Systems and methods for imaging large field-of-view objects

• US 8,678,647 B2
• Filed: 01/08/2010
• Issued: 03/25/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 03/19/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Navigation Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Navigation Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Gregerson, Eugene A., Grant, Richard K., Johnson, Norbert
• Primary Examiner(s): SONG, HOON K
• Application Number:
  US12/684,430
• Publication Number:
  US 20100142671A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,537 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 378/197
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/06 Diaphragms
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4021 involving movement of the focal spot
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4085 Cone-beams
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4233 using matrix detectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4405 the apparatus being movable or portable, e.g. handheld or mounted on a trolley
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4452 the source unit and the detector unit being able to move relative to each other
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/419 computed tomograph
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/043 using fluoroscopic examination, with visual observation or video transmission of fluoroscopic images
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/046 using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]

Abstract

An imaging apparatus and related method comprising a detector located a distance from a source and positioned to receive a beam of radiation in a trajectory; a detector positioner that translates the detector to an alternate position in a direction that is substantially normal to the trajectory; and a beam positioner that alters the trajectory of the radiation beam to direct the beam onto the detector located at the alternate position.

Claims

1. An imaging apparatus, comprising:

a source having a fixed focal spot from which a radiation beam is emitted, wherein the source is enclosed within a source housing;

a detector located at a distance from the source and positioned to receive the radiation beam from the source along a first trajectory;

a detector positioner that translates the detector from a first position to a second position in a direction that is substantially normal to the first trajectory of the radiation beam from the fixed focal spot; and

a beam positioner that alters the trajectory of the radiation beam to direct the radiation beam onto the detector located at least at both the first position and the second position, wherein the beam positioner includes a servomotor linear actuator to move the source about the fixed focal point;

a detector positioner frame that includes two side walls and a plurality of lateral frames extending between the two side walls;

wherein the detector positioner is moveably mounted upon the detector positioner frame;

wherein the detector positioner frame allows the detector to be translated along an arc between the first position and the second position.

2. The image apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a pivot dowel, wherein the pivot dowel is at the fixed focal spot and the source housing moves about the pivot dowel.

3. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the detector includes a complete translatable two-dimensional flat panel detector array configured to be translated as a complete assembly between the first position to the second position.

4. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the source is a x-ray source and the radiation beam is a beam of x-rays.

5. The imaging apparatus of claim 4 wherein an object to be imaged is positioned in an imaging area between the source and the detector, the radiation beam from the source is configured to pass through a portion of the imaging area before being received at the detector.

6. The imaging apparatus of claim 5 wherein the object is wider than a field-of-view of the detector in at least the first position or the second position.

7. The imaging apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a source stage configured to move the source housing about a central point;

a radiation detector stage configured to move the detector about the central point; and

a motor that translates the detector within the radiation detector stage between the first position and the second position.

8. The imaging apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:

a bracket assembly that is C-shaped;

wherein the source stage and the radiation detector stage are connected to the bracket assembly to move in a curved path about the central point.

9. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the beam positioner directs the radiation beam so that a central ray of the radiation beam remains directed at a geometric center of the detector while the detector translates between the first position to the second position.

10. The imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector positioner frame further includes on a top of each side wall a flat surface upon which a friction wheel is driven;

wherein the friction wheel is coupled to the detector positioner to translate the detector positioned within the detector positioner frame.

11. The imaging apparatus of claim 10, wherein a linear encoder tape is affixed to a v-groove provided in a center of the detector positioner frame to be engaged by a v-groove roller to determine a position of the detector at least relative to the detector positioner frame.

12. An imaging apparatus, comprising:

a source having a fixed focal spot from which a radiation beam is emitted, wherein the source is enclosed within a source housing;

a detector located at a distance from the source and positioned to receive the radiation beam from the source along a first trajectory;

a detector positioner that translates the detector from a first position to a second position in a direction that is substantially normal to the first trajectory of the radiation beam from the fixed focal spot;

a beam positioner that alters the radiation beam to a second trajectory to direct the radiation beam onto the detector located at least at both the first position and the second position, wherein the beam positioner includes a linear collimator connected to the source housing that is driven by a servomotor to move the linear collimator to alter the radiation beam between at least the first trajectory and the second trajectory and

a bracket assembly that is curved and defines an imaging area within the curved portion of the bracket assembly;

wherein both the detector positioner and the beam positioner are moveably connected to the bracket assembly;

wherein an object to be imaged is positioned in the imaging area between the source and the detector.

13. The imaging apparatus of claim 12 wherein the detector is translated along an arc.

14. The imaging apparatus of claim 12 wherein the detector is translated along a straight line.

15. The imaging apparatus of claim 12 wherein the detector includes a complete and translatable two-dimensional detector.

16. The imaging apparatus of claim 12 wherein the detector includes a complete and translatable two-dimensional flat panel detector array.

17. The imaging apparatus of claim 16 the radiation beam from the source passing through a portion of the imaging area before being received at the detector in at least one of the first position or the second position.

18. The imaging apparatus of claim 17 wherein the object extends larger than a field-of-view of the detector in at least one of the first position or the second position but is maintained in the imaging area.

19. The imaging apparatus of claim 17, further comprising:

a source stage configured to move the source housing about a central point;

a radiation detector stage configured to move the detector about the central point; and

a motor that translates the detector within the radiation detector stage between the first position and the second position and independent of moving the detector;

wherein the central point is defined within the curve of the bracket assembly and the source stage and the radiation detector stage move relative to the bracket assembly.

20. An imaging apparatus, comprising:

a source having a fixed focal spot from which a radiation beam is emitted, wherein the source is enclosed within a source housing;

a detector located at a distance from the source and positioned to receive the radiation beam from the source along a first trajectory;

a detector positioner that translates the detector from a first position to a second position in a direction that is substantially normal to the first trajectory of the radiation beam from the fixed focal spot;

a beam positioner that alters the trajectory of the radiation beam to direct the radiation beam onto the detector located at least at both the first position and the second position;

a bracket assembly defining a central point;

a source stage connected to the bracket assembly and configured to move the source housing about the central point; and

a radiation detector stage having a positioner frame and a motor that translates the detector within the positioner frame, wherein the radiation detector stage is connected to the bracket assembly and is configured to move the radiation detector about the central point;

wherein at least one of movement of the source stage and the movement of the radiation detector stage is independent of translating the radiation detector and altering the trajectory of the radiation beam.

21. The image apparatus of claim 20, further comprising:

a pivot dowel, wherein the pivot dowel is at the fixed focal spot and the source housing moves about the pivot dowel.

22. The imaging apparatus of claim 20 wherein the detector is translated along an arc between the first position and the second position.

23. The imaging apparatus of claim 20 wherein the detector includes a complete translatable two-dimensional flat panel detector array configured to be translated as a complete assembly between the first position to the second position.

24. The imaging apparatus of claim 20 wherein an object to be imaged is positioned in an imaging area between the source and the detector where at least a portion of the object is at the central point, the radiation beam from the source is configured to pass through a portion of the imaging area before being received at the detector.

25. The imaging apparatus of claim 24 wherein the object is larger than a field-of-view of the detector in at least the first position or the second position.

26. The image apparatus of claim 20, wherein the bracket assembly is curved and defines at least a C-shape.

27. The image apparatus of claim 20, further comprising:

a gantry including at least one curved rail that extends around the central point;

wherein the bracket assembly is configured to move within the gantry in a curved manner defined by the at least one curved rail around the central point.

28. A method for imaging, comprising:

defining a central point with a bracket assembly;

detecting a radiation beam, the radiation beam traveling in a first trajectory from a radiation source to a radiation detector;

translating the radiation detector, relative to a fixed focal spot of the radiation source, from a first position to a second position in a direction that is substantially normal to the first trajectory of the radiation beam within a positioner frame with a motor that translates the detector within the positioner frame about a central point; and

moving a source housing within a source stage configured to move the source housing about the central point to direct the radiation beam along a second trajectory from the fixed focal spot onto the radiation detector located at the second position.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:

wherein translating the radiation detector includes translating the two-dimensional flat panel detector array as a complete assembly from the first position to the second position.

30. The method of claim 29 wherein translating the two-dimensional flat panel detector array as a complete assembly includes translating the two-dimensional flat panel detector array as a complete assembly along an arc.

31. The method of claim 29, further comprising:

moving a source stage to move the source housing about a central point and moving a radiation detector stage to move the radiation detector about the central point;

wherein at least one of moving the source stage and moving the radiation detector stage is independent of translating the radiation detector and moving the source housing.

32. The method of claim 28 further comprising:

emitting a x-ray beam as the radiation beam from the source;

wherein altering the radiation beam to direct the radiation beam along a second trajectory includes moving a housing that houses the radiation source.

33. The method of claim 28 wherein the object extends larger than a field-of-view of the detector in at least one direction in which the detector is translatable.

34. The method of claim 28 further including directing the radiation beam so that a central ray of the beam remains directed at a geometric center of the detector while the detector translates.

35. The method of claim 28, further comprising:

translating at least one of the positioner frame or the source stage relative to the bracket assembly;

wherein translating the radiation detector includes translating a detector array as a complete assembly from the first position to the second position.

36. The method of claim 35, further comprising:

determining a position of the radiation detector at least with a linear encoder tape affixed to a v-groove provided in a center of the positioner frame; and

engaging the v-groove with a v-groove roller to determine the position of the detector.

37. The method of claim 35, wherein translating at least one of the positioner frame or the source stage relative to the bracket assembly includes translating both the positioner frame and the source stage in a curve about the central point defined by the bracket assembly.