Methods, systems and apparatus for implementing dithering in motor drive system for controlling operation of an electric machine

• US 8,649,887 B2
• Filed: 05/22/2012
• Issued: 02/11/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 05/22/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Schulz, Steven E., Grimmer, Michael J., Majarov, Konstantin S., Cawthorne, William R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Padmanabhan, Kavita
• Assistant Examiner(s): SCAPIN, MICHAEL JOSEPH
• Application Number:
  US13/477,275
• Publication Number:
  US 20130317630A1
• Time in Patent Office: 630 Days
• Field of Search: 700/73
• US Class Current: 700/73
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 11/06 for controlling dynamo-electric converters having an ac output
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 23/04 specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 27/085 wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, systems and apparatus for implementing dithering in motor drive system for controlling operation of a multi-phase electric machine.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

iteratively executing a slow-rate task processing loop that executes at a relatively slow-rate during a first task processing period (T_TASK2), wherein the step of iteratively executing the slow-rate task processing loop comprises;

computing, once during each first task processing period (T_TASK2), an average switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

avg</sub>) and a dither span frequency (f_span), wherein the dither span frequency (f_span) corresponds to an amount of frequency variation allowed when dithering switching frequency (f_SW) to generate switching signals that are applied to an inverter module;

iteratively executing an intermediate-rate task processing loop that executes at an intermediate-rate during a second task processing period (T_TASK1), wherein the relatively slow-rate is less than the intermediate-rate,

iteratively executing a fast-rate task processing loop that executes at a relatively fast-rate during a third task processing period (T_Task0), wherein the intermediate-rate is less than the relatively fast-rate;

wherein iteratively executing an intermediate-rate task processing loop, comprises;

computing, at the intermediate-rate (T_TASK1) during execution of intermediate-rate task processing loop;

a pseudo-random number (K_rand), and a new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) based on the average switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

avg</sub>), the dither span frequency (f_span) and a scaled version of the pseudo-random number (K_rand); and

regularly and consecutively re-initializing time-dependent parameter values used during the fast-rate task processing based on the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) so that all of the time-dependent parameter values used during the fast-rate task processing have been updated with correct values representative of the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>),

wherein iteratively executing the fast-rate task processing loop comprises;

executing a pre-fast-rate task processing loop of the fast-rate task processing loop, wherein the pseudo-random number (K_rand) and the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) are computed prior to the execution of the pre-fast-rate task processing loop; and

executing a post-fast-rate task processing loop of the fast-rate task processing loop.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of iteratively executing an intermediate-rate task processing loop further comprises:

setting a flag variable to true after computing the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) to signal that the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) is ready to be used by the fast-rate task processing loop.

3. A method according to claim 2, further comprising:

configuring a first double-buffer to hold a first set of parameter values, wherein the first double-buffer comprises;

a first page comprising;

a plurality of first elements, wherein each one of the first elements is configured to hold one of a first plurality of parameter values, wherein each one of the first plurality of parameter values corresponds a first value for a particular time-dependent parameter; and

a second page comprising;

a plurality of second elements, wherein each one of the second elements is configured to hold one of a second plurality of parameter values, wherein each one of the second plurality of parameter values corresponds to a second value for one of the particular time-dependent parameters.

4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the time-dependent parameters are used by motor control modules, and are a function of switching frequency (f_SW).

5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the step of executing the pre-fast-rate task processing loop of the fast-rate task processing loop, comprises:

toggling a value of a first index once every second task processing period (T_Task1) during pre-fast-rate task processing such that a first pointer alternately points to the first page or the second page such that the first elements of the first page and the second elements of the second page are configured, depending on the value of the first index at a particular time, to alternately hold;

new parameter values for the time-dependent parameters that are being updated for future use by motor control modules based upon the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>), wherein the new parameter values reflect the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) that will be applied for the fast-rate task processing during a next third task processing period (T_Task0);

or

current parameter values for the time-dependent parameters that are used by the fast-rate task processing loop and used by the motor control modules at a current instant of time, wherein the current parameter values reflect the current actual instantaneous switching frequency (f_SW) that will be applied for the fast-rate task processing during a current third task processing period (T_Task0).

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the step of iteratively executing the fast-rate task processing loop, comprises:

determining that a new intermediate-rate of the second task processing period (T_Task1) has been initiated,

wherein the step of iteratively executing the intermediate-rate task processing loop further comprises;

updating the new parameter values for the time-dependent parameters based upon the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>); and

when updating of the new parameter values is complete;

wherein the step of iteratively executing the fast-rate task processing loop further comprises;

changing the current actual switching frequency to the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>); and

then toggling the value of the first index.

7. A method according to claim 3, wherein the step of executing the pre-fast-rate task processing loop of the fast-rate task processing loop, comprises:

determining if the flag variable is set to true; and

when the flag variable is determined to be set to true;

toggling the value of the first index to change a first pointer to the double buffer so that the first pointer points to the opposite page that it was previously pointing to; and

generating a frequency change command that goes to hardware to change the current actual switching frequency (f_SW) to the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>).

8. A method according to claim 3, further comprising:

configuring a second double-buffer to hold a second set of parameter values for the time-dependent parameters, the second set of parameter values different than first plurality of parameter values for the time-dependent parameters, the second double-buffer comprising;

a third page comprising;

a plurality of third elements, wherein each one of the third elements is configured to hold one of a third plurality of parameter values, wherein each one of the third plurality of parameter values corresponds a first value for a particular time-dependent parameter;

a fourth page comprising;

a plurality of fourth elements, wherein each one of the fourth elements is configured to hold one of a fourth plurality of parameter values, wherein each one of the fourth plurality of parameter values corresponds to a second value for one of the particular time-dependent parameters;

wherein the step of executing the post-fast-rate task processing loop, comprises;

determining if the flag variable is set to true; and

when the flag variable is determined to be set to true;

updating a variable in software that stores the current actual switching frequency (f_SW) with the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) and then setting the flag variable to false; and

toggling, after the flag variable is set to false, a value of a second index at the intermediate-rate such that a second pointer alternately points to the third page or the fourth page once every second task processing period (T_Task1).

9. A method according to claim 1, wherein fast-rate task processing is non-interruptible by the intermediate-rate task processing and the slow-rate task processing, and wherein intermediate-rate task processing is non-interruptible by the slow-rate task processing and is interruptible by the fast-rate task processing, wherein the slow-rate task processing is interruptible by the fast-rate task processing and the intermediate-rate task processing.

10. A system, comprising:

a processor;

a memory, coupled to the processor, the memory comprising a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium comprising a plurality of software modules executable by the processor, the plurality of software modules comprising;

a slow-rate task processor module that is configured to iteratively execute slow-rate task processing during a slow-rate task processing loop that executes at a relatively slow-rate during a first task processing period (T_TASK2), wherein the slow-rate task processor module comprises;

a first computation module that computes, once during each first task processing period (T_TASK2), an average switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

avg</sub>) and a dither span frequency (f_span) that corresponds to an amount of frequency variation allowed when dithering switching frequency (f_SW);

an intermediate-rate task processor module that is configured to iteratively execute intermediate-rate task processing during an intermediate-rate task processing loop that executes at an intermediate-rate during a second task processing period (T_TASK1), wherein the relatively slow-rate is less than the intermediate-rate; and

a fast-rate task processor module that is configured to iteratively execute fast-rate task processing during a fast-rate task processing loop that executes at a relatively fast-rate during a third task processing period (T_Task0), wherein the intermediate-rate is less than the relatively fast-rate, and

wherein the intermediate-rate task processor module, comprises;

a second computation module that is configured to compute, at the intermediate-rate (T_TASK1) during execution of intermediate-rate task processing loop;

a pseudo-random number (K_rand), and a new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) based on the average switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

avg</sub>), the dither span frequency (f_span) and a scaled version of the pseudo-random number (K_rand); and

a parameter re-initialization module that regularly and consecutively re-initializes time-dependent parameter values that will be used by the fast-rate task processor, based on the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>),

wherein the fast-rate task processing loop comprises;

a pre-fast-rate task processor module that is configured to execute pre-fast-rate task processing during a pre-fast-rate task processing loop of the fast-rate task processing loop, wherein the second computation module is configured to compute the pseudo-random number (K_rand) and the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) prior to the execution of the pre-fast-rate task processing loop; and

a post-fast-rate task processor module that is configured to execute post-fast-rate task processing during a post-fast-rate task processing loop of the fast-rate task processing loop.

11. A system according to claim 10, wherein the intermediate-rate task processor module further comprises:

a flag variable control module that is configured to set a flag variable to true after the second computation module computes the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>), wherein the time-dependent parameter values are re-initialized prior to setting the flag variable to true.

12. A system according to claim 11, further comprising:

a first double-buffer that is configured to hold a first set of parameter values, comprising;

a first page comprising;

a plurality of first elements, wherein each one of the first elements is configured to hold one of a first plurality of parameter values, wherein each one of the first plurality of parameter values corresponds a first value for a particular time-dependent parameter; and

a second page comprising;

a plurality of second elements, wherein each one of the second elements is configured to hold one of a second plurality of parameter values, wherein each one of the second plurality of parameter values corresponds to a second value for one of the particular time-dependent parameters.

13. A system according to claim 12, wherein the time-dependent parameters are used by motor control modules, and wherein the time-dependent parameters are a function of switching frequency (f_SW) and sensitive to errors in the switching frequency (f_SW).

14. A system according to claim 12, wherein the fast-rate task processor module toggles a value of a first index once every second task processing period (T_Task1) during fast-rate task processing such that a first pointer alternately points to the first page or the second page, and wherein the first elements of the first page and the second elements of the second page are configured, depending on the value of the first index at a particular time, to alternately hold:

new parameter values for the time-dependent parameters that are being updated by the parameter re-initialization module of the intermediate-rate task processor module for future use by motor control modules based upon the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) that was computed by the second computation module, wherein the new parameter values reflect the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) that will be applied for the fast-rate task processing during a next third task processing period (T_Task0);

or

current parameter values for the time-dependent that are used by the motor control modules at the fast-rate task processor module at a current instant of time, wherein the current parameter values reflect the current actual instantaneous switching frequency (f_SW) that will be applied for the fast-rate task processing during a current third task processing period (T_Task0).

15. A system according to claim 14, when the fast-rate task processor module determines that a new intermediate-rate of the second task processing period (T_Task1) has been initiated,

wherein the intermediate-rate task processor module updates the new parameter values for the time-dependent parameters based upon the new instantaneous switching frequency (f_SW—

_new) that was computed by the second computation module, and

when updating of the new parameter values is complete, where the fast-rate task processor module changes the current actual switching frequency to the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>), and then toggles the value of the first index.

16. A system according to claim 12, wherein setting the flag variable to true signals the fast-rate task processor that the new instantaneous switching frequency (f_SW—

_new) is ready to be used at the fast-rate task processor during fast-rate task processing, wherein the pre-fast-rate task processor module, comprises;

a first check module that is configured to check the flag variable to determine if the flag variable is set to true; and

a first toggle module that is configured to toggle, when the flag variable is determined to be set to true, the value of the first index to change a first pointer to the first double buffer so that the first pointer points to the opposite page that it was previously pointing to;

a command generation module that is configured to generate a frequency change command that goes to hardware to change the current actual switching frequency (f_SW) to the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>) when the flag variable is determined to be set to true.

17. A system according to claim 16, wherein the first double-buffer is a first double-buffer, and further comprising:

a second double-buffer that is configured to hold a second set of parameter values different than first plurality of parameter values for the time-dependent parameters, comprising;

a third page comprising;

a plurality of third elements, wherein each one of the third elements is configured to hold one of a third plurality of parameter values, wherein each one of the third plurality of parameter values corresponds a first value for a particular parameter;

a fourth page comprising;

a plurality of fourth elements, wherein each one of the fourth elements is configured to hold one of a fourth plurality of parameter values, wherein each one of the fourth plurality of parameter values corresponds to a second value for one of the particular parameters,

wherein the fast-rate task processor module toggles a value of a second index at the intermediate-rate during fast-rate task processing such that a second pointer alternately points to the third page or the fourth page once every second task processing period (T_task1).

18. A system according to claim 17, wherein the post-fast-rate task processor module, comprises:

a second check module that is configured to check the flag variable to determine if the flag variable is set to true; and

an updating module that is configured to update, when the flag variable is determined to be set to true, a variable in software that stores the current actual switching frequency (f_SW) with the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>);

a module that is configured to set the flag variable to false after the variable in software that stores the current actual switching frequency (f_SW) is updated with the new instantaneous switching frequency (f<sub>SW—

new</sub>);

a second toggle module that is configured to toggle, after the flag variable is set to false, the value of the second index at the intermediate-rate during fast-rate task processing such that the second pointer alternately points to the third page or the fourth page once every second task processing period (T_task1).

19. A system according to claim 10, wherein fast-rate task processing is non-interruptible by the intermediate-rate task processing and the slow-rate task processing, and wherein intermediate-rate task processing is non-interruptible by the slow-rate task processing and is interruptible by the fast-rate task processing, and wherein the slow-rate task processing is interruptible by the fast-rate task processing and the intermediate-rate task processing.