Intra-operative registration for navigated surgical procedures
First Claim
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1. A surgical navigation method comprising the acts of:
- establishing a coordinate frame by fixing a first electromagnetic device to a patient;
acquiring two or more two-dimensional fluoroscopic images of the patient each from a different perspective using an imaging apparatus, the imaging apparatus comprising a source of X-ray radiation and an X-ray detector having a second electromagnetic device and a calibration target affixed thereto, and wherein the calibration target comprises a series of radiopaque markers that are fixed in relation to one another;
modeling a geometry of the source of X-ray radiation and the X-ray detector based at least on a geometry of the radiopaque markers in each two-dimensional fluoroscopic image to obtain a perspective from which each image was taken;
providing a pre-operative three-dimensional image, the two or more two-dimensional fluoroscopic images, tracking data representing a position and orientation of the second electromagnetic device with respect to the first electromagnetic device, and the perspective from which each two-dimensional fluoroscopic image was taken to a computerized navigation system;
generating a respective two-dimensional projection via digital radiographic reconstruction (DRR) of the pre-operative three-dimensional image using the perspective from which each two-dimensional fluoroscopic image was taken and an input pose of the imaging apparatus relative to the pre-operative three-dimensional image;
comparing the generated two-dimensional projections to the acquired two or more two-dimensional fluoroscopic images;
updating the input pose based on the comparison to generate updated projections via DRR until the updated projections meet a predetermined matching criteria with the acquired two or more two-dimensional fluoroscopic images, the predetermined criteria being a result of a registration pose; and
generating a substantially real-time three-dimensional visualization of the patient based on the registration pose and the pre-operative three-dimensional image.
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Abstract
A navigation system for use during a surgical procedure is provided. The navigation system is configured to use electromagnetic tracking data produced by electromagnetic tracking devices and 2D image data produced by a fluoroscope to intra-operatively register 2D images of a patient to a pre-operative 3D image of the patient. In some implementations, a surgeon may be able to perform an interventional or surgical procedure guided by the navigation system.
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Citations
14 Claims
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1. A surgical navigation method comprising the acts of:
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establishing a coordinate frame by fixing a first electromagnetic device to a patient; acquiring two or more two-dimensional fluoroscopic images of the patient each from a different perspective using an imaging apparatus, the imaging apparatus comprising a source of X-ray radiation and an X-ray detector having a second electromagnetic device and a calibration target affixed thereto, and wherein the calibration target comprises a series of radiopaque markers that are fixed in relation to one another; modeling a geometry of the source of X-ray radiation and the X-ray detector based at least on a geometry of the radiopaque markers in each two-dimensional fluoroscopic image to obtain a perspective from which each image was taken; providing a pre-operative three-dimensional image, the two or more two-dimensional fluoroscopic images, tracking data representing a position and orientation of the second electromagnetic device with respect to the first electromagnetic device, and the perspective from which each two-dimensional fluoroscopic image was taken to a computerized navigation system; generating a respective two-dimensional projection via digital radiographic reconstruction (DRR) of the pre-operative three-dimensional image using the perspective from which each two-dimensional fluoroscopic image was taken and an input pose of the imaging apparatus relative to the pre-operative three-dimensional image; comparing the generated two-dimensional projections to the acquired two or more two-dimensional fluoroscopic images; updating the input pose based on the comparison to generate updated projections via DRR until the updated projections meet a predetermined matching criteria with the acquired two or more two-dimensional fluoroscopic images, the predetermined criteria being a result of a registration pose; and generating a substantially real-time three-dimensional visualization of the patient based on the registration pose and the pre-operative three-dimensional image. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A method of surgical navigation comprising the acts of:
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attaching a first electromagnetic device to a patient anatomy of interest to establish a coordinate frame; performing an acquisition of two or more two-dimensional fluoroscopic images using a C-arm imaging system, wherein the C-arm imaging system comprises a second electromagnetic device and a calibration target; performing a registration operation using a computerized navigation system configured to process the coordinate frame, the two or more two-dimensional fluoroscopic images, a projection model generated using calibration data derived based upon the calibration target and spatial data derived for the C-arm using the second electromagnetic device, digital radiographic reconstruction (DRR) images generated using the projection model and a calculated pose of the C-arm imaging system relative to a three-dimensional representation of the patient anatomy of interest generated prior to surgery, and the three-dimensional representation of the patient anatomy of interest generated prior to surgery, wherein the registration operation generates a three-dimensional visualization of the patient; and monitoring a representation of a surgical tool depicted with respect to the three-dimensional visualization, wherein the surgical tool is equipped with a third electromagnetic device. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14)
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Specification