Configurations and methods for offshore LNG regasification and heating value conditioning

• US 8,695,376 B2
• Filed: 12/20/2007
• Issued: 04/15/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 04/13/2007
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fluor Technologies Corporation (Fluor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Fluor Technologies Corporation (Fluor Corporation)
• Inventors: Mak, John
• Primary Examiner(s): Jules, Frantz
• Assistant Examiner(s): RAYMOND, KEITH MICHAEL
• Application Number:
  US12/529,784
• Publication Number:
  US 20100126187A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,308 Days
• Field of Search: 62618-621, 62630-631, 62/502
• US Class Current: 62/630
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2205/0355 Insulation thereof
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/033 Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/035 Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/0161 cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/033 Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2225/0123 gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0135 Pumps
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0157 Compressors
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0311 Air heating
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0393 using a vaporiser
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2265/05 Regasification
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0105 Ships
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0113 floating
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0115 immerged
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0123 Terminals
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0136 Terminals
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 7/04 with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/02 in a single pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/70 Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/74 Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2210/06 : Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2215/02 : Mixing or blending of fluids to yield a certain product
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2215/62 : Ethane or ethylene
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2230/04 : Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2230/60 : the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2235/60 : the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2240/02 : Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2245/02 : Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/04 : Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2290/60 : Details about pipelines, i.e. network, for feed or product distribution
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0209 : Natural gas or substitute natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0214 : Liquefied natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0233 : separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0238 : separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0242 : separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more

Abstract

Contemplated plant configurations and methods employ a vaporized and supercritical LNG stream at an intermediate temperature that is expanded, wherein refrigeration content of the expanded LNG is used to chill one or more recompressor feed streams and to condense a demethanizer reflux. One portion of the so warmed and expanded LNG is condensed and fed to the demethanizer as reflux, while the other portion is expanded and fed to the demethanizer as feed stream. Most preferably, the demethanizer overhead is combined with a portion of the vaporized and supercritical LNG stream to form a pipeline product.

Claims

1. A method of providing a natural gas product, comprising:

providing vaporized supercritical LNG at a temperature of −

20°

F. to 20°

F. to an LNG processing unit;

expanding the vaporized LNG in the LNG processing unit, and using refrigeration content of the expanded vaporized LNG to provide cooling to a first and second recompressor discharge stream and a reflux condenser to condense C2 components from a deethanizer overhead product and to thereby completely convert the expanded vaporized LNG into a heated LNG vapor stream;

splitting the heated LNG vapor stream into a first and second vapor portion;

condensing the first vapor portion to form a reflux stream for a demethanizer, wherein the reflux stream has a temperature sufficient for recovery of at least C2 components, and turbo-expanding the second vapor portion and feeding the expanded second vapor portion to the demethanizer; and

producing a demethanizer overhead product, and feeding a demethanizer bottom product to the deethanizer.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the LNG processing unit is operated to regasify the LNG to a temperature that is a function of at least one of an LNG composition and a desired C2 recovery.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the vaporized supercritical LNG is provided from an offshore regasification unit.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the supercritical LNG has a pressure of at least 1200 psig.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the demethanizer is operated at a pressure that is at least about 10% below a critical pressure of the demethanizer bottom.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein the demethanizer is operated at a pressure of between about 550 psig to 700 psig.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the deethanizer operates at a pressure that is lower than a demethanizer operating pressure.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising a step of reducing pressure of a portion of the vaporized supercritical LNG and combining the portion at reduced pressure with the demethanizer overhead product to thereby form a pipeline product.

9. A gas treatment plant comprising:

an LNG vaporizer that is configured to provide vaporized supercritical LNG at a temperature of −

20°

F. to 20°

F.;

an expander that is coupled to the vaporizer and configured to expand the vaporized LNG to thereby form a chilled expanded LNG stream;

a first, second, and third heat exchanger configured to provide cooling to a first and second recompressor discharge stream and a reflux condenser of a deethanizer, respectively, wherein the reflux condenser is configured to condense ethane in a deethanizer overhead product, and wherein the first, second, and third heat exchangers are configured to use refrigeration content of the chilled expanded LNG stream and to thereby completely convert the expanded vaporized LNG into a heated LNG vapor stream;

a fourth heat exchanger that is configured to condense a first portion of the heated LNG vapor stream, and a demethanizer that is configured to receive the condensed first portion as a reflux and that is further configured to provide a demethanizer overhead product; and

a turbo-expander that is configured to expand a second portion of the heated LNG vapor stream to thereby form a demethanizer feed.

10. The plant of claim 9 wherein the LNG vaporizer is an offshore vaporizer.

11. The plant of claim 10 wherein the LNG vaporizer is configured to provide the vaporized supercritical LNG at a pressure of at least 1200 psig.

12. The plant of claim 9 further comprising a control unit operationally coupled to the LNG vaporizer, wherein the control unit is configured to control a temperature of the regasified LNG as a function of at least one of an LNG composition and a desired C2 recovery.

13. The plant of claim 9 wherein the demethanizer is configured to operate at a pressure that is at least about 10% below a critical pressure of the demethanizer bottom.

14. The plant of claim 9 wherein the demethanizer is configured to allow operation at a pressure of between about 550 psig to 700 psig.

15. The plant of claim 9 further comprising a deethanizer that is fluidly coupled to the demethanizer such that the demethanizer provides a bottom product to the deethanizer.

16. The plant of claim 15 wherein the deethanizer is configured to allow operation of the deethanizer at a pressure that is lower than a demethanizer operating pressure.

17. The plant of claim 9 further comprising a bypass that allows combination of the demethanizer overhead product with a portion of the vaporized supercritical LNG.

18. The plant of claim 9 wherein the reflux condenser is a deethanizer reflux condenser.