System and method for monitoring and controlling underground drilling

• US 8,684,108 B2
• Filed: 10/05/2012
• Issued: 04/01/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 02/01/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: APS Technology Inc
• Original Assignee: APS Technology Inc
• Inventors: Turner, William Evans, Wassell, Mark Ellsworth
• Primary Examiner(s): WRIGHT, GIOVANNA COLLINS
• Application Number:
  US13/646,505
• Publication Number:
  US 20130098683A1
• Time in Patent Office: 543 Days
• Field of Search: 175/24, 175/40, 702/9, 703/10
• US Class Current: 175/40
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 44/00 Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/00 Survey of boreholes or wells monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid E21B21/08
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 1/003 of rotating machines G01H1/10 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 9/00 Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 13/048 using a predictor
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/24075 Predict control element state changes, event changes
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/2616 Earth moving, work machine
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 23/0243 model based detection method, e.g. first-principles knowledge model
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 17/18 for evaluating statistical data , e.g. average values, frequency distributions, probability functions, regression analysis forecasting specially adapted for a specific administrative, business or logistic context G06Q10/04

Abstract

A system and method for monitoring underground drilling in which vibration is monitored by creating a model of the drill string using finite element techniques or finite difference techniques and (i) predicting vibration by inputting real time values of operating parameters into the model, and then adjusting the model to agree with measured vibration data, (ii) predicting the weight on bit and drill string and mud motor speeds at which resonance will occur, as well as when stick-slip will occur, so that the operator can avoid operating regimes that will result in high vibration, (iii) determining vibration and torque levels along the length of the drill string based on the measured vibration and torque at one or more locations, (iv) determining the remaining life of critical components of the drill string based on the history of the vibration to which the components have been subjected, and (v) determining the optimum drilling parameters that will avoid excessive vibration of the drill string.

Claims

1. A method of monitoring the operation of a drill string drilling into an earthen formation so as to form a bore hole using a drill bit located in a bottom hole assembly, comprising the steps of:

determining the values of a plurality of operating parameters associated with said underground drilling operation, the values of the plurality of operating parameters obtained from a plurality of sensors during the drilling operation, at least a portion of said sensors located in said bottom hole assembly, the plurality of operating parameters including at least a vibration of the drill string;

determining from the determined values of the plurality of operating parameters whether at least one of a plurality of predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance is present in said drilling operation;

identifying the probability that each of the predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance determined to be present in said drilling operation are caused by each of a plurality of predetermined causes of lost drilling performance; and

combining said identified probabilities for each of the respective plurality of predetermined causes of lost drilling performance for each respective predetermined symptom of lost drilling performance determined to be present in the drilling operation, wherein the greatest combined probabilities among the respective plurality of predetermined causes of lost drilling performance is the most likely cause of lost drilling performance present in said drilling operation.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of:

adjusting at least one operating parameter associated with said drilling operation based on said cause of lost drilling performance determined to be most likely present in said drilling operation.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of operating parameters comprises an amplitude of vibration of said drill string in the axial and lateral and torsional vibratory modes.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of operating parameters comprises a frequency of the vibration of said drill string.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of operating parameters comprises a weight on bit (WOB) on said drill bit and a rotary speed of said drill bit.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance further includes at least one a dynamic of drill string in the bore hole, the operating conditions for the drilling operation, phenomena obtained via sensors disposed on a surface of the earthen formation, and a borehole profile.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of-predetermined causes of lost drilling performance comprises stick-slip.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of combining said identified probabilities for each of said predetermined causes of lost drilling performance comprises summing said identified probabilities.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of identifying the probability that each of said parameters determined to be present in said drilling operation are caused by each of a plurality of predetermined causes of lost drilling performance comprising retrieving said probabilities from a data base in which said probabilities are stored.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining from the determined values of the plurality of operating parameters whether at least one of a plurality of predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance are present in the drilling operation further comprises:

comparing the determined values of the plurality of operating parameters to a predetermined criteria for each one of the plurality of predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance; and

determining if the determined values of the plurality of operating parameters are within the predetermined criteria for each one of the plurality of predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance so to identify each of the respective plurality of predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance is present in the drilling operation.

11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions for performing a method of monitoring the operation of a drill string drilling into an earthen formation so as to form a bore hole using a drill bit, the method comprising the steps of:

determining the values of a plurality of operating parameters associated with said underground drilling operation, the values of the plurality of operating parameters obtained from a plurality of sensors, at least a portion of said sensors located in said bottom hole assembly, the plurality of operating parameters including at least a vibration of the drill string;

determining from said determined values of said plurality of operating parameters whether at least one of a plurality of predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance are present in said drilling operation;

identifying the probability that each of the predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance determined to be present in said drilling operation are caused by each of a plurality of predetermined causes of lost drilling performance;

combining said identified probabilities for each of said the respective plurality of predetermined causes of lost drilling performance for each respective predetermined symptom of lost drilling performance determined to be present in the drilling operation, wherein the greatest combined probabilities among the respective plurality of predetermined causes of lost drilling performance is the most likely cause of lost drilling performance present in said drilling operation.

12. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the step of identifying the probability that each of said parameters determined to be present in said drilling operation are caused by each of a plurality of predetermined causes of lost drilling performance comprising retrieving said probabilities from a data base in which said probabilities are stored.

13. A method of monitoring the operation of a drill string drilling into an earthen formation so as to form a bore hole using a drill bit located in a bottom hole assembly, comprising the steps of:

determining the values of a plurality of operating parameters associated with said underground drilling operation, the values of the plurality of operating parameters obtained from a plurality of sensors, at least a portion of said sensors located in said bottom hole assembly;

comparing the determined values of the plurality of operating parameters to a predetermined criteria for each one of a plurality of predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance;

determining if the determined values of the plurality of operating parameters are within the predetermined criteria for each one of the plurality of predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance so as to identify each of the respective plurality of predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance that is present in the drilling operation

identifying the probability that each of the predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance determined to be present in the drilling operation are caused by at least a first predetermined cause of lost drilling performance, a second predetermined cause of lost drilling performance, and a third predetermined cause of lost drilling performance;

combining said identified probabilities for the respective first, second and third predetermined causes of lost drilling performance for each of the plurality of predetermined symptoms of lost drilling performance determined to be present in the drilling operation; and

determining which among the first, second and third predetermined causes of lost drilling performance that has the greatest combined probabilities for each predetermined symptom of lost drilling performance that is determined to present in the drilling operation, wherein the most likely cause of lost drilling performance is the cause of lost drilling performance that has the greatest combined probabilities for each predetermined symptom.

14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the step of adjusting at least one operating parameter associated with said drilling operation based on said cause of lost drilling performance determined to be most likely present in said drilling operation.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein said plurality of operating parameters comprises at least a vibration of said drill string obtain by at least one of the plurality of sensors.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein said plurality of operating parameters comprises an amplitude of vibration of the drill string in the axial and lateral and torsional vibratory modes.

17. The method according to claim 15, wherein said plurality of operating parameters comprises a frequency of the vibration of said drill string.

18. The method according to claim 13, wherein said plurality of operating parameters comprises a weight on bit (WOB) on said drill bit and a rotary speed of said drill bit.

19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the first cause of lost drilling performance includes at least one of axial, torsional, and lateral vibration of the drill string.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the second cause of lost drilling performance includes one or more indications of the dynamics of drill string in the bore hole.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the third cause of lost drilling performance includes at least one of a plurality of operating conditions for the drilling operation.