Methods and apparatus for specifying and processing descriptive queries for data sources

• US 8,661,016 B2
• Filed: 02/21/2012
• Issued: 02/25/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 06/10/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Cohen, Norman H., Castro, Paul C., Misra, Archan
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, Wilson
• Assistant Examiner(s): Le, Jessica N
• Application Number:
  US13/401,330
• Publication Number:
  US 20120150904A1
• Time in Patent Office: 735 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 707/706
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/245 Query processing
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/24522 Translation of natural language queries to structured queries
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99932 Access augmentation or optimizing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99933 Query processing, i.e. searching
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99934 Query formulation, input preparation, or translation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99935 Query augmenting and refining, e.g. inexact access
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99936 Pattern matching access

Abstract

Improved descriptive query techniques are provided. More particularly, techniques are provided for specifying and processing descriptive queries for data providers grouped into provider kinds with hierarchical containment relationships. The query may include arbitrary boolean combinations of arbitrary tests on the values of attributes of the data providers.

Claims

1. A method of processing descriptive queries for data sources in a system comprising a set of data providers, wherein each data provider is distinguished by a type of data that the data provider provides and a set of attributes, wherein each attribute has a unique name and a particular type of value, and wherein the data providers are grouped into provider kinds, wherein each provider kind has a name, and wherein the data providers that are grouped into a same provider kind provide a same type of data and have a same set of attributes, the method comprising:

obtaining a descriptive query comprising the name of a given provider kind and a specification of a mapping from an assignment of one or more values for one or more attributes of one or more data providers to a true value or a false value; and

resolving the descriptive query, wherein resolving the descriptive query comprises determining one or more data providers in the set of data providers that belong to the given provider kind specified in the descriptive query and for which the mapping specification in the descriptive query maps the one or more values of the one or more attributes of the one or more data providers to the true value,

wherein the descriptive query further comprises a specification of a selection mechanism for selecting one or more data providers from a set of data providers, and wherein resolving the descriptive query further comprises applying the selection mechanism specified in the descriptive query to the data providers in the set of data providers that belong to the provider kind specified in the descriptive query and for which the mapping specified in the descriptive query maps the values of the attributes of the data provider to the true value,

wherein the obtaining and resolving steps are performed at least in part by a processor coupled to a memory.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mapping specification comprises a boolean-valued expression in which names of the attributes of a data provider appear, representing assigned values of the attributes.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the boolean-valued expression is an XQuery expression evaluated in the context of an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document that specifies values of the attributes of the data provider.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein each data provider has a set of uniquely named activation parameters, wherein each uniquely named activation parameter is of a specified type.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein a first provider kind is designated as a subkind of a second provider kind if:

(i) the type of the data provided by the first provider kind is a subtype of the type of the data provided by the second provider kind;

(ii) the set of activation-parameter names of the first provider kind is a subset of the set of activation parameter names of the second provider kind; and

(iii) the type of each activation parameter of the first provider kind is a supertype of the type of the identically named activation parameter of the second provider kind;

wherein resolving the descriptive query comprises alternatively-obtaining names of data providers in the set of data providers that belong to the provider kind specified in the descriptive query, or to any subkind of the provider kind, and for which the mapping specified in the descriptive query maps the values of the attributes of the data provider to the true value.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data providers grouped into the same provider kind have activation parameters with a same set of names, with identically named activation parameters of different data providers of the same provider kind having a same type, and wherein the descriptive query includes an assignment of values to activation parameters, with the value assigned to an activation parameter being of the type of that activation parameter, and wherein resolving the descriptive query further comprises determining data providers in the set of data providers, activated with an assignment of activation parameter values in the descriptive query, that belong to the provider kind specified in the descriptive query and for which the mapping specified in the descriptive query maps the values of the attributes of the data provider to the true value.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection mechanism selects one arbitrary member of the set of data providers or all members of the set of data providers.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the specification of a selection mechanism comprises the specification of a mapping from an assignment of values for attributes of a data provider to a numeric value and the specification of a mechanism for selecting one or more data providers given the numeric value to which the mapping maps the attribute values of each data provider in the plurality of data providers.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the specification of a mapping from an assignment of values for attributes of a data provider to a numeric value comprises a number-valued expression in which the names of the attributes of a data provider appear, representing the assigned values of the attributes.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the number-valued expression is an XQuery expression evaluated in the context of an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document that specifies the values of the attributes of the data provider.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the specification of a mechanism for selecting one or more data providers given the numeric value comprises selecting all data providers with numeric values above a given threshold.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the specification of a mechanism for selecting one or more data providers given the numeric value comprises:

specifying a number of data providers to be selected, and selecting the specified number of data providers with the highest numeric values.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the specification of a mechanism for selecting one or more data providers given the numeric value comprises:

specifying a number of data providers to be selected, and selecting the first specified number of data providers found regardless of numeric values of the data providers.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the specification of a mechanism for selecting one or more data providers given the numeric value comprises selecting all data providers found within a time interval regardless of numeric values of the data providers.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein a first provider kind is designated as a subkind of a second provider kind when the type of the data provided by the first provider kind is a subtype of the type of the data provided by the second provider kind, and

wherein resolving the descriptive query alternatively determines data providers in the set of data providers that belong to the provider kind specified in the descriptive query, or to any subkind of the provider kind, and for which the mapping specified in the descriptive query maps the values of the attributes of the data provider to the true value.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one data provider comprises the application of a stream transformer to a stream of data provided by one or more other data providers.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

providing a set of templates for the specification of provider kinds, in which one or more entities are replaced by one or more template-parameter symbols, wherein substitution of template-parameter values for the template-parameter symbols in a template results in an instance of a template, uniquely specifying a provider kind;

providing a set of synthesis rules, each allowing an instance of a specified template to be synthesized by applying a specified stream transformer to the stream of data provided by the instances of one or more specified templates, provided that the instances are obtained by replacing all occurrences a given template-parameter symbol in the rule with the same template-parameter value;

wherein resolving the descriptive query comprises alternatively determining the data providers, either belonging to the set of data providers or synthesized in accordance with the set of synthesis rules, that belong to the provider kind specified in the descriptive query and for which the mapping specification in the descriptive query maps the values of the attributes of the data provider to the true value.

18. Apparatus for processing descriptive queries for data sources in a system comprising a set of data providers, wherein each data provider is distinguished by a type of data that the data provider provides and a set of attributes, wherein each attribute has a unique name and a particular type of value, and wherein the data providers are grouped into provider kinds, wherein each provider kind has a name, and wherein the data providers that are grouped into a same provider kind provide a same type of data and have a same set of attributes, the apparatus comprising:

a memory; and

at least one processor coupled to the memory and operative to;

(i) obtain a descriptive query comprising the name of a given provider kind and a specification of a mapping from an assignment of one or more values for one or more attributes of one or more data providers to a true value or a false value; and

(ii) resolve the descriptive query, wherein resolving the descriptive query comprises determining one or more data providers in the set of data providers that belong to the given provider kind specified in the descriptive query and for which the mapping specification in the descriptive query maps the one or more values of the one or more attributes of the one or more data providers to the true value,

wherein the descriptive query further comprises a specification of a selection mechanism for selecting one or more data providers from a set of data providers, and wherein resolving the descriptive query further comprises applying the selection mechanism specified in the descriptive query to the data providers in the set of data providers that belong to the provider kind specified in the descriptive query and for which the mapping specified in the descriptive query maps the values of the attributes of the data provider to the true value.

19. An article of manufacture for processing descriptive queries for data sources in a system comprising a set of data providers, wherein each data provider is distinguished by a type of data that the data provider provides and a set of attributes, wherein each attribute has a unique name and a particular type of value, and wherein the data providers are grouped into provider kinds, wherein each provider kind has a name, and wherein the data providers that are grouped into a same provider kind provide a same type of data and have a same set of attributes, the article of manufacture comprising a tangible machine readable storage medium containing one or more programs which when executed implement the steps of:

obtaining a descriptive query comprising the name of a given provider kind and a specification of a mapping from an assignment of one or more values for one or more attributes of one or more data providers to a true value or a false value; and

resolving the descriptive query, wherein resolving the descriptive query comprises determining one or more data providers in the set of data providers that belong to the given provider kind specified in the descriptive query and for which the mapping specification in the descriptive query maps the one or more values of the one or more attributes of the one or more data providers to the true value,

wherein the descriptive query further comprises a specification of a selection mechanism for selecting one or more data providers from a set of data providers, and wherein resolving the descriptive query further comprises applying the selection mechanism specified in the descriptive query to the data providers in the set of data providers that belong to the provider kind specified in the descriptive query and for which the mapping specified in the descriptive query maps the values of the attributes of the data provider to the true value.

20. A method of providing a service for processing descriptive queries for data sources in a system comprising a set of data providers, wherein each data provider is distinguished by a type of data that the data provider provides and a set of attributes, wherein each attribute has a unique name and a particular type of value, and wherein the data providers are grouped into provider kinds, wherein each provider kind has a name, and wherein the data providers that are grouped into a same provider kind provide a same type of data and have a same set of attributes, the method comprising:

a service provider obtaining a descriptive query comprising the name of a given provider kind and a specification of a mapping from an assignment of one or more values for one or more attributes of one or more data providers to a true value or a false value; and

the service provider resolving the descriptive query, wherein resolving the descriptive query comprises determining one or more data providers in the set of data providers that belong to the given provider kind specified in the descriptive query and for which the mapping specification in the descriptive query maps the one or more values of the one or more attributes of the one or more data providers to the true value,

wherein the descriptive query further comprises a specification of a selection mechanism for selecting one or more data providers from a set of data providers, and wherein resolving the descriptive query further comprises applying the selection mechanism specified in the descriptive query to the data providers in the set of data providers that belong to the provider kind specified in the descriptive query and for which the mapping specified in the descriptive query maps the values of the attributes of the data provider to the true value,

wherein the obtaining and resolving steps are performed at least in part by a processor coupled to a memory.