Regulating current output from a buck converter without external current sensing

• US 8,680,836 B2
• Filed: 03/15/2012
• Issued: 03/25/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Active-Semi, Inc. (Qorvo, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Active-Semi, Inc. (Qorvo, Inc.)
• Inventors: Grant, Matthew A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhane, Adolf
• Assistant Examiner(s): Finch, III, Fred E
• Application Number:
  US13/420,710
• Publication Number:
  US 20120176113A1
• Time in Patent Office: 740 Days
• Field of Search: 323/222, 323282-285
• US Class Current: 323/285
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0009 Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/375 using buck topology
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 20/30 Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

Abstract

A step-down (buck) switching regulator regulates output current without sensing a current external to a converter integrated circuit. The regulator generates a set current that is indicative of a predetermined current level to which the output current is regulated. The regulator generates a sense current whose magnitude is proportional to an inductor current flowing through a power switch during an on time. During a first time period, the sense current is less than the set current. During a second time period, the sense current is greater than the set current. The output current of the regulator is maintained at the predetermined current level such that the first time period is equal to the second time period when the output current equals the predetermined current level. The set current is compared to the sense current in circuitry inside a bootstrap power generator whose voltage fluctuates with the voltage across the inductor.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

generating a reference current, wherein a switching regulator includes an inductor, a power switch and a bootstrap capacitor, wherein the power switch has a source, a drain and a gate and is integrated into an integrated circuit, and wherein an inductor current flows through the inductor during an on time of the power switch;

generating a sense current whose magnitude is proportional to the inductor current flowing through the power switch during the on time, wherein the sense current is generated without sensing a current external to the integrated circuit, wherein the sense current increases during the on time, and wherein during the on time the bootstrap capacitor supplies a voltage to the gate of the power switch;

maintaining an output voltage of the switching regulator at a predetermined voltage level when an output current of the switching regulator is less than a predetermined current level;

maintaining the output current at the predetermined current level when the output voltage is less than the predetermined voltage level, wherein the output current reaches the predetermined current level when a current error voltage reaches a steady state; and

determining a trip time at which the increasing sense current equals the reference current, wherein output current is maintained at a predetermined current level such that, when the output current equals the predetermined current level, a first time period before the trip time during which the sense current is less than the reference current is a fixed proportion of a second time period after the trip time during which the sense current is greater than the reference current.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein both the first time period and the second time period have non-zero durations.

3. A method comprising:

generating a reference current, wherein a switching regulator includes an inductor, a power switch and a bootstrap capacitor, wherein the power switch has a source, a drain and a gate and is integrated into an integrated circuit, and wherein an inductor current flows through the inductor during an on time of the power switch;

generating a sense current whose magnitude is proportional to the inductor current flowing through the power switch during the on time, wherein the sense current is generated without sensing a current external to the integrated circuit, and wherein during the on time the bootstrap capacitor supplies a voltage to the gate of the power switch;

maintaining an output voltage of the switching regulator at a predetermined voltage level when an output current of the switching regulator is less than a predetermined current level; and

maintaining the output current at the predetermined current level when the output voltage is less than the predetermined voltage level, wherein the output current reaches the predetermined current level when a current error voltage reaches a steady state, and wherein the current error voltage is generated by a charge pump integrator.

4. A power converter, comprising:

an inductor;

an integrated circuit with a power switch and a replica switch, wherein the power switch has a source, a drain and a gate, wherein an inductor current with a magnitude flows through the inductor during an on time of the power switch, wherein a sense current flowing through the replica switch has a magnitude that is proportional to the magnitude of the inductor current during the on time, and wherein the power converter generates the sense current without sensing a current external to the integrated circuit; and

a bootstrap capacitor, wherein during the on time the bootstrap capacitor supplies a voltage to the gate of the power switch, wherein the power converter generates an output voltage at a predetermined voltage level when an output current of the power converter is less than a predetermined current level, wherein the power converter generates the output current at the predetermined current level when the output voltage is less than the predetermined voltage level, wherein the output current reaches the predetermined current level when a current error voltage reaches a steady state, wherein the integrated circuit includes a charge pump integrator, and wherein the charge pump integrator generates the current error voltage.

5. The power converter of claim 4, wherein the power converter generates a reference current, wherein the sense current increases during the on time, and wherein the increasing sense current equals the reference current at a trip time, further comprising:

a resistor outside the integrated circuit, wherein the reference current is generated using the resistor.

6. The power converter of claim 5, wherein the resistor is a thermistor, wherein the output current varies inversely with a temperature, and wherein the temperature is taken from the group consisting of:

a temperature of a load being charged by the output current, an ambient temperature around the power converter, and a temperature of a light emitting diode (LED) through which the output current flows.

7. The power converter of claim 4, wherein the power converter generates a reference current, wherein the sense current increases during the on time, wherein the increasing sense current equals the reference current at a trip time, wherein the power converter maintains the output current at the predetermined current level such that, when the output current equals the predetermined current level, a first time period before the trip time during which the sense current is less than the reference current is a fixed proportion of a second time period after the trip time during which the sense current is greater than the reference current.

8. A power converter, comprising:

an inductor, wherein an inductor current with a magnitude flows through the inductor during an on time of a power switch, and wherein a sense current flowing through a replica switch has a magnitude that is proportional to the magnitude of the inductor current during the on time;

a bootstrap capacitor; and

means for generating the sense current without sensing a current external to the means, wherein the means includes the power switch and the replica switch, wherein the power switch has a source, a drain and a gate, wherein during the on time the bootstrap capacitor supplies a voltage to the gate of the power switch, wherein the power converter generates an output voltage at a predetermined voltage level when an output current of the power converter is less than a predetermined current level, wherein the power converter generates the output current at the predetermined current level when the output voltage is less than the predetermined voltage level, wherein the means is also for generating a current error voltage that reaches a steady state when the output current reaches the predetermined current level, wherein the means includes a charge pump integrator, and wherein the charge pump integrator generates the current error voltage.

9. The power converter of claim 8, wherein the sense current increases throughout the on time, wherein the means generates a set current, wherein the means determines a trip time at which the increasing sense current equals the set current, wherein a second time occurs when a predetermined portion of the on time has elapsed, and wherein the means regulates the output current such that the trip time occurs at the second time.

10. The power converter of claim 9, wherein the output current charges a load, wherein the load has a load temperature, wherein the set current is generated using a thermistor, and wherein that output current varies inversely with the load temperature.