Surface penetrating radar system and target zone investigation methodology

• US 8,629,799 B2
• Filed: 03/30/2011
• Issued: 01/14/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 03/30/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Sandia Research Corporation
• Original Assignee: Sandia Research Corporation
• Inventors: Shope, Steven M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Barker, Matthew M
• Application Number:
  US13/075,992
• Publication Number:
  US 20120249356A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,021 Days
• Field of Search: 342/22, 342/120
• US Class Current: 342/22
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/04 Systems determining presence of a target based on relative movement of target G01S13/56
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/288 phase modulated
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/885 for ground probing prospecting or detecting using electromagnetic waves G01V3/12

Abstract

A radar system (22) includes a transmitter (45), a receiver (59), and a software defined radio (SDR) peripheral (40). Methodology (80) for investigating a target zone (26) utilizing the system (22) entails generating (106) a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) code (120) having a code length (122) corresponding to a time duration of radio wave travel between the transmitter (45), the target zone (26), and the receiver (59) at a carrier frequency (112). A beacon signal (34), modulated (108) by the DSSS code (120), is transmitted (152) from the transmitter (45) toward the target zone (26) and a return signal (38) is received (156) at the receiver (56). The return signal (38) is compared (170) to a replica signal (168) characterized by the DSSS code (120), and presence of an object (32) in the target zone (26) is ascertained (178) when the return signal (38) matches the replica signal (168).

Claims

1. A method of investigating a target zone utilizing a radar system that includes a transmitter and a receiver, said method comprising:

generating a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) code having a code length corresponding to a time duration of radio wave travel between said transmitter, said target zone, and said receiver, wherein said generating operation comprises generating a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence of chips, said PN sequence having a sequence length, and expanding said PN sequence of said chips to yield said DSSS code having said code length, said code length being greater than said sequence length;

transmitting a beacon signal from said transmitter toward said target zone, said beacon signal produced by modulating a continuous wave signal by inserting said DSSS code into said continuous wave signal;

receiving a return signal at said receiver in response to said transmitting operation;

comparing said return signal to a replica signal characterized by said DSSS code; and

ascertaining a presence of an object in said target zone when said return signal corresponds to said replica signal.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said continuous wave signal is a carrier signal that is absent a data signal component.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said PN sequence is a maximum length sequence (m-sequence) of said chips.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said generating operation further comprises:

determining a total distance between said transmitter, said target zone, and said receiver;

ascertaining a quantity of cycles of said continuous wave signal occurring over said total distance at a frequency of said continuous wave signal;

selecting said sequence length for said PN sequence of said chips;

selecting a chip expansion factor for said PN sequence, said chip expansion factor defining a number of said cycles of said continuous wave signal per said chip in said PN sequence of said chips; and

said expanding operation comprises applying said chip expansion factor to each of said chips in said PN sequence to yield said DSSS code having said code length.

5. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein:

said selecting said chip expansion factor includes selecting said chip expansion factor that is a number greater than one such that a bandwidth of said beacon signal is approximately equal to said frequency divided by said chip expansion factor; and

said expanding operation includes successively replicating said each chip in said PN sequence by said chip expansion factor to yield said DSSS code.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said transmitter and said receiver are located at a reference platform spaced apart from said target zone, and said generating operation comprises:

determining a distance between said reference platform and an onset boundary of said target zone, said distance demarcating a blind zone for said receiver; and

generating said DSSS code having said code length corresponding to a round trip transmit duration between said reference platform and said onset boundary of said target zone such that a single instance of said DSSS code is transmittable during said round trip transmit duration.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein said DSSS code is first DSSS code, said code length is a first code length, said target zone includes a first zone section and a second zone section, said onset boundary is a first onset boundary for said first zone section, said distance is a first distance between said reference platform and said first onset boundary, and said generating operation further comprises:

determining a second distance between said reference platform and a second onset boundary of said second zone section, said second distance being greater than said first distance;

generating a second DSSS code having a second code length corresponding to a second round trip time duration between said reference platform and said second onset boundary of said target zone such that a single instance of said second DSSS code is transmittable during said second round trip time duration; and

for each of said first and second DSSS codes, successively performing said transmitting and receiving operations.

8. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein said return signal is a first return signal, and:

in response to said successively performing operation, said receiving operation includes receiving said first return signal following transmission of said beacon signal characterized by said first DSSS code and receiving a second return signal following transmission of said beacon signal characterized by said second DSSS code;

said comparing operation further includes comparing said second return signal to a second replica signal characterized by said second DSSS code; and

said ascertaining operation includes determining said presence of said object in one of said first and second zone sections in response to said comparing operation.

9. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising:

determining said code length for said DSSS code in response to a predetermined query distance for said target zone; and

identifying an approximate location of said object relative to a boundary of interest in said target zone in accordance with said predetermined query distance.

10. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein:

said transmitting operation transmits said beacon signal for a transmit duration approximately equivalent to a time duration for transmission of a single instance of said DSSS code; and

said method further comprises disabling a transmit capability of said transmitter following transmission of said single sequence of said DSSS code.

11. A method as claimed in claim 10 further comprising synchronizing a receive capability of said receiver with said code length of said DSSS code by disabling said receive capability during said transmit duration and enabling said receive capability following said transmit duration.

12. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said transmitter and said receiver are co-located on an airborne platform.

13. A radar system for investigating a target zone comprising:

a transmitter configured to transmit a beacon signal toward said target zone;

a receiver configured to receive a return signal following transmission of said beacon signal;

a processor in communication with each of said transmitter and said receiver; and

a memory element in communication with said processor, said memory element having executable code stored therein, said executable code instructing said processor to perform operations comprising;

generating a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence of chips, said PN sequence having a sequence length, and expanding said PN sequence of said chips to yield a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) code having a code length corresponding to a time duration of radio wave travel between said transmitter, said target zone, and said receiver, said code length being greater than said sequence length;

modulating a continuous wave signal by inserting said DSSS code into said continuous wave signal to produce said beacon signal;

comparing said return signal to a replica signal characterized by said DSSS code; and

ascertaining a presence of an object in said target zone when said return signal corresponds to said replica signal.

14. A radar system as claimed in claim 13 wherein said executable code instructs said processor to perform further operations to generate said DSSS code comprising:

determining a total distance between said transmitter, said target zone, and said receiver;

ascertaining a quantity of cycles of said continuous wave signal occurring over said total distance at a frequency of said continuous wave signal;

selecting said sequence length for said PN sequence of said chips;

selecting a chip expansion factor for said PN sequence such that a bandwidth of said beacon signal is approximately equal to said frequency divided by said chip expansion factor, said chip expansion factor defining a number of said cycles of said continuous wave signal per said chip in said PN sequence of said chips, said chip expansion factor being greater than one; and

applying said chip expansion factor to each of said chips in said PN sequence by successively replicating said each chip in said PN sequence by said chip expansion factor to yield said DSSS code having said code length.

15. A radar system as claimed in claim 13 wherein said executable code instructs said processor to perform further operations comprising:

determining said code length for said DSSS code in response to a predetermined query distance for said target zone; and

identifying an approximate location of said object relative to a boundary of interest in said target zone in accordance with said query distance.

16. A radar system as claimed in claim 13 wherein said system further comprises:

a switch element in communication with said processor;

an antenna system controlled by said switch element; and

said executable code instructs said processor to perform further operations comprising;

communicating a transmit enable signal to said switch to enable transmission of said beacon signal for a transmit duration approximately equivalent to a time duration for transmission of a single instance of said DSSS code and to disable a receive capability of said antenna system during said transmit duration; and

communicating a receive enable signal to said switch to disable transmission of said beacon signal following transmission of said single instance of said DSSS code and to enable a receive capability of said antenna system following said transmit duration.

17. A radar system as claimed in claim 13 wherein said radar system further comprises a software-defined radio with said executable code to implement said transmitter, said receiver, and said processor.

18. A method of investigating a target zone utilizing a radar system that includes a transmitter and a receiver comprising:

generating a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) code having a code length corresponding to a time duration of radio wave travel between said transmitter, said target zone, and said receiver, said generating operation including;

generating a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence of chips, said PN sequence having a sequence length; and

expanding said PN sequence of said chips by successively replicating each said chip in said PN sequence by a chip expansion factor to yield said DSSS code having said code length, said code length being greater than said sequence length;

modulating a continuous wave signal by inserting said DSSS code into said continuous wave signal to produce a beacon signal, said beacon signal having a bandwidth that is approximately equal to a frequency of said continuous wave signal divided by said chip expansion factor;

transmitting said beacon signal from said transmitter toward said target zone for a transmit duration substantially equivalent to a time duration for transmission of a single instance of said DSSS code;

receiving a return signal at said receiver in response to said transmitting operation;

comparing said return signal to a replica signal characterized by said DSSS code; and

ascertaining a presence of an object in said target zone when said return signal corresponds to said replica signal.

19. A method as claimed in claim 18 wherein said transmitter and said receiver are located at a reference platform spaced apart from said target zone, and said generating operation comprises:

determining a distance between said reference platform and an onset boundary of said target zone, said distance demarcating a blind zone for said receiver; and

said expanding said PN sequence produces said DSSS having said code length corresponding to a round trip transmit duration between said reference platform and said onset boundary of said target zone such that said single instance of said DSSS code is transmittable during said round trip transmit duration.