Deltacasting for live content

• US 8,639,744 B2
• Filed: 01/08/2010
• Issued: 01/28/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 01/13/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ViaSat Incorporated
• Original Assignee: ViaSat Incorporated
• Inventors: Sebastian, William B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran, Philip B
• Application Number:
  US12/684,648
• Publication Number:
  US 20100281105A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,481 Days
• Field of Search: 709/203, 709/231, 709/238, 709/224
• US Class Current: 709/203
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/185 Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systemsH04B7/204 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/1859 adapted to provide push services, e.g. data channels
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/1863 comprising mechanisms for improved reliability, e.g. status reports arrangements for detecting or preventing errors by carrying supervisory signal the return channel H04L1/16
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/1881 with schedule organisation, e.g. priority, sequence management
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/1886 with traffic restrictions for efficiency improvement, e.g. involving subnets or subdomains
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/7453 using hashing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/70 Admission control; Resource allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/60 Network streaming of media packets
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/611 for multicast or broadcast systems for broadcast or conference H04L12/18; arrangements for broadcast or distribution combined with broadcast H04H20/00; arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time H04H60/00; selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS], H04W4/06
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/01 Protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/10 in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network software deployment G06F8/60; multiprogramming arrangements G06F9/46
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/04 Protocols for data compression, e.g. ROHC
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/22 Parsing or analysis of headers

Abstract

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are provided for improving utilization of a communications system (e.g., a satellite communications system) when handling live content requests. Embodiments use various techniques (e.g., dictionary coding techniques) to create fingerprints of content traversing the links of the communications system. These fingerprints are used to identify and exploit opportunities for using multicasting to share forward-link capacity by collapsing multiple, substantially identical live content session streams into fewer shared session streams (e.g., a single shared session stream).

Claims

1. A method for communicating over a communications system having a communications path between a server side of the communications system and a plurality of clients, the communications path comprising a shared forward link over which bandwidth resources are shared during a multicast communication, the method comprising:

intercepting traffic at the server side of the communications system, the traffic comprising a header portion and a content portion and being part of a first client session stream configured to communicate a content stream comprising the traffic to a first client over the communications path, the server side comprising a global stream model configured to maintain models of active session streams being communicated over the communications path;

generating a fingerprint using byte-level information comprised by the content portion of the traffic;

using the fingerprint to determine whether the traffic matches byte-level information from a second client session stream according to the global stream model, the second client session stream being an active session stream used to communicate the content stream between the server side of the communications system and at least a second client over the communications path;

when the traffic matches the byte-level information from the second client session stream according to the global stream model, configuring a shared session stream to multicast at least a portion of the content stream from the server side of the communications system to the first client and the second client over the communications path;

intercepting shared traffic associated with the shared session stream at the server side of the communications system; and

when the shared traffic has been previously communicated to the first client according to the client stream model, compressing the shared traffic using the client stream model, and communicating the compressed shared traffic from the server side of the communications system to the first client over the communications path.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

multicasting the at least a portion of the content stream over the shared session stream from the server side of the communications system to the first client and the second client.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein:

configuring the shared session stream to multicast at least the portion of the content stream from the server side of the communications system to the first client and the second client over the communications path comprises associating a content stream identifier with at least the portion of the content stream being communicated as part of the shared session stream; and

multicasting the at least a portion of the content stream over the shared session stream from the server side of the communications system to the first client and the second client comprises directing the first client and the second client to accept traffic associated with the content stream identifier.

4. The method of claim 1,

wherein the content stream comprises live content.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

storing a representation of the traffic in the global stream model.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

storing a representation of the traffic in a client stream model configured to maintain a model of content being communicated to the first client as part of the shared session stream.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

after configuring the shared session stream;

intercepting shared traffic associated with the shared session stream at the server side of the communications system;

generating a second fingerprint using byte-level information comprised by a content portion of the shared traffic;

using the second fingerprint to determine whether the shared traffic has been previously communicated to the first client according to the client stream model; and

when the shared traffic has not been previously communicated to the first client according to the client stream model, multicasting the shared traffic over the shared session stream.

8. The method of claim 6,

wherein the representation of the traffic is stored in the client stream model without verification that the traffic was successfully received by the first client.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the fingerprint comprises:

applying a hashing function to the byte-level information comprised by the content portion of the traffic.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

when the traffic does not match the byte-level information from the second client session stream according to the global stream model, communicating the traffic using the first client session stream from the server side of the communications system to the first client over the communications path.

11. The method of claim 1,

wherein the content stream comprises live content.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the communications path comprises a satellite link.

13. A server system for communicating over a communications system having a communications path between a server side of the communications system and a plurality of clients, the communications path comprising a shared forward link over which bandwidth resources are shared during a multicast communication, the server system comprising:

at least one processor and at least one memory;

a modeling module, stored in the at least one memory, which, when executed, causes the at least one processor to maintain a global stream model configured to represent models of active session streams being communicated over the communications path;

a server optimization module, stored in the at least one memory, which, when executed, causes the at least one processor to;

intercept traffic at the server side of the communications system, the traffic comprising a header portion and a content portion and being part of a first client session stream configured to communicate a content stream comprising the traffic to a first client over the communications path;

generate a fingerprint using byte-level information comprised by the content portion of the traffic; and

use the fingerprint to determine whether the traffic matches byte-level information from a second client session stream according to the global stream model, the second client session stream being an active session stream used to communicate the content stream between the server side of the communications system and at least a second client over the communications path; and

a stream management module, stored in the at least one memory, which, when executed, causes the at least one processor to;

configure a shared session stream to multicast at least a portion of the content stream from the server side of the communications system to the first client and the second client over the communications path when the traffic matches the byte-level information from the second client session stream according to the global stream model;

intercepting shared traffic associated with the shared session stream at the server side of the communications system; and

when the shared traffic has been previously communicated to the first client according to the client stream model, compress the shared traffic using the client stream model, and communicate the compressed shared traffic from the server side of the communications system to the first client over the communications path.

14. The server system of claim 13, wherein the stream management module is further configured to:

multicast the at least a portion of the content stream over the shared session stream from the server side of the communications system to the first client and the second client.

15. The server system of claim 14, wherein the stream management module is further configured to:

configure the shared session stream to multicast at least the portion of the content stream from the server side of the communications system to the first client and the second client over the communications path by associating a content stream identifier with at least the portion of the content stream being communicated as part of the shared session stream; and

multicast the at least a portion of the content stream over the shared session stream from the server side of the communications system to the first client and the second client by directing the first client and the second client to accept traffic associated with the content stream identifier.

16. The server system of claim 13, wherein the modeling module is further configured to maintain the global stream model by:

when the traffic matches the byte-level information from the second client session stream according to the global stream model, storing a representation of the traffic in the global stream model.

17. The server system of claim 13, wherein the modeling module is further configured to:

maintain a client stream model by storing a representation of the traffic in the client stream model when the traffic is communicated to the first client.

18. The server system of claim 17, wherein:

the server optimization module is further configured, after the stream management module configures the shared session stream, to;

intercept shared traffic associated with the shared session stream;

generate a second fingerprint using byte-level information comprised by a content portion of the shared traffic; and

use the second fingerprint to determine whether the shared traffic has previously been communicated to the first client according to the client stream model; and

the stream management module is further configured to;

multicast the shared traffic over the shared session stream when the shared traffic has not been previously communicated to the first client according to the client stream model.

19. The server system of claim 17, wherein the modeling module is further configured to:

store the representation of the traffic in the client stream model without verification that the traffic was successfully received by the first client.

20. The server system of claim 13, wherein the server optimization module is configured to generate the fingerprint by:

applying a hashing function to the byte-level information comprised by the content portion of the traffic.

21. A non-transitory machine-readable medium for handling communicating over a communications system having a communications path between a server side of the communications system and a plurality of clients, the communications path comprising a shared forward link over which bandwidth resources are shared during a multicast communication, the machine-readable medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform steps comprising:

intercepting traffic at the server side of the communications system, the traffic comprising a header portion and a content portion and being part of a first client session stream configured to communicate a content stream comprising the traffic to a first client over the communications path, the server side comprising a global stream model configured to maintain models of active session streams being communicated over the communications path;

generating a fingerprint using byte-level information comprised by the content portion of the traffic;

using the fingerprint to determine whether the traffic matches byte-level information from a second client session stream according to the global stream model, the second client session stream being an active session stream used to communicate the content stream between the server side of the communications system and at least a second client over the communications path;

when the traffic matches the byte-level information from the second client session stream according to the global stream model, configuring a shared session stream to multicast at least a portion of the content stream from the server side of the communications system to the first client and the second client over the communications path;

intercepting shared traffic associated with the shared session stream at the server side of the communications system; and

when the shared traffic has been communicated to the first client according to the client stream model, compressing the shared traffic using the client stream model, and communicating the compressed shared traffic from the server side of the communications system to the first client over the communications path.

22. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 21, the instructions stored thereon, when executed by the machine, causing the machine to perform steps further comprising:

multicasting the at least a portion of the content stream over the shared session stream from the server side of the communications system to the first client and the second client.

23. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 21, the instructions stored thereon, when executed by the machine, causing the machine to perform steps further comprising:

storing a representation of the traffic in a client stream model configured to maintain a model of content being communicated as part of the first client session stream.

24. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 23, the instructions stored thereon, when executed by the machine, causing the machine to perform steps further comprising:

after configuring the shared session stream;

intercepting shared traffic associated with the shared session stream at the server side of the communications system;

generating a second fingerprint using byte-level information comprised by a content portion of the shared traffic;

using the second fingerprint to determine whether the shared traffic has been communicated to the first client according to the client stream model; and

when the shared traffic has not been communicated to the first client according to the client stream model, multicasting the shared traffic over the shared session stream.

25. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 21, the instructions stored thereon, when executed by the machine, causing the machine to perform the step of generating the fingerprint by:

applying a hashing function to the byte-level information comprised by the content portion of the traffic.