NMR flow metering using velocity selection and remote detection
First Claim
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1. A method of estimating a flow rate of a phase of a fluid having a plurality of components, the method comprising:
- using a magnet for polarizing nuclei of the fluid flowing over a plurality of distances wherein a number of the distances is equal to or greater than a number of the components;
measuring a magnetization of the polarized nuclei for each of the plurality of distances for a selected flow velocity;
using the plurality of measured magnetizations for estimating a relative fraction of each of the plurality of components corresponding to the selected velocity;
wherein measuring the magnetization of the polarized nuclei further comprises pulsing a first coil with a tipping pulse, pulsing a second coil with a refocusing pulse, and measuring an echo resulting from the refocusing pulse with a third coil.
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for estimating a flow rate of a phase of a multiphase fluid is disclosed. In the first method, nuclei in the fluid are polarized over two distances and a measured magnetization gives the relative fraction of two components of the fluid for a selected velocity. In the second method, nuclei in the fluid are polarized over a specified distance and measurements of the decay of spin echo signals is used to give the relative fraction of two components of the fluid for the selected velocity.
31 Citations
26 Claims
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1. A method of estimating a flow rate of a phase of a fluid having a plurality of components, the method comprising:
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using a magnet for polarizing nuclei of the fluid flowing over a plurality of distances wherein a number of the distances is equal to or greater than a number of the components; measuring a magnetization of the polarized nuclei for each of the plurality of distances for a selected flow velocity; using the plurality of measured magnetizations for estimating a relative fraction of each of the plurality of components corresponding to the selected velocity; wherein measuring the magnetization of the polarized nuclei further comprises pulsing a first coil with a tipping pulse, pulsing a second coil with a refocusing pulse, and measuring an echo resulting from the refocusing pulse with a third coil. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. An apparatus configured to estimate a flow rate of a phase of a fluid having a plurality of components, the apparatus comprising:
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a magnet configured to polarize nuclei of the fluid flowing over a plurality of distances wherein a number of the distances is equal to or greater than a number of the components; a coil arrangement configured to measure a magnetization of the polarized nuclei for each of the plurality of distances for a selected flow velocity, wherein the coil arrangement further comprises a first coil configured to pulse the polarized nuclei with a tipping pulse, a second coil configured to pulse the polarizing nuclei with a refocusing pulse, and a third coil configured to measure an amplitude of an echo resulting from the refocusing pulse; a processor configured to use the plurality of measured magnetizations to estimate a relative fraction of each of the plurality of components corresponding to the selected velocity. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. A method of estimating a flow rate of a phase of a fluid having a plurality of components, the method comprising:
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using a magnet for polarizing nuclei of the fluid flowing over a selected distance; pulsing the polarized nuclei with a tipping pulse with a first coil, a refocusing pulse with a second coil at a first distance from the first coil, a refocusing pulse with a third coil at a second distance from the first coil, and measuring an echo signal for each of the plurality of distances for a selected flow velocity; using the plurality of echo signals for estimating a relative fraction of each of the plurality of components corresponding to the selected velocity. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. An apparatus configured to estimate a flow rate of a phase of a fluid having a plurality of components, the apparatus comprising:
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a magnet configured to polarize nuclei of the fluid flowing over a selected distance; a first coil arrangement configured to pulse the polarized nuclei with a tipping pulse, a second coil at a first distance from the first coil configured to pulse the polarized nuclei with a refocusing pulse, the third coil at a second distance from the first coil configured to pulse the polarized nuclei with a refocusing pulse, and at least one additional coil configured to measure and echo signal for each of the plurality of distances for a selected flow velocity; and a processor configured to use the plurality of echo signals to estimate a relative fraction of each of the plurality of components corresponding to the selected velocity. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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Specification