be lower than a maximum output voltage of said fuel cell in a second predetermined drive range defined as a partial area of the predetermined drive range;

and

a second boost device boosting a voltage output from said secondary battery and enabling the post-boosting voltage to be supplied to said drive motor.

9. The fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein said boost control device, when a drive state of said drive motor belongs to the second predetermined drive range, restricts the output voltage of said fuel cell from being boosted by said first boost device and thus supplies the output voltage of said fuel cell directly to said drive motor.

10. The fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein said boost control device, when an input-side voltage of said first boost device in said fuel cell system is higher than the motor voltage and is also higher than the maximum output voltage of said secondary battery, restricts the output voltage of said fuel cell from being boosted by said first boost device and thus supplies the output voltage of said fuel cell directly to said drive motor.

11. The fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein said boost control means device, when the drive state of said drive motor belongs to the predetermined drive range excluding the second predetermined drive range, restricts the output voltage of said fuel cell from being boosted by said first boost device and thus temporarily increases a capacity of the power supply to said drive motor from said secondary battery more than when performing the normal power supply.

12. The fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein said boost control device, when the input-side voltage of said first boost device in said fuel cell system is equal to or lower than the maximum output voltage of said secondary battery and when an output-side voltage of said first boost device in said fuel cell system is equal to or lower than the maximum output voltage of said secondary battery, restricts the output voltage of said fuel cell from being boosted by said first boost device and thus temporarily increases the capacity of the power supply to said drive motor from said secondary battery more than when performing the normal power supply.

13. The fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein the second predetermined drive range is coincident with the predetermined drive range.

14. The fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein said second boost device can further step down the voltage output from said secondary battery and can supply the post-step-down voltage to said drive motor, and

said boost control device, if the drive state of said drive motor belongs to the predetermined drive range irrespective of whether the drive state belongs to the second predetermined drive range or not, restricts the output voltage of said fuel cell from being boosted by said first boost device and thus supplies the output voltage of said fuel cell directly to said drive motor.

15. A fuel cell system comprising:

a drive motor serving as a power source for driving a load and driven by electric power;

a fuel cell generating electricity with electrochemical reaction of an oxidation gas containing oxygen to a fuel gas containing hydrogen and supplying the electric power to said drive motor, an output voltage of said fuel cell being set so as to exceed a motor voltage necessary for driving said drive motor in a predetermined drive range defined as a partial area of all a drive range that can be taken by said drive motor, the predetermined drive range being the range in which a frequency of a user'"'"'s request for driving the load is equal to or larger than a predetermined rate;

a first boost device boosting a voltage output from said fuel cell and enabling the post-boosting voltage to be supplied to said drive motor, the first boost device being able to control a terminal voltage of the fuel cell through the boost operation thereof; and

a boost control unit intermittently controlling the voltage boost by said first boost device on the basis of a correlation between an output voltage of said fuel cell and the motor voltage necessary for driving said drive motor when driving said drive motor,

wherein said boost control unit, when an input-side voltage of said first boost device in said fuel cell system is higher than the motor voltage, restricts the output voltage of said fuel cell from being boosted by said first boost device and thus supplies the output voltage of said fuel cell directly to said drive motor.