Method and apparatus for dynamic spectrum access

• US 8,699,430 B2
• Filed: 10/09/2009
• Issued: 04/15/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 10/10/2008
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The Trustees of The Stevens Institute of Technology (Stevens Institute Of Technology)
• Original Assignee: The Trustees of The Stevens Institute of Technology (Stevens Institute Of Technology)
• Inventors: Chandramouli, Rajarathnam, Sengupta, Shamik, Hong, Kai
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Warner
• Application Number:
  US12/576,849
• Publication Number:
  US 20100135226A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,649 Days
• Field of Search: 370/252, 370310-350, 370/431, 370464-465
• US Class Current: 370/329
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/252 Store and forward routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/10 Dynamic resource partitioning
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 24/02 Arrangements for optimising operational condition
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/02 Buffering or recovering information during reselection ; Modification of the traffic flow during hand-off

Abstract

Methods and apparatus are provided for the efficient use of cognitive radios in the performance of dynamic spectrum access. This includes spectrum sensing algorithms, adaptive optimized sensing of parameters based on changing radio environments, and identifying vacant channels. Protocols for switching communication links to different channels, and synchronizing communicating nodes in order to maintain reliable connectively while maximizing spectrum usage are also provided.

Claims

1. A method for facilitating communication between first and second communication devices, comprising the steps of:

establishing a first communication link between the first and second communication devices through a first channel, the first channel being licensed to a primary user, and the first and second communication devices being unlicensed devices permitted to use the first channel when it is not in use by the primary user;

monitoring the first channel to determine whether the first channel is used by the primary user in establishing a communication link therethrough, said monitoring step including the steps of determining an in-band threshold dynamically based on a first set of parameters detected in the first channel and determining a channel quality of the first channel dynamically based on a second set of parameters detected in the first channel; and

establishing a second communication link between the first and second communication devices through a second channel if the channel quality of the first channel at a given time exceeds the threshold.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of determining the in-band threshold includes the steps of detecting the first set of parameters;

and calculating the threshold based on the detected set of parameters, said detecting step and said calculating step are performed repeatedly on a predetermined time cycle.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

determining an out-band threshold dynamically based on a third set of parameters detected in the second channel;

determining a channel quality of the second channel based a fourth set of parameters detected therein; and

determining whether the second channel can be used for establishing the second communication link by comparing the out-band threshold of the second channel to the channel quality of the second channel.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of determining the in-band threshold includes the steps of collecting experimental data relating to channel parameters and building a mathematical model based on the experimental data to optimize the threshold.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the threshold is determined so as to minimize the probability associated with false detection of a primary user in a channel when the channel is not in use by the primary user of the channel, and the probability associated with false misdetection of the primary user of the channel when the channel is in use by the primary user of the channel.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the mathematical model is based on a cumulative distribution function of the channel parameters detected in the channel when the channel is in use by the primary user of the channel, and a complementary cumulative distribution function of the channel parameters detected in the channel when the channel is not in use by the primary user of the channel.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the out-band threshold is determined based on a cumulative distribution function of channel parameters detected in a channel when the channel is in use by a primary user of the channel and a complementary cumulative distribution function of the channel parameters detected in the channel when the channel is not in use by the primary user of the channel.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of parameters includes at least one of energy, PHY errors, a cyclic redundancy checking, check sum errors, medium access control addresses and Internet protocol addresses.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of parameters includes at least one of energy, PHY errors, a cyclic redundancy checking, check sum errors, medium access control addresses and Internet protocol addresses.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of establishing the second communication link includes the steps of sending a management frame from the first communication device to the second communication device through the first channel, the management frame including a list of channels available for switching communication thereto;

and establishing the second communication link through the second channel, the second channel being one of the channels in the list of channels.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the management frame includes a bitmap, the list of channels being included in the bitmap.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the bitmap includes a bitmap vector, the list of channels being included in the bitmap vector, the bitmap vector including an indication for each of the channels in the list of channels whether it is available for switching communication thereto.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein said step of establishing the second communication link includes the step of receiving a response message at the first communication device from the second communication, the response message including a selection made by the second communication device on the list of channels.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said step of establishing the second communication link includes the step of sending an acknowledgement message from the first communication device to the second communication device confirming the selection made by the second communication device.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of establishing the second communication link includes the steps of initiating a channel switching operation, said initiating step including the step of directing data transmitted from an upper layer of a communication protocol of the first communication device to a buffer for storage therein;

completing the channel switching operation by establishing the second communication link between the first and second communication devices through the second channel; and

transmitting the data stored in the buffer to the second communication device upon completing said completing step.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said directing step is performed continuously from the initiation of said initiating step until the completion of said completing step.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein said directing step includes the step of creating the buffer in a MAC layer of the first communication device.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the data stored in the buffer is transmitted to the second communication device through the second channel.