Method for offshore liquefaction

• US 8,646,289 B1
• Filed: 09/24/2013
• Issued: 02/11/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 03/20/2013
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Flng, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Flng, LLC
• Inventors: Shivers, Robert Magee III, Michel, Richard Paul, Morris, Marcus LaRoy, Baudat, Ned Phillip, Kolb, Norman Paul
• Primary Examiner(s): Jules, Frantz F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): RAYMOND, KEITH MICHAEL
• Application Number:
  US14/035,642
• Time in Patent Office: 140 Days
• Field of Search: 62/523, 626/06, 626/11, 626/13, 62/451, 62/501, 62/502, 114/230.14, 114/230.17, 114/387
• US Class Current: 62/611
• CPC Class Codes: B63B 21/507 with mooring turrets
• CPC Class Codes: B63B 22/021 and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids container type buoys having means to selectively release contents, not adapted for mooring a vessel B63B22/26
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2201/0128 spherical or elliptical
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2260/016 Preventing slosh
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0105 Ships
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0022 Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0042 by liquid expansion with extraction of work
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/005 by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0052 by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0072 Nitrogen
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0095 Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0205 as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0259 Modularity and arrangement of parts of the liquefaction unit and in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0278 Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0281 characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0283 Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0288 using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0289 Use of different types of prime drivers of at least two refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0294 Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2230/22 Compressor driver arrangement, e.g. power supply by motor, gas or steam turbine
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2230/30 : Compression of the feed stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2240/80 : Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/16 : with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2290/60 : Details about pipelines, i.e. network, for feed or product distribution

Abstract

A method for offshore liquefaction of natural gas and transport of produced liquefied natural gas using a floating production storage and offloading vessel, fluidly connected with a flexible conduit to a moored floating disconnectable turret which can be connected and reconnected to a liquefaction vessel with onboard liquefaction unit powered by a dual fuel diesel electric main power plant of the liquefied natural gas transport vessel.

Claims

1. A method for processing natural gas from an offshore well that improves fuel efficiency of a dual nitrogen expansion process for liquefying natural gas offshore, the method comprising:

a. connecting a subsea well to a moored floating production storage and offloading vessel using a riser;

b. receiving well gas from one or more subsea wells and combining the well gas in a primary processing unit mounted on the moored floating production storage and offloading vessel;

c. separating condensate from the combined gas to produce a high pressure flash gas stream, a wet low pressure natural gas stream, and a wet intermediate pressure natural gas stream, then dehydrating the separated wet condensate and transferring removed water for treatment and disposal;

d. fractionating and stabilizing the dry condensate and transferring stabilized condensate to storage on the floating production storage and offloading vessel;

e. compressing the wet low pressure and wet intermediate pressure natural gas streams which are then combined with the high pressure flash gas;

f. transferring the high pressure flash gas to a gas treatment unit to create a feed gas by removing acid gases (CO₂ &

H₂S), water, and heavy hydrocarbon components (C5+);

g. compressing the feed gas with a natural gas export compressor and transfer a high pressure feed gas to a carbon dioxide refrigeration unit to reduce its temperature, forming pre-cooled high pressure feed gas;

h. transferring the pre-cooled high pressure feed gas to a disconnectable turret which transfers the pre-cooled high pressure feed gas to a liquefaction unit on a liquefied natural gas transport vessel;

i. using a heat exchanger to liquefy and condense the pre-cooled high pressure feed gas forming a liquefied high pressure gas stream;

j. expanding the liquefied high pressure gas stream through a liquid expander forming a low pressure liquefied natural gas stream;

k. using a warm loop nitrogen expander to receive cooled warm loop gas from the heat exchanger and form warm loop nitrogen refrigerant which is flowed to the heat exchanger and warmed in the heat exchanger forming warm loop nitrogen gas;

l. using a cold loop nitrogen expander to receive cooled cold loop nitrogen from the heat exchanger and form cold loop nitrogen stream refrigerant which is flowed to the heat exchanger and warmed in the heat exchanger forming cold loop low pressure nitrogen gas which is then combined with warm loop low pressure nitrogen gas to make combined low pressure nitrogen gas;

m. using a warm loop nitrogen compressor connected to the warm loop nitrogen expander to receive most of the combined low pressure nitrogen gas as a first stream which flows into the warm loop nitrogen compressor forming a warm loop intermediate pressure nitrogen gas;

n. using a cold loop nitrogen compressor connected to the cold loop nitrogen expander to receive the balance of the combined low pressure nitrogen gas as a second stream, and form a cold loop intermediate pressure nitrogen gas;

o. combining a warm loop intermediate pressure nitrogen gas with cold loop intermediate pressure nitrogen gas forming a combined intermediate pressure nitrogen gas;

p. using a nitrogen compressor to compress a combined intermediate pressure nitrogen gas forming high pressure nitrogen gas wherein the nitrogen compressor is powered by an electric motor;

q. connecting the electric motor to the dual fuel diesel electric main power plant;

r. splitting the high pressure nitrogen gas into warm loop high pressure nitrogen gas and cold loop high pressure nitrogen gas, where both the warm loop high pressure nitrogen gas and the cold loop high pressure nitrogen gas are simultaneously flowed to the heat exchanger; and

s. disconnecting the liquefaction vessel from the disconnectable turret when it is sufficiently loaded and moving the liquefaction vessel to a transfer terminal for offloading.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a processor in communication with a helm to communicate to a network to communicate with a remote processor to enable remote monitoring of the processing of the natural gas.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a turret receptacle and a means to recover and latch onto the disconnectable turret incorporated into the liquefied natural gas transport vessel.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbon dioxide refrigeration unit that produces pre-cooled high pressure feed gas from high pressure feed gas of the gas treatment unit comprises:

an evaporator;

a carbon dioxide compressor;

a condenser and an expansion valve connected in series.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising using at least two articulated arms connected to a transfer terminal for offloading from one of the transport vessels to a trading tanker for moving the liquefied natural gas to market.