Coding method, decoding method, and apparatuses, programs and recording media therefor

• US 8,653,991 B2
• Filed: 07/29/2011
• Issued: 02/18/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 12/11/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
• Original Assignee: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
• Inventors: Harada, Noboru, Moriya, Takehiro, Kamamoto, Yutaka
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Khai M
• Application Number:
  US13/194,549
• Publication Number:
  US 20110282657A1
• Time in Patent Office: 935 Days
• Field of Search: 341/51, 341/107
• US Class Current: 341/50
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/04 using predictive techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/06 Determination or coding of the spectral characteristics, e.g. of the short-term prediction coefficients

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to achieve high coding efficiency for a companded signal sequence and reduce the amount of codes. A coding method according to the present invention includes an analysis step and a signal sequence transformation step. The analysis step is to check whether or not there is a number that is included in a particular range but does not occur in a second signal sequence (a number sequence that indicates the magnitude (magnitude relationship) of original signals) and output information that indicates the number that does not occur. The signal sequence transformation step is to output a transformed second signal sequence (which is formed by assigning new numbers to indicate the magnitudes of original signals (the magnitude relationship among original signals) excluding the magnitude of the original signal indicated by the number that does not occur and replacing the numbers in the second signal sequence with the newly assigned numbers) in the case where it is determined in the analysis step that there is a number that does not occur. The particular range is defined as a number that indicates a positive value having a minimum absolute value and a number that indicates a negative value having a minimum absolute value, for example.

Claims

1. A coding method that codes a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising;

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

a signal sequence transformation step of

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers;

a prediction analysis step of performing a prediction analysis of said transformed second signal sequence to determine prediction coefficients;

a quantization step of quantizing said prediction coefficients to determine quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value calculation step of determining a transformed second predicted value sequence, which is a result of prediction of the transformed second signal sequence, using a previous transformed second signal sequence and said quantized prediction coefficients;

a subtraction step of determining a prediction residual sequence between said transformed second predicted value sequence and said transformed second signal sequence;

a coefficients coding step of coding said quantized prediction coefficients; and

a residual coding step of coding said prediction residual sequence.

7. The coding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a number sequence based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 corresponding to the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value is 0xFF and a number sequence based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 corresponding to the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value is a number 0x7F, in the hexadecimal expression, and

a number sequence based on the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711 corresponding to the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value is 0x80 or 0xD5 and a number sequence based on the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711 corresponding to the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value is a number 0x00 or 0x55, in the hexadecimal expression.

17. A computer-readable recording medium readable by a computer, on which a program for making the computer to execute each of the steps of the methods according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or 8 to 10.

2. A coding method that codes a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising;

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

a signal sequence transformation step of

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers;

a prediction analysis step of performing a prediction analysis of said second signal sequence to determine prediction coefficients;

a quantization step of quantizing said prediction coefficients to determine quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value calculation step of determining a second predicted value sequence, which is a result of prediction of the second signal sequence, using a previous second signal sequence and said quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value sequence transformation step of transforming said second predicted value sequence in the manner of transforming the second signal sequence into the transformed second signal sequence in said signal sequence transformation step to determine a transformed second predicted value sequence;

a subtraction step of determining a prediction residual sequence between said transformed second predicted value sequence and said transformed second signal sequence;

a coefficients coding step of coding said quantized prediction coefficients; and

a residual coding step of coding said prediction residual sequence.

3. A coding method that codes a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising;

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

a signal sequence transformation step of

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers;

a conversion step of converting said second signal sequence according to a predetermined rule to determine a converted signal sequence;

a prediction analysis step of performing a prediction analysis of said converted signal sequence to determine prediction coefficients;

a quantization step of quantizing said prediction coefficients to determine quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value calculation step of determining a converted predicted value sequence, which is a result of prediction of the converted signal sequence, using said converted signal sequence and said quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value sequence transformation step of performing an inverse conversion according to said predetermined rule on said converted predicted value sequence to determine a second predicted value sequence, transforming the second predicted value sequence in the manner of transforming the second signal sequence into the transformed second signal sequence in said signal sequence transformation step, and outputting the transformed second predicted value sequence;

a subtraction step of determining a prediction residual sequence between said transformed second predicted value sequence and said transformed second signal sequence;

a coefficients coding step of coding said quantized prediction coefficients; and

a residual coding step of coding said prediction residual sequence.

4. A coding method that codes a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising;

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

a signal sequence transformation step of

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers;

a quantization prediction step of determining quantized prediction coefficients associated with said transformed second signal sequence and a prediction residual sequence, which is a residual of prediction of said transformed second signal sequence using said quantized prediction coefficients;

a coefficients coding step of coding said quantized prediction coefficients; and

a residual coding step of coding said prediction residual sequence.

5. A coding method that codes a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising;

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

a signal sequence transformation step of

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers;

a quantization prediction step of determining quantized prediction coefficients associated with said second signal sequence and a second predicted value sequence, which is a result of prediction of said second signal sequence using said quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value sequence transformation step of transforming said second predicted value sequence in the manner of transforming the second signal sequence into the transformed second signal sequence in said signal sequence transformation step to determine a transformed second predicted value sequence;

a subtraction step of determining a prediction residual sequence between said transformed second predicted value sequence and said transformed second signal sequence;

a coefficients coding step of coding said quantized prediction coefficients; and

a residual coding step of coding said prediction residual sequence.

6. A coding method that codes a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising;

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

a signal sequence transformation step of

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers;

a conversion step of converting said second signal sequence according to a predetermined rule to determine a converted signal sequence;

a quantization prediction step of determining quantized prediction coefficients associated with said converted signal sequence and a converted predicted value sequence, which is a result of prediction of said converted signal sequence using said quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value sequence transformation step of performing an inverse conversion according to said predetermined rule on said converted predicted value sequence to determine a second predicted value sequence, transforming the second predicted value sequence in the manner of transforming the second signal sequence into the transformed second signal sequence in said signal sequence transformation step, and outputting the transformed second predicted value sequence;

a subtraction step of determining a prediction residual sequence between said transformed second predicted value sequence and said transformed second signal sequence;

a coefficients coding step of coding said quantized prediction coefficients; and

a residual coding step of coding said prediction residual sequence.

8. A decoding method that decodes an input code into a number sequence, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising:

a residual decoding step of determining a prediction residual sequence from a prediction residual code;

a coefficients decoding step of determining quantized prediction coefficients from a prediction coefficients code;

a prediction value calculation step of determining a transformed second predicted value sequence, using the signal sequence decoded from a received code, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, and said quantized prediction coefficients, the transformed second predicted value sequence being a result of prediction of the transformed second signal sequence;

an addition step of summing said transformed second predicted value sequence and said prediction residual sequence to determine said transformed second signal sequence; and

a signal sequence inverse transformation step of transforming said transformed second signal sequence into said second signal sequence using information that indicates a number which does not occur, in the case where there is a number that does not occur,

wherein said second signal sequence is a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711,

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

said information that indicates the number which does not occur is information that indicates one of cases where

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence,

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, and

one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence,

said transformed second predicted value sequence is

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers.

9. A decoding method that decodes an input code into a number sequence, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising:

a residual decoding step of determining a prediction residual sequence from a prediction residual code;

a coefficients decoding step of determining quantized prediction coefficients from a prediction coefficients code;

a predicted value calculation step of determining a second predicted value sequence, which is a result of prediction of the second signal sequence, using the decoded second signal sequence and said quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value sequence transformation step of determining a transformed second predicted value sequence by performing, on said second predicted value sequence, an inverse transformation of a transformation performed in signal sequence inverse transformation step using information that indicates the number that does not occur;

an addition step of summing said transformed second predicted value sequence and said prediction residual sequence to determine a transformed second signal sequence; and

a signal sequence inverse transformation step of transforming said transformed second signal sequence into said second signal sequence using information that indicates a number which does not occur, in the case where there is a number that does not occur,

wherein said second signal sequence is a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711,

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

said information that indicates the number which does not occur is information that indicates one of cases where

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence,

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, and

one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence,

said transformed second predicted value sequence is

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers.

10. A decoding method that decodes an input code into a number sequence, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising:

a residual decoding step of determining a prediction residual sequence from a prediction residual code;

a coefficients decoding step of determining quantized prediction coefficients from a prediction coefficients code;

a conversion step of converting the decoded second signal sequence according to a predetermined rule to determine a converted signal sequence;

a predicted value calculation step of determining a converted predicted value sequence, which is a result of prediction of the converted signal sequence, using said converted signal sequence and said quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value sequence transformation step of determining a second predicted value sequence by performing an inverse transformation according to said predetermined rule on said converted predicted value sequence using information that indicates the number that does not occur and determining a transformed second predicted value sequence by performing, on the second predicted value sequence, an inverse transformation of the transformation performed in a signal sequence inverse transformation step;

an addition step of summing said transformed second predicted value sequence and said prediction residual sequence to determine a transformed second signal sequence; and

a signal sequence inverse transformation step of transforming said transformed second signal sequence into said second signal sequence using information that indicates a number which does not occur, in the case where there is a number that does not occur,

wherein said second signal sequence is a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711,

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

said information that indicates the number which does not occur is information that indicates one of cases where

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence,

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, and

one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence,

said transformed second predicted value sequence is

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers.

11. A coding apparatus that codes a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising;

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

a signal sequence transformation part

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers;

a quantization prediction part determining quantized prediction coefficients associated with said transformed second signal sequence and a prediction residual sequence, which is a residual of prediction of said transformed second signal sequence using said quantized prediction coefficients;

a coefficients coding part coding said quantized prediction coefficients; and

a residual coding part coding said prediction residual sequence.

12. A coding apparatus that codes a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising;

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

a signal sequence transformation part

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers;

a quantization prediction part determining quantized prediction coefficients associated with said second signal sequence and a second predicted value sequence, which is a result of prediction of said second signal sequence using said quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value sequence transformation part transforming said second predicted value sequence in the manner of transforming the second signal sequence into the transformed second signal sequence in said signal sequence transformation part to determine a transformed second predicted value sequence;

a subtraction part determining a prediction residual sequence between said transformed second predicted value sequence and said transformed second signal sequence;

a coefficients coding part coding said quantized prediction coefficients; and

a residual coding part coding said prediction residual sequence.

13. A coding apparatus that codes a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising;

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

a signal sequence transformation part

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers and outputting a number sequence formed thereby, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers;

a conversion part converting said second signal sequence according to a predetermined rule to determine a converted signal sequence;

a quantization prediction part determining quantized prediction coefficients associated with said converted signal sequence and a converted predicted value sequence, which is a result of prediction of said converted signal sequence using said quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value sequence transformation part performing an inverse conversion according to said predetermined rule on said converted predicted value sequence to determine a second predicted value sequence, transforming the second predicted value sequence in the manner of transforming the second signal sequence into the transformed second signal sequence in said signal sequence transformation part, and outputting the transformed second predicted value sequence;

a subtraction part determining a prediction residual sequence between said transformed second predicted value sequence and said transformed second signal sequence;

a coefficients coding part coding said quantized prediction coefficients; and

a residual coding part coding said prediction residual sequence.

14. A decoding apparatus that decodes an input code into a number sequence, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising:

a residual decoding part determining a prediction residual sequence from a prediction residual code;

a coefficients decoding part determining quantized prediction coefficients from a prediction coefficients code;

a prediction value calculation part determining a transformed second predicted value sequence, using the signal sequence decoded from a received code, referred to as a transformed second signal sequence hereinafter, and said quantized prediction coefficients, the transformed second predicted value sequence being a result of prediction of the transformed second signal sequence;

an addition part summing said transformed second predicted value sequence and said prediction residual sequence to determine said transformed second signal sequence; and

a signal sequence inverse transformation part transforming said transformed second signal sequence into said second signal sequence using information that indicates a number which does not occur, in the case where there is a number that does not occur,

wherein said second signal sequence is a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711,

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

said information that indicates the number which does not occur is information that indicates one of cases where

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence,

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, and

one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence,

said transformed second predicted value sequence is

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers.

15. A decoding apparatus that decodes an input code into a number sequence, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising:

a residual decoding part determining a prediction residual sequence from a prediction residual code;

a coefficients decoding part determining quantized prediction coefficients from a prediction coefficients code;

a predicted value calculation part determining a second predicted value sequence, which is a result of prediction of the second signal sequence, using the decoded second signal sequence and said quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value sequence transformation part determining a transformed second predicted value sequence by performing, on said second predicted value sequence, an inverse transformation of a transformation performed in signal sequence inverse transformation part using information that indicates the number that does not occur;

an addition part summing said transformed second predicted value sequence and said prediction residual sequence to determine a transformed second signal sequence; and

a signal sequence inverse transformation part transforming said transformed second signal sequence into said second signal sequence using information that indicates a number which does not occur, in the case where there is a number that does not occur,

wherein said second signal sequence is a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711,

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

said information that indicates the number which does not occur is information that indicates one of cases where

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence,

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, and

one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence,

said transformed second predicted value sequence is

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers.

16. A decoding apparatus that decodes an input code into a number sequence, referred to as a second signal sequence hereinafter, comprising:

a residual decoding part determining a prediction residual sequence from a prediction residual code;

a coefficients decoding part determining quantized prediction coefficients from a prediction coefficients code;

a conversion part converting the decoded second signal sequence according to a predetermined rule to determine a converted signal sequence;

a predicted value calculation part determining a converted predicted value sequence, which is a result of prediction of the converted signal sequence, using said converted signal sequence and said quantized prediction coefficients;

a predicted value sequence transformation part determining a second predicted value sequence by performing an inverse transformation according to said predetermined rule on said converted predicted value sequence using information that indicates the number that does not occur and determining a transformed second predicted value sequence by performing, on the second predicted value sequence, an inverse transformation of the transformation performed in a signal sequence inverse transformation part;

an addition part summing said transformed second predicted value sequence and said prediction residual sequence to determine a transformed second signal sequence; and

a signal sequence inverse transformation part transforming said transformed second signal sequence into said second signal sequence using information that indicates a number which does not occur, in the case where there is a number that does not occur,

wherein said second signal sequence is a number sequence based on the μ

-law or the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711,

letting a quantized value, a magnitude of which is 0 based on the μ

-law according to the ITU-T G.711 or a magnitude of which is 1 based on to the A-law according to the ITU-T G.711, as a minimum quantized value,

said information that indicates the number which does not occur is information that indicates one of cases where

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence,

a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, and

one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence,

said transformed second predicted value sequence is

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

128 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value do not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and the negative minimum magnitude of quantized value so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +126, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers,

in a case said information that indicates the number which does not occur indicates the case where one of a number corresponding to a positive minimum magnitude of quantized value and a number corresponding to a negative minimum magnitude of quantized value does not occur in said second signal sequence, a number sequence formed by replacing the numbers in said second signal sequence with newly assigned numbers, the newly assigned numbers corresponding to quantized values excluding the minimum magnitude of quantized value corresponding to said one number so that a positive maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to +127, a negative maximum magnitude of quantized value corresponds to −

127 and relation in magnitude of the quantized values is maintained in the newly assigned numbers.