Network address translator 64 for dual stack mobile internet protocol version six

• US 8,665,873 B2
• Filed: 05/09/2011
• Issued: 03/04/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 05/27/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Futurewei Technologies Incorporated (Huawei Investment & Holding Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Futurewei Technologies Incorporated (Huawei Investment & Holding Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: Sarikaya, Behcet, Xia, Yangsong
• Primary Examiner(s): Vu, Huy D
• Assistant Examiner(s): CUNNINGHAM, KEVIN M
• Application Number:
  US13/103,148
• Publication Number:
  US 20110292857A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,030 Days
• Field of Search: 370/312
• US Class Current: 370/392
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/251 between different IP versions
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/167 Adaptation for transition between two IP versions, e.g. between IPv4 and IPv6 translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses H04L61/2503
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 80/045 involving different protocol versions, e.g. MIPv4 and MIPv6

Abstract

An apparatus comprising a home agent (HA) configured to couple to a mobile node (MN), a network address translation (NAT) server, and an Internet Protocol (IP) version four (IPv4) only host and to associate an IP version six (IPv6) address for an interface with the MN with an IPv4 address for an interface with the IPv4 only host in a NAT state table entry, wherein the NAT state table entry is used to translate an IPv6 packet associated with the MN to an IPv4 packet associated with the IPv4 only host.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a home agent (HA) configured to;

couple to an Internet Protocol (IP) version six (IPv6) only mobile node (MN), a network address translation (NAT) server, and an IP version four (IPv4) only host;

associate an IPv6 address for an interface with the MN with an IPv4 address for an interface with the IPv4 only host in a NAT state table entry, wherein the NAT state table entry is linked to a binding cache entry (BCE) for the MN that maps an address of the MN to a care-of-address (CoA) associated with the MN;

set an IPv6 only flag in the BCE to indicate the MN is an IPv6 only MN; and

send a plurality of keepalive messages based on a determined keepalive interval to the NAT server on behalf of the MN to refresh the NAT state table entry that is associated with the BCE for the MN,

wherein the NAT state table entry is used to translate an IPv6 packet associated with the MN to an IPv4 packet associated with the IPv4 only host.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the NAT state table entry is also used to translate an unicast IPv4 packet associated with the IPv4 only host to an unicast IPv6 packet associated with the MN.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the HA and the NAT server are collocated on the same network component where the unicast IPv6 packet is translated to the unicast IPv4 packet.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the HA maintains a prefix table for unicast communication that comprises an IPv6 prefix (Pref64) that is assigned to the NAT server by a domain name system (DNS) server.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the NAT state table entry comprises the Pref64, an IPv6 only flag that is set to indicate the MN is an IPv6 only MN, and a keepalive interval for keeping alive a communication session for the MN.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the HA is configured to handle the MN'"'"'s mobility based on dual stack mobile IPv6 (DSMIPv6) and forward both IPv6 and IPv4 packets between the MN and/or other MNs and one or more hosts.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the HA is configured to support prefixes for multicast communication, and wherein the prefixes for multicast communication comprise at least one of an ASM_MPREFIX64 prefix value and a SSM_MPREFIX64 prefix value.

8. A network component comprising:

a receiver at a home agent (HA) configured to receive a multicast data packet from an Internet Protocol (IP) version four (IPv4) host;

a logic circuit coupled to the receiver and configured to;

obtain, from a network address translation (NAT) table, an IP version six (IPv6) address for the multicast data packet based on an IPv4 address in the multicast data packet;

duplicate the multicast data packet into a corresponding IPv6 packet for each mobile node (MN) that is subscribed to the IPv6 address and is associated with a binding cache entry (BCE) comprising a set IPv6 only flag indicating the MN is an IPv6 only MN; and

send keepalive messages based on determined keepalive intervals on behalf of the MNs to refresh the NAT state table entry; and

a transmitter coupled to the logic circuit and configured to send each duplicate IPv6 packet to the corresponding MN.

9. The network component of claim 8, wherein the HA sends an Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) join message to the IPv4 host upon receiving a multicast listener discover (MLD) join message from the MN to join a multicast group for the IPv4 host.

11. The network component of claim 8, wherein the IPv6 packet comprises an IPv6 address that includes an IPv6 prefix and the IPv4 address, and wherein the IPv6 prefix is an any source multicast (ASM) prefix or a source specific multicast (SSM) prefix.

12. The network component of claim 11, wherein the ASM prefix comprises an ASM MPREFIX64 prefix.

13. The network component of claim 11, wherein the SSM prefix comprises a SSM MPREFIX64 prefix.

14. The network component of claim 8, wherein the IPv6 packet comprises the IPv6 address, an IPv6 traffic class field that corresponds to a type of service field in the multicast data packet, an IPv6 next header that corresponds to an IPv4 protocol field in the multicast data packet, a hop limit field that corresponds to a time to live (TTL) field in the multicast data packet, and an IPv6 payload that corresponds to an IPv4 payload in the multicast data packet.

15. The network component of claim 8, wherein the multicast packet is an IPv4 fragment packet, and wherein the IPv6 packet comprises an IPv6 fragment header, a fragment header that corresponds to a fragmentation offset field in the multicast data packet, an IPv6 fragment header identification field that includes a 16-bit identification field in the multicast data packet and 32 additional higher order bits that are set to zero, and a more fragment (MF) field that corresponds to a MF field in the multicast data packet.

16. The network component of claim 8, wherein the HA supports SSM and Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) version three (IGMPv3) on an upstream interface of the HA, and wherein the HA sends an IGMPv3 join message after receiving a multicast listener discovery (MLD) version two (MLDv2) Join message from an IPv6 only MN to a next hop router that supports IGMPv3 when the IPv6 only MN joins a source specific group (S,G).

10. A network component comprising:

a receiver at a home agent (HA) configured to receive a multicast data packet from an Internet Protocol (IP) version four (IPv4) host;

a logic circuit configured to;

obtain, from a network address translation (NAT) table, an IP version six (IPv6) address for the multicast data packet based on an IPv4 address in the multicast data packet;

duplicate the multicast data packet for each mobile node (MN) that is subscribed to the IPv6 address into a corresponding IPv6 packet; and

send keepalive messages based on determined keepalive intervals on behalf of the MNs to refresh the NAT state table entry; and

a transmitter configured to send each duplicate IPv6 packet to the corresponding MN,

wherein the IPv4 address is a multicast group address that is added to a multicast state entry that is associated with a binding cache entry for the MN when the MN joins the multicast group, and wherein an IPv6 only flag is set in the binding cache entry for the MN.

17. A network component comprising:

a receiver at a home agent (HA) configured to receive a multicast data packet from an Internet Protocol (IP) version four (IPv4) host;

a logic circuit coupled to the receiver and configured to obtain an IP version six (IPv6) address for the multicast data packet based on an IPv4 address in the multicast data packet and duplicate the multicast data packet for each mobile node (MN) that is subscribed to the IPv6 address into a corresponding IPv6 packet; and

a transmitter coupled to the logic circuit and configured to send each duplicate IPv6 packet to the corresponding MN,

wherein the HA supports source specific multicast (SSM) and Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) on an upstream interface of the HA, and

wherein the HA establishes a session with an upstream non-neighbor router to send a PIM Join message when a MN joins a source specific group (S,G).

18. A method comprising:

receiving an Internet Protocol (IP) version six (IPv6) packet from a mobile node (MN), wherein the IPv6 packet comprises a Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) membership report for joining a multicast group;

in response to receiving the MLD membership report, setting an IPv6 only flag in a binding cache entry (BCE) for the MN that is not previously set if an IPv6 prefix in a destination address in the IPv6 packet is detected in a prefix table;

translating the IPv6 packet to an IPv4 packet using a network address translation (NAT) state table entry that matches a source address in the IPv6 packet; and

forwarding the IPv4 packet to an IPv4 only host associated with the destination address.

19. The method of claim 18 further comprising forwarding the IPv6 packet without translation if the IPv6 prefix is not found in the prefix table.

20. The method of claim 18 further comprising:

creating the NAT state table entry if the source address in the IPv6 packet is not found; and

linking the NAT state table entry to the BCE for the MN.

21. The method of claim 20 further comprising:

sending a plurality of keepalive messages based on a determined keepalive interval to a network address translation (NAT) server instead of the MN to refresh a NAT state table entry that is associated with the BCE for the MN,

wherein the keepalive messages are Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages that each comprise a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) header and serve as outbound refresh messages for outgoing packets to the IPv4 only host.

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising receiving a plurality of keepalive messages based on a determined time interval from the NAT server to refresh the BCE for the MN, wherein the keepalive messages are ICMP Echo Reply messages that serve as inbound refresh messages for incoming packets from the IPv4 only host.

23. The method of claim 18 further comprising:

receiving a home test initiate (HoTI) message for route optimization; and

dropping the HoTI message if a source address in the HoTI message matches a BCE for the MN that has an IPv6 only flag set.

24. A computer program product for use by a home agent (HA) configured to couple to an Internet Protocol (IP) version six (IPv6) only mobile node (MN), a network address translation (NAT) server, and an IP version four (IPv4) only host, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the HA to:

associate an IPv6 address for an interface with the MN with an IPv4 address for an interface with the IPv4 only host in a NAT state table entry, wherein the NAT state table entry is linked to a binding cache entry (BCE) for the MN that maps an address of the MN to a care-of-address (CoA) associated with the MN;

set an IPv6 only flag in the BCE to indicate the MN is an IPv6 only MN; and

send a plurality of keepalive messages based on a determined keepalive interval to the NAT server on behalf of the MN to refresh the NAT state table entry that is associated with the BCE for the MN,

wherein the NAT state table entry is used to translate an IPv6 packet associated with the MN to an IPv4 packet associated with the IPv4 only host.

25. The computer program product of claim 24 further comprising instructions that cause the HA to maintain a prefix table for unicast communication that comprises an IPv6 prefix (Pref64) that is assigned to the NAT server by a domain name system (DNS) server.

26. The computer program product of claim 24 further comprising instructions that cause the HA to handle the MN'"'"'s mobility based on dual stack mobile IPv6 (DSMIPv6) and forward both IPv6 and IPv4 packets between the MN and/or other MNs and one or more hosts.

27. A computer program product for use by a home agent (HA) configured to receive a multicast data packet from an Internet Protocol (IP) version four (IPv4) host, the computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause the HA to:

obtain, from a network address translation (NAT) table, an IP version six (IPv6) address for the multicast data packet based on an IPv4 address in the multicast data packet;

duplicate the multicast data packet into a corresponding IPv6 packet for each mobile node (MN) that is subscribed to the IPv6 address and is associated with a binding cache entry (BCE) comprising a set IPv6 only flag that links the BCE to an associated NAT table entry; and

send keepalive messages based on determined keepalive intervals on behalf of the MNs to refresh the NAT state table entry; and

send each duplicate IPv6 packet to the corresponding MN.

28. The computer program product of claim 27 further comprising instructions that cause the HA to send an Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) join message to the IPv4 host upon receiving a multicast listener discover (MLD) Join message from the MN to join a multicast group for the IPv4 host.

29. The computer program product of claim 28 further comprising instructions that cause the HA to:

add the IPv4 address as a multicast group address in a multicast state entry that is associated with a binding cache entry for the MN when the MN joins the multicast group; and

set an IPv6 only flag in the binding cache entry for the MN.

30. A computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause a network component to:

receive an Internet Protocol (IP) version six (IPv6) packet from a mobile node (MN), wherein the IPv6 packet comprises a Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) membership report for joining a multicast group;

in response to receiving the MLD membership report, set an IPv6 only flag in a binding cache entry (BCE) for the MN that is not previously set if an IPv6 prefix in a destination address in the IPv6 packet is detected in a prefix table;

translate the IPv6 packet to an IPv4 packet using a network address translation (NAT) state table entry that matches a source address in the IPv6 packet; and

forward the IPv4 packet to an IPv4 only host associated with the destination address.

31. The computer program product of claim 30 further comprising instructions that cause the network component to:

forward the IPv6 packet without translation if the IPv6 prefix is not detected in the prefix table;

create the NAT state table entry if the source address in the IPv6 packet is not detected in the prefix table; and

link the NAT state table entry to the BCE for the MN.

32. The computer program product of claim 30 further comprising instructions that cause the network component to send a plurality of keepalive messages based on a determined keepalive interval to a network address translation (NAT) server instead of the MN to refresh a NAT state table entry that is associated with the BCE for the MN, wherein the keepalive messages are Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages that each comprise a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) header and serve as outbound refresh messages for outgoing packets to the IPv4 only host.