Apparatus and method for wireless communication via at least one of directional and omni-direction antennas

• US 8,630,590 B2
• Filed: 02/15/2013
• Issued: 01/14/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 06/06/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Nanda, Sanjiv, Nandagopalan, Saishankar, Abraham, Santosh, Walton, Jay Rodney, Ozaki, Ernest T
• Primary Examiner(s): Rego, Dominic E
• Application Number:
  US13/768,117
• Publication Number:
  US 20130157578A1
• Time in Patent Office: 333 Days
• Field of Search: 455/19, 455/25, 455/63.4, 455/279.1, 455/506, 455/500, 342/403, 342/405, 342/423, 342/432, 342/437, 342/445, 370/334, 375345-349, 375/267, 375/316, 375147-150, 375/260, 375/285, 375/340, 343/754, 343/853, 343/757
• US Class Current: 455/63.4
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/246 specially adapted for base stations
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/24 varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 15/00 Suppression or limitation of noise or interference by means associated with receiver H04B1/10
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0602 using antenna switching H04B7/0686 takes precedence; antenna beam directivity switching H01Q3/24
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0615 of weighted versions of same signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0842 Weighted combining
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/28 using beam steering
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/18 Negotiating wireless communication parameters

Abstract

Techniques for using at least one of omni-directional and directional antennas for communication are described. A station may be equipped antenna elements selectable for use as an omni-directional antenna or one or more directional antennas. The station may select the omni-directional antenna or a directional antenna for use for communication based on various factors such as, e.g., whether the location or direction of a target station for communication is known, whether control frames or data frames are being exchanged, etc.

Claims

1. A method of operating a wireless communications apparatus, comprising:

sending a Request to Send (RTS) frame to a station via an omni-directional antenna;

receiving a Clear to Send (CTS) frame from the station via the omni-directional antenna, said omni-directional antenna being a separate antenna from a plurality of directional antennas which receive said CTS frame or a synthesized antenna which is formed from said plurality of directional antennas which receive said CTS frame;

determining at least one of received signal strength or received signal quality of the received CTS frame for each of said plurality of directional antennas; and

selecting a directional antenna from said plurality of directional antennas based on the received signal strength for each of the plurality of directional antennas or the determined received signal quality for each of the plurality of directional antennas, the selected directional antenna having at least one of a highest received signal strength of the received CTS frame when said selection is based on the determined received signal strength and having the highest received signal quality when said selection is based on the determined quality of the received CTS frame.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

sending at least one data frame to the station via the selected directional antenna.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

switching back to the omni-directional antenna after sending the at least one data frame to the station.

4. The method of claim 1,

wherein determining received signal strength or received signal quality of the received CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas includes determining received signal strength of the CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas;

and

wherein said step of selecting a directional antenna includes selecting the directional antenna having the highest received signal strength of the CTS frame.

5. The method of claim 1,

wherein determining received signal strength or received signal quality of the received CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas includes determining received signal quality of the CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas;

and

wherein said step of selecting a directional antenna includes selecting the directional antenna having the highest received signal quality of the CTS frame.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving a data rate from said station, said data rate being a data rate that was selected based on a received signal quality of a signal transmitted from said omni-directional antenna; and

making an adjustment to said received data rate, to determine a data rate for transmission, based on a difference in an antenna gain of said omni-directional antenna and a gain of at least the selected directional antenna.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said omni-directional antenna is a separate antenna from the plurality of directional antennas.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said omni-directional antenna is a synthesized antenna which is formed from said plurality of directional antennas which receive said CTS frame, said omni-directional antenna including antenna elements which are included in said plurality of directional antennas.

9. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

at least one integrated circuit configured to;

send a Request to Send (RTS) frame to a station via an omni-directional antenna;

receive a Clear to Send (CTS) frame from the station via the omni-directional antenna, said omni-directional antenna being a separate antenna from a plurality of directional antennas which receive said CTS frame or a synthesized antenna which is formed from said plurality of directional antennas which receive said CTS frame;

determine at least one of received signal strength or received signal quality of the received CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas; and

select a directional antenna from said plurality of directional antennas based on the received signal strength for each of the plurality of directional antennas or the determined received signal quality for each of the plurality of directional antennas, the selected directional antenna having at least one of a highest received signal strength of the received CTS frame when said selection is based on the determined received signal strength and having the highest received signal quality when said selection is based on the determined quality of the received CTS frame.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said at least one integrated circuit is further configured to:

send at least one data frame to the station via the selected directional antenna.

11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one integrated circuit is configured to determine received signal strength of the CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas;

and

wherein said at least one integrated circuit is configured to select the directional antenna having the highest received signal strength of the CTS frame.

12. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

means for sending a Request to Send (RTS) frame to a station via an omni-directional antenna;

means for receiving a Clear to Send (CTS) frame from the station via the omni-directional antenna, said omni-directional antenna being a separate antenna from a plurality of directional antennas which receive said CTS frame or a synthesized antenna which is formed from said plurality of directional antennas which receive said CTS frame;

means for determining at least one of received signal strength or received signal quality of the received CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas; and

means for selecting a directional antenna from said plurality of directional antennas based on the received signal strength for each of the plurality of directional antennas or the determined received signal quality for each of the plurality of directional antennas, the selected directional antenna having at least one of a highest received signal strength of the received CTS frame when said selection is based on the determined received signal strength and having the highest received signal quality when said selection is based on the determined quality of the received CTS frame.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:

means for sending at least one data frame to the station via the selected directional antenna.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:

means for switching back to the omni-directional antenna after sending the at least one data frame to the station.

15. The apparatus of claim 12,

wherein said means for determining at least one of received signal strength or received signal quality determine received signal strength of the CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas;

and

wherein said means for selecting a directional antenna select said directional antenna having the highest received signal strength of the CTS frame.

16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said means for determining at least one of received signal strength or received signal quality determine received signal quality of the CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas;

and

wherein said means for selecting a directional antenna select said directional antenna having the highest received signal quality of the CTS frame.

17. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer readable instructions stored thereon, the computer readable instructions executable by at least one computer to:

send a Request to Send (RTS) frame to a station via an omni-directional antenna;

receive a Clear to Send (CTS) frame from the station via the omni-directional antenna, said omni-directional antenna being a separate antenna from a plurality of directional antennas which receive said CTS frame or a synthesized antenna which is formed from said plurality of directional antennas which receive said CTS frame;

determine at least one of received signal strength or received signal quality of the received CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas; and

select a directional antenna from said plurality of directional antennas based on the received signal strength for each of the plurality of directional antennas or the determined received signal quality for each of the plurality of directional antennas, the selected directional antenna having at least one of a highest received signal strength of the received CTS frame when said selection is based on the determined received signal strength and having the highest received signal quality when said selection is based on the determined quality of the received CTS frame.

18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, further comprising computer readable instructions executable by said at least one computer to:

send at least one data frame to the station via the selected directional antenna.

19. A station for wireless communication, comprising:

an omni-directional antenna;

a plurality of directional antennas; and

at least one integrated circuit configured to;

send a Request to Send (RTS) frame to another station via the omni-directional antenna;

receive a Clear to Send (CTS) frame from the other station via the omni-directional antenna, said omni-directional antenna being a separate antenna from a plurality of directional antennas which receive said CTS frame or a synthesized antenna which is formed from said plurality of directional antennas which receive said CTS frame;

determine at least one of received signal strength or received signal quality of the received CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas;

select a directional antenna from among the plurality of directional antennas based on the received signal strength for each of the plurality of directional antennas or the determined received signal quality for each of the plurality of directional antennas, the selected directional antenna having at least one of a highest received signal strength of the received CTS frame when said selection is based on the determined received signal strength and having the highest received signal quality when said selection is based on the determined quality of the received CTS frame.

20. The station of claim 19, wherein said at least one integrated circuit is further configured to:

send at least one data frame to the other station via the selected directional antenna.

21. The station of claim 20, wherein said at least one integrated circuit is further configured to:

control said station to switch back to the omni-directional antenna after sending the at least one data frame to the station.

22. The station of claim 19, wherein said at least one integrated circuit is configured to:

determine received signal strength of the CTS frame for each of a plurality of directional antennas; and

select the directional antenna having the highest received signal strength of the CTS frame as part of being configured to select a directional antenna from among the plurality of directional antennas.