Systems and methods for absorbing waste electricity from regenerative braking in hybridized vehicles

• US 8,614,565 B2
• Filed: 07/01/2011
• Issued: 12/24/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America Incorporated (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Lubawy, Andrea L.
• Primary Examiner(s): WILLIAMS, ARUN C
• Application Number:
  US13/175,654
• Publication Number:
  US 20110260660A1
• Time in Patent Office: 907 Days
• Field of Search: 320/150
• US Class Current: 320/150
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/25 by controlling the electric load
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/10 Dynamic electric regenerative braking B60L7/22 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00302 Overcharge protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00309 Overheat or overtemperature protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007194 of the battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/14 for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for absorbing electric energy from regenerative braking. The system includes a battery, a thermoelectric module in thermally-conductive contact with the battery, a generator for generating an electric current from regenerative braking, the generator connected to the battery via a first switch and connected to the thermoelectric module via a second switch, and a sensor for measuring a temperature and a charge state of the battery. The system also comprises a controller for activating and deactivating the first switch and the second switch when certain conditions have been met.

Claims

1. A method of absorbing energy from regenerative braking, comprising:

sensing a charge state of a battery;

transferring an electric current from the regenerative braking to a thermoelectric module;

adjusting a polarity of the electric current to control a heat transfer between the thermoelectric module and the battery when the sensed charge state is less than or equal to a maximum charge state of the battery; and

adjusting the polarity of the electric current to cause the thermoelectric module to absorb heat from the battery when the sensed charge state is greater than the maximum charge state of the battery.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

transferring the electric current from the regenerative braking to the battery when the sensed charge state is equal to or less than the maximum charge state of the battery; and

terminating the electric current transfer from the regenerative braking to the battery when the sensed charge state is greater than the maximum charge state of the battery.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

sensing a temperature of the battery; and

adjusting the polarity of the electric current to a first polarity to cause the thermoelectric module to absorb heat from the battery when the sensed temperature is equal to or greater than a maximum operating temperature of the battery.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

sensing a temperature of the battery; and

adjusting the polarity of the electric current to a second polarity to cause the thermoelectric module to transfer heat to the battery when the sensed temperature is equal to or less than a minimum operating temperature of the battery.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

sensing a temperature of the battery; and

adjusting the polarity of the electric current to be at a first polarity or a second polarity based on the sensed temperature, to cause the thermoelectric module to exchange heat with the battery when the sensed temperature is between a maximum operating temperature of the battery and a minimum operating temperature of the battery.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein:

the first polarity of the electric current causes the thermoelectric module to absorb heat from the battery, and

the second polarity of the electric current causes the thermoelectric module to transfer heat to the battery.

7. A method of regulating a temperature of a battery for use in regenerative braking, the method comprising:

transferring an electric current from the regenerative braking to the battery;

sensing the temperature of the battery;

transferring the electric current from the regenerative braking to a thermoelectric module; and

adjusting a polarity of the electric current to enable the thermoelectric module to absorb heat from the battery when the sensed temperature is equal to or greater than a maximum operating temperature of the battery.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

adjusting the polarity of the electric current to enable the thermoelectric module to transfer heat to the battery when the sensed temperature is equal to or less than a minimum operating temperature of the battery.

9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

adjusting the polarity of the electric current to enable the thermoelectric module to cool or heat the battery based on the sensed temperature when the sensed temperature is between a maximum operating temperature and a minimum operating temperature of the battery.

10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

transferring the electric current from regenerative braking to the battery when the charge state is less than or predetermined charge state of the battery; and

terminating the electric current transfer from regenerative braking to the battery when the charge state is greater than or equal to the predetermined charge state of the battery.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the transferring the electric current to the battery includes activating a switch connecting a generator and the battery.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the terminating the electric current to the battery includes deactivating a switch connecting a generator and the battery.

13. A method of absorbing electricity from regenerative braking, comprising:

measuring an actual temperature of a battery using a first sensor;

measuring a charge state of the battery using a second sensor;

obtaining a maximum operating battery temperature and a maximum charge state from memory;

transferring electric current from the regenerative braking to a thermoelectric module using a controller wherein the controller sets a polarity of the electric current to cool the battery when the actual temperature is greater than or equal to the maximum operating battery temperature; and

transferring electric current from the regenerative braking to the thermoelectric module using the controller wherein the controller alternates a polarity of the electric current to heat and cool the battery when the charge state is greater than or equal to the maximum charge state.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising obtaining a minimum operating battery temperature from the memory and transferring electric current from the regenerative braking to a thermoelectric module using the controller wherein the controller sets a polarity of the electric current to heat the battery when the actual temperature is less than or equal to the minimum operating battery temperature.

15. The method of claim 13 further comprising activating a first switch that connects the battery to a generator when the actual temperature is greater than a minimum operating battery temperature.

16. The method of claim 15 further comprising activating a second switch that connects the thermoelectric module to the generator when the actual temperature is less than the minimum operating battery temperature.

17. The method of claim 13 further comprising activating a first switch that connects the battery to a generator when the actual temperature is less than the maximum operating battery temperature.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising activating a second switch that connects the thermoelectric module to the generator when the actual temperature is greater than the maximum operating battery temperature.

19. The method of claim 13 further comprising activating a first switch that connects the battery to a generator when the charge state is less than the maximum charge state.

20. The method of claim 19 further comprising activating a second switch that connects the thermoelectric module to the generator when the charge state is greater than the maximum charge state.