Regenerative braking control to mitigate powertrain oscillation

• US 8,712,616 B2
• Filed: 04/26/2012
• Issued: 04/29/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 04/26/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: Treharne, William David, Butcher, Jonathan Andrew, Crombez, Dale Scott, Gee, Thomas Scott
• Primary Examiner(s): FREJD, RUSSELL WARREN
• Application Number:
  US13/456,676
• Publication Number:
  US 20130289809A1
• Time in Patent Office: 733 Days
• Field of Search: 701/22, 701/36, 701/70, 701/82, 701/87, 701/90, 180/65.265, 180/65.275, 180/65.285, 703/2
• US Class Current: 701/22
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/003 to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/02 to electric heating circuits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2009 for braking
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/10 DC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/12 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/34 Cabin temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/461 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/465 Slip
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/622 by satellite navigation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/16 by display
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/26 by pedal actuation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2270/145 Structure borne vibrations
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/108 whilst braking, i.e. ABS
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 : Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/18 : of two or more battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 : having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/24 : for controlling the temperature of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/26 : by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/27 : by heating
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/14 : for vehicles propelled by ac motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 : including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/184 : with wheel brakes
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/18127 : Regenerative braking
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

A vehicle is provided with at least one wheel and a motor that is coupled to the wheel. The motor is configured to provide regenerative brake torque. The vehicle also includes at least one controller that is configured to predict future powertrain oscillation based on input indicative of a wheel speed and a total brake torque. The controller is also configured to control the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque prior to the powertrain oscillation.

Claims

1. A vehicle comprising:

at least one wheel;

a motor coupled to the wheel and configured to provide regenerative brake torque; and

at least one controller configured to predict future powertrain oscillation based on input indicative of a wheel speed and to control the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque prior to the powertrain oscillation.

2. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the at least one wheel further comprises at least one front wheel and at least one rear wheel, and wherein the wheel speed further comprises a front wheel speed and a rear wheel speed, and wherein the at least one controller is further configured to control the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque when a difference between the front wheel speed and the rear wheel speed is greater than a predetermined threshold speed.

3. The vehicle of claim 2 wherein the predetermined threshold speed is between eight and twenty rad/s.

4. The vehicle of claim 2 wherein the at least one controller is further configured to receive input indicative of a total brake torque that is based on at least one of a brake pedal position, an accelerator pedal position, a master cylinder pressure and a brake caliper pressure.

5. The vehicle of claim 4 wherein the at least one controller is further configured to minimize regenerative braking by controlling the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque to approximately zero Nm, when the difference between the front wheel speed and the rear wheel speed is greater than the predetermined threshold speed and the total brake torque is greater than a predetermined brake torque value.

6. The vehicle of claim 4 wherein the at least one controller is further configured to:

restore regenerative braking when the total brake torque is less than a predetermined brake torque value for longer than a predetermined time.

7. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the at least one controller is further configured to:

control the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque in response to the presence of at least one of a high frequency component and a high amplitude component on the wheel speed input.

8. The vehicle of claim 7 wherein the high frequency component is between five and twenty Hertz.

9. A vehicle system comprising:

a motor configured to provide regenerative brake torque to at least one wheel; and

at least one controller configured to;

predict future powertrain oscillation based on input indicative of a total brake torque, and

control the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque prior to the powertrain oscillation.

10. The vehicle system of claim 9 wherein the at least one controller is further configured to:

receive input indicative of a brake apply rate; and

control the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque when the brake apply rate is greater than a predetermined threshold rate.

11. The vehicle system of claim 10 wherein the predetermined threshold rate is greater than 10,000 Nm/s.

12. The vehicle system of claim 9 wherein the at least one controller is further configured to:

receive input indicative of a wheel speed and a brake apply rate;

calculate a vehicle speed based on the wheel speed; and

control the motor to minimize regenerative braking by reducing the regenerative brake torque, when the vehicle speed is greater than a predetermined speed and the brake apply rate is greater than a predetermined threshold rate.

13. The vehicle system of claim 12 wherein the at least one controller is further configured to:

restore regenerative braking when at least one of a) the vehicle speed less than the predetermined speed for longer than a predetermined time, and b) the total brake torque is less than a predetermined total brake torque value for greater than the predetermined time.

14. The vehicle system of claim 9 wherein the at least one controller is further configured to:

minimize regenerative braking by controlling the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque to approximately zero Nm, when the total brake torque is greater than a predetermined maximum torque value; and

limit regenerative braking by controlling the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque to an intermediate torque value when the total brake torque is less than the predetermined maximum torque value and greater than a predetermined threshold torque value.

15. The vehicle system of claim 14 wherein the predetermined maximum torque value is greater than 3,000 Nm and the predetermined threshold torque value is between 2,000 and 3,000 Nm.

16. The vehicle system of claim 14 wherein the predetermined maximum torque value corresponds to a deceleration rate of approximately −

4.9 m/s².

17. A method for controlling regenerative braking comprising:

receiving input indicative of at least one wheel speed and a total brake torque;

predicting an event associated with powertrain oscillation based on at least one of the wheel speed and the total brake torque; and

controlling a motor to reduce a regenerative brake torque prior to the event for reducing powertrain oscillation.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the at least one wheel speed input further comprises a front wheel speed and a rear wheel speed, and wherein the method further comprises:

evaluating the event based on a difference between the front wheel speed and the rear wheel speed; and

controlling the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque when the difference is greater than a predetermined speed value.

19. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

calculating a brake apply rate based on the total brake torque; and

controlling the motor to reduce regenerative braking when the brake apply rate is greater than a predetermined rate.

20. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

minimizing regenerative braking by controlling the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque to approximately zero Nm, when the total brake torque is greater than a predetermined maximum torque value; and

limiting regenerative braking by controlling the motor to reduce the regenerative brake torque to an intermediate torque value when the total brake torque is less than the predetermined maximum torque value and greater than a predetermined threshold torque value.