Method and system for wear leveling in a solid state drive

• US 8,621,141 B2
• Filed: 04/01/2010
• Issued: 12/31/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 04/01/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: SK Hynix NAND Product Solutions Corporation (SK Hynix Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Mudama, Eric D., Jones, David M., Vogan, Andrew W.
• Primary Examiner(s): BATAILLE, PIERRE MICHE
• Application Number:
  US12/752,659
• Publication Number:
  US 20110246705A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,370 Days
• Field of Search: 711/103, 711/159, 711/202, 711/206, 711/E12.001, 711/E12.008, 711/E12.059
• US Class Current: 711/103
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 16/3495 Circuits or methods to detect or delay wearout of nonvolatile EPROM or EEPROM memory devices, e.g. by counting numbers of erase or reprogram cycles, by using multiple memory areas serially or cyclically

Abstract

A method and system for wear leveling in a solid state drive by mapping the logical regions of the solid state drive that hold static content or information into the physical regions of the solid state drive that have erase counts more than an average erase count of all of the physical regions. By doing so, it allows the solid state drive to wear level itself naturally through continued usage. In one embodiment of the invention, the erase count of each physical region is incremented with every erasing operation of each physical region. The physical regions that have a high count of erase count operations are mapped with content of the logical regions with static content so that the possibility of future erase operations of these physical regions is reduced.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

determining erase counts of physical regions of a storage device, wherein the erase count indicates a number of times the physical region associated with the erase count has been subject to an erase operation;

determining whether a logical region stored in the physical region having the lowest erase count has static content, wherein logical regions having static content have a lower rate of host writes than logical regions having dynamic content;

mapping the logical region determined to have the static content in the physical region having the lowest erase count into a respective one of the physical regions of the storage device having a higher erase count than the physical region having the lowest erase count.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the static content comprises content having a rate of write access lower than an average rate of write access of logical regions.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining a rate of write access of each logical region; and

determining an erase count of each physical region, wherein the erase count of each physical region is to be incremented responsive to every erasing operation of each physical region.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more physical regions comprise one or more physical regions that are clean or have been erased, the method further comprising:

sorting the erase count of each physical region that is clean or has been erased in an increasing order to form a list; and

determining a minimum erase count, a maximum erase count, and the average erase count from the list.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

determining whether a difference between the average erase count and the minimum erase count is to exceed a threshold; and

wherein mapping the one logical region into the respective one physical region comprises mapping the one logical region into a respective one physical region that is clean or has been erased responsive to the determination that the difference is to exceed the threshold.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

determining whether a difference between the maximum erase count and the average erase count is to exceed a threshold; and

wherein mapping the one logical region into the respective one physical region comprises mapping the one logical region into a respective one physical region that is clean or has been erased responsive to the determination that the difference is to exceed the threshold.

7. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

allocating every new write access operation to a physical region with the minimum erase count in the list.

8. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

allocating one of one or more physical regions that are clean or have been erased for a new write access operation based on an expected usage of contents to be written by the new write access operation.

9. The method of claim 4, wherein the one logical region is to be associated with a physical region with the minimum erase count and wherein the erase count of the respective one physical region is the maximum erase count.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the storage device comprises a solid state drive having one or more NAND flash memories.

11. An apparatus comprising:

one or more NAND flash memories, wherein the one or more NAND flash memories are to be partitioned into one or more logical bands and one or more physical bands; and

logic coupled with the one or more NAND flash memories to perform;

determining erase counts of physical bands, wherein the erase count indicates a number of times the physical band associated with the erase count has been subject to an erase operation;

determining at least one logical band stored in the physical band having a lowest erase count of physical bands and having static content, wherein logical bands having static content have a lower rate of host writes than logical bands having dynamic content;

relocating static content in the at least one logical band determined to have the static content in the at least one physical band having the lowest erase count of the physical bands into at least one physical band having an erase count exceeding the average erase count of the physical bands.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the logic is further to:

determine a frequency of write operation of each logical band; and

determine an erase count of each physical band, wherein the erase count of each physical band is to be incremented responsive to every erasing operation of each physical band.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the one or more physical bands comprise one or more physical bands that are clean or have been erased, and wherein the logic is further to:

create an array based on the erase count of each physical band that is clean or has been erased, wherein the array is to be sorted by an increasing order of the erase count of each physical band that is clean or has been erased; and

calculate a minimum erase count, a maximum erase count, and an average erase count from the array.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one physical band is the physical band having the maximum erase count in the array.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the logic is further to:

determine whether a difference between the average erase count and the minimum erase count is greater than a threshold; and

wherein the logic to relocate the static content in the at least one logical band to the at least one physical band is to relocate the static content in the at least one logical band to the at least one physical band responsive to the determination that the difference is greater than the threshold.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the logic is further to:

determine whether a difference between the maximum erase count and the average erase count is greater than a threshold; and

wherein the logic to relocate the static content in the at least one logical band to the at least one physical band is to relocate the static content in the at least one logical band to the at least one physical band responsive to the determination that the difference is greater than the threshold.

17. A system comprising:

a solid state drive, the solid state drive comprising;

a NAND flash memory; and

a controller to;

determine erase counts of physical regions of a storage device, wherein the erase count indicates a number of times the physical region associated with the erase count has been subject to an erase operation;

determine whether information in one of a plurality of logical areas of the NAND flash memory is static, wherein logical regions having static content have a lower rate of host writes than logical regions having dynamic content, wherein the one logical area is associated with a first physical area of a plurality of physical areas having a lowest erase count of the physical areas; and

relocate the information in the one logical area in the first physical area having the lowest erase count to a second physical area of the plurality of physical areas responsive to the determination that the information in the one logical area is not static, wherein the second physical area has an erase count lower than the average erase count and higher than the lowest erase count.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the controller is further to:

map the information in the one logical area to a third of the plurality of physical areas responsive to the determination that the information in the one logical area is static, wherein the third physical area is to have a third erase count higher than the average erase count.

19. The system of claim 17, wherein the controller is further to:

determine that none of the logical areas is to hold static information;

determine another logical area having valid information, wherein an address of the other logical area is sequential to an address of the one logical area; and

map the valid information of the other logical area to a third of the plurality of physical areas, wherein the third physical area is to have a third erase count higher than the average erase count.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the controller is further to:

determine a rate of write access of each logical area; and

determine an erase count of each physical area, wherein the erase count of each physical area is incremented responsive to every erasing operation of each physical area.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the controller is further to:

form a list using the erase count of each physical area that is clean or has been erased, wherein the list is arranged in an increasing order of the erase count of each physical area; and

determine a minimum erase count, a maximum erase count, and an average erase count from the list.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the controller is further to:

determine whether a difference between the average erase count and the minimum erase count is greater than a threshold; and

wherein the controller, which is to relocate the information in the one logical area to the second physical area responsive to the determination that the information in the one logical area is not static, is to relocate the information in the one logical area to the second physical area responsive to the determination that the information in the one logical area is not static and responsive to the determination that the difference is greater than the threshold.

23. The system of claim 21, wherein the controller is further to:

determine whether a difference between the maximum erase count and the average erase count is greater than a threshold; and

wherein the controller, which is to map the information in the one logical area to the third physical area responsive to the determination that the information in the one logical area is static, is to map the information in the one logical area to the third physical area responsive to the determination that the information in the one logical area is static and responsive to the determination that the difference is greater than the threshold.