Efficient extraction of embedded watermarks in the presence of host content distortions

• US 8,682,026 B2
• Filed: 11/03/2011
• Issued: 03/25/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/2011
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Verance Corporation
• Original Assignee: Verance Corporation
• Inventors: Petrovic, Rade, Atti, Venkatraman
• Primary Examiner(s): Koziol, Stephen R
• Assistant Examiner(s): Saini, Amandeep
• Application Number:
  US13/288,952
• Publication Number:
  US 20130114848A1
• Time in Patent Office: 873 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 18/28 Determining representative reference patterns, e.g. by averaging or distorting; Generating dictionaries
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/754 involving a deformation of the sample pattern or of the reference pattern; Elastic matching
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/1914 Determining representative reference patterns, e.g. averaging or distorting patterns; Generating dictionaries, e.g. user dictionaries
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/242 Division of the character sequences into groups prior to recognition; Selection of dictionaries
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/2504 Coarse or fine approaches, e.g. resolution of ambiguities or multiscale approaches

Abstract

Methods, devices and computer program products facilitate the extraction of embedded watermarks in the presence of content distortions. Coarse estimates of a distortion or combination of distortions, present in the host content are obtained by detecting a tentative watermark, or a portion thereof, utilizing coarse pre-distorted watermark templates. Supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates are then selected in the neighborhood of the coarse distortion estimate to further re-evaluate the tentative watermark. The use of coarse and supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates results in obtaining better estimations of content distortions, and improved reliability of watermark detections in an efficient manner.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

extracting a tentative watermark from an embedded host content, the tentative watermark representing a candidate watermark with an associated probability of false watermark detection that exceeds a desired probability of false watermark detection;

obtaining estimated distortion information indicative of a coarse value that approximates a particular distortion, or combination of distortions, present in the embedded host content using the extracted tentative watermark;

selecting one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates that correspond to one or more distortion values in the vicinity of the coarse value, each of the supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates representing a watermark extracted from the host content when a specific distortion, or a specific combination distortions, is present in the host content; and

re-evaluating the extracted tentative watermark using the selected one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the estimated distortion information comprises:

selecting a plurality of coarse pre-distorted watermark templates that correspond to a range of distortion values of a particular distortion, or combination of distortions, with coarse granularity;

comparing the extracted tentative watermark to each of the plurality of coarse pre-distorted watermark templates; and

obtaining the estimated distortion information by identifying a first coarse pre-distorted watermark template that best matches the extracted tentative watermark.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of coarse pre-distorted watermark templates are selected at random from among a larger collection of pre-distorted watermark templates.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of coarse pre-distorted watermark templates are selected to correspond to one or more types of distortions that are likely to be present in the embedded host content.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates are selected to enable a search of distortion space in the vicinity of the coarse value with a fine granularity.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein

the re-evaluating results in an improved estimate of the distortions present in the embedded host content.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the improved estimate is utilized to extract additional watermarks from the embedded host content.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the re-evaluating results in detection of a watermark with an improved probability of false watermark detection compared to probability of false watermark detection associated with the extracted tentative watermark.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the re-evaluating results in detection of a conclusive watermark with an associated probability of false watermark detection that is less than or equal to a desired probability of false watermark detection.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the re-evaluating comprises:

comparing the one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates to the extracted tentative watermark;

producing an error count associated with each comparison, the error count representing how well the corresponding supplementary pre-distorted watermark template matches the extracted tentative watermark; and

selecting the supplementary pre-distorted watermark template that corresponds to smallest produced error count.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates are selected one-at-a-time in an iterative fashion.

12. A device, comprising

an extractor configured to extract a tentative watermark from an embedded host content, the tentative watermark representing a candidate watermark with an associated probability of false watermark detection that exceeds a desired probability of false watermark detection;

a distortion estimator configured to obtain estimated distortion information indicative of a coarse value that approximates a particular distortion, or combination of distortions, present in the embedded host content using the extracted tentative watermark, and to select one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates that correspond to one or more distortion values in the vicinity of the coarse value, each of the supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates representing a watermark extracted from the host content when a specific distortion, or a specific combination distortions, is present in the host content; and

an evaluator configured to re-evaluate the extracted tentative watermark using the selected one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein the distortion estimator is configured:

select a plurality of coarse pre-distorted watermark templates that correspond to a range of distortion values of a particular distortion, or combination of distortions, with coarse granularity;

compare the extracted tentative watermark to each of the plurality of coarse pre-distorted watermark templates; and

obtain the estimated distortion information by identifying a first coarse pre-distorted watermark template that best matches the extracted tentative watermark.

14. The device of claim 13, wherein the distortion estimator is configured to select the plurality of coarse pre-distorted watermark templates at random from among a larger collection of pre-distorted watermark templates.

15. The device of claim 13, wherein the distortion estimator is configured to select the plurality of coarse pre-distorted watermark templates to correspond to one or more types of distortions that are likely to be present in the embedded host content.

16. The device of claim 12, wherein the distortion estimator is configured to select the one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates to enable a search of distortion space in the vicinity of the coarse value with a fine granularity.

17. The device of claim 12, wherein the re-evaluation of the extracted tentative watermark results in an improved estimate of the distortions present in the embedded host content.

18. The device of claim 17, wherein extractor is configured to utilize the improved estimate to extract additional watermarks from the embedded host content.

19. The device of claim 12, wherein re-evaluation of the extracted tentative watermark results in detection of a watermark with an improved probability of false watermark detection compared to probability of false watermark detection associated with the extracted tentative watermark.

20. The device of claim 12, wherein re-evaluation of the extracted tentative watermark results in detection of a conclusive watermark with an associated probability of false watermark detection that is less than or equal to a desired probability of false watermark detection.

21. The device of claim 12, wherein evaluator is configured to:

compare the one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates to the extracted tentative watermark;

produce an error count associated with each comparison, the error count representing how well the corresponding supplementary pre-distorted watermark template matches the extracted tentative watermark; and

select the supplementary pre-distorted watermark template that corresponds to smallest produced error count.

22. The device of claim 12, wherein the evaluator is configured to select the one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates one-at-a-time in an iterative fashion.

23. A device, comprising:

a processor; and

a memory comprising processor executable code, the processor executable code, when executed by the processor, configures the device to;

extract a tentative watermark from an embedded host content, the tentative watermark representing a candidate watermark with an associated probability of false watermark detection that exceeds a desired probability of false watermark detection;

obtain estimated distortion information indicative of a coarse value that approximates a particular distortion, or combination of distortions, present in the embedded host content using the extracted tentative watermark;

select one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates that correspond to one or more distortion values in the vicinity of the coarse value, each of the supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates representing a watermark extracted from the host content when a specific distortion, or a specific combination distortions, is present in the host content; and

re-evaluate the extracted tentative watermark using the selected one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates.

24. A computer program product, embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, comprising:

program code for extracting a tentative watermark from an embedded host content, the tentative watermark representing a candidate watermark with an associated probability of false watermark detection that exceeds a desired probability of false watermark detection;

program code for obtaining estimated distortion information indicative of a coarse value that approximates a particular distortion, or combination of distortions, present in the embedded host content using the extracted tentative watermark;

program code for selecting one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates that correspond to one or more distortion values in the vicinity of the coarse value, each of the supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates representing a watermark extracted from the host content when a specific distortion, or a specific combination distortions, is present in the host content; and

program code for re-evaluating the extracted tentative watermark using the selected one or more supplementary pre-distorted watermark templates.