Space-filling miniature antennas
First Claim
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1. An apparatus comprising:
- a portable communication device;
at least a first single antenna, the first single antenna being included entirely within the portable communication device;
said first single antenna having a surface that radiates and receives electromagnetic waves, an entirety of an edge enclosing the surface shaped as a substantially non-periodic curve;
said substantially non-periodic curve comprises a multiplicity of connected segments, each segment is shorter than one tenth of at least one operating free-space wavelength of the antenna;
the first single antenna radiates at multiple different operating Wavelengths with at least one of the operating wavelengths corresponding to an operating wavelength of a cellular telephone system;
the first single antenna radiates across each of at least two non-overlapping cellular telephone system frequency bands; and
the first single antenna simultaneously receives electromagnetic waves corresponding to at least two non-overlapping cellular telephone system frequency bands.
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Abstract
A novel geometry, the geometry of Space-Filling Curves (SFC) is defined in the present invention and it is used to shape a part of an antenna. By means of this novel technique, the size of the antenna can be reduced with respect to prior art, or alternatively, given a fixed size the antenna can operate at a lower frequency with respect to a conventional antenna of the same size.
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Citations
53 Claims
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1. An apparatus comprising:
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a portable communication device; at least a first single antenna, the first single antenna being included entirely within the portable communication device; said first single antenna having a surface that radiates and receives electromagnetic waves, an entirety of an edge enclosing the surface shaped as a substantially non-periodic curve; said substantially non-periodic curve comprises a multiplicity of connected segments, each segment is shorter than one tenth of at least one operating free-space wavelength of the antenna; the first single antenna radiates at multiple different operating Wavelengths with at least one of the operating wavelengths corresponding to an operating wavelength of a cellular telephone system; the first single antenna radiates across each of at least two non-overlapping cellular telephone system frequency bands; and the first single antenna simultaneously receives electromagnetic waves corresponding to at least two non-overlapping cellular telephone system frequency bands. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. An apparatus comprising:
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a portable communication device; at least a first single antenna, the first single antenna being entirely included within the portable communication device; the first single antenna comprises a radiating element a perimeter of which is defined by a multi-segment, irregular curve including a plurality of segments, each of said segments being spatially arranged such that no two adjacent and connected segments form another longer straight segment and none of said segments intersects with another segment other than at the beginning and at the end of said multi-segment, irregular curve to form a closed loop; the first single antenna radiates at multiple different operating wavelengths; each segment of said plurality of segments is shorter than one tenth of a longest operating free-space wavelength of said multiple different operating wavelengths; the multi-segment curve has a box-counting dimension larger than one with the box-counting dimension computed as the slope of a substantially straight portion of a line in a log-log graph over at least one octave of scales on a horizontal axis of the log-log graph; a first of the multiple different operating wavelengths corresponds to an operating wavelength of a first cellular telephone system; and a second of the multiple different operating wavelengths corresponds to an operating wavelength of a second cellular telephone system. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)
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43. An apparatus comprising:
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a cellular telephone; at least a first single antenna, the antenna being included entirely within the cellular telephone; the first single antenna comprising a radiating element having a surface, an entirety of an edge enclosing the surface shaped as a substantially non-periodic curve; said substantially non-periodic curve comprises a multiplicity of connected segments, each segment is shorter than one tenth of at least one operating free-space wavelength of the antenna; the first single antenna radiates at multiple different operating wavelengths with at least one of the operating wavelengths corresponding to an operating wavelength of a cellular telephone system; the first single antenna simultaneously radiates across each of at least three non-overlapping cellular telephone system frequency bands; and the first single antenna comprising a matching network between the radiating element and an input connector or transmission line. - View Dependent Claims (44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53)
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Specification