Battery having electrolyte with mixed solvent

• US 8,715,863 B2
• Filed: 03/22/2007
• Issued: 05/06/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 05/20/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Quallion, LLC (EnerSys)
• Original Assignee: Quallion, LLC (EnerSys)
• Inventors: Zhang, Zhengcheng, Lam, Phuong-Nghi Karen, Nagata, Mikito, Tsukamoto, Hisashi
• Primary Examiner(s): DOUYETTE, KENNETH J
• Application Number:
  US11/726,632
• Publication Number:
  US 20120171578A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,602 Days
• Field of Search: 429/331, 429/326, 429/341, 429/324, 429/330, 429/338, 429/342, 429/329, 429/337, 429/340, 429/307, 429/313, 429/218.1, 296/231
• US Class Current: 429/326
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0568 characterised by the solutes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0569 characterised by the solvents
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/134 Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49108 Electric battery cell making

Abstract

The battery includes an electrolyte activating one or more cathodes and one or more anodes. The electrolyte includes one or more salts in a solvent. The solvent includes one or more organic solvents and one or more silanes and/or one or more siloxanes.

Claims

1. A battery, comprising:

an electrolyte activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes,

the electrolyte including one or more salts in a solvent that includes one or more or more organic solvents and one or more components selected from a group consisting of siloxanes and silanes,

a volume ratio of the one or more organic solvents;

the one or more components being greater than 1;

4 in the electrolyte, and

at least one of the anodes including one or more anode components selected from a group consisting of lithium metal, a lithium metal alloy or a lithium metal intermetallic compound.

2. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes a siloxane and a silane.

3. The battery of claim 1, wherein at least one of the anodes includes lithium metal.

4. The battery of claim 1, wherein at least one of the anodes consists of lithium metal.

5. The battery of claim 1, wherein at least one of the anodes includes a lithium metal alloy.

6. The battery of claim 1, wherein at least one of the anodes includes a lithium metal intermetallic compound.

7. The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte includes a mixture of salts.

8. The battery of claim 7, wherein the electrolyte includes an organoborate salt.

9. The battery of claim 8, wherein the one or more salts include a non-organoborate salt in addition to the organoborate salt.

10. The battery of claim 9, wherein the organoborate salt includes a mono[bidentate]borate salt.

11. The battery of claim 9, wherein the organoborate salt includes a dihalo mono[bidentate]borate.

12. The battery of claim 9, wherein the organoborate salt includes a lithium dihalo mono[bidentate]borate.

13. The battery of claim 9, wherein the organoborate salt includes lithium difluoro oxalatoborate (LiDfOB).

14. The battery of claim 9, wherein the organoborate salt is represented by

15. The battery of claim 9, wherein the organoborate salt includes a bis[bidentate]borate.

16. The battery of claim 9, wherein the organoborate salt is represented by

17. The battery of claim 13, wherein the non-organoborate salt is selected from a group consisting of LiClO₄, LiBF₄, LiAsF₆, LiPF₆, LiSbF₆, LiCF₃SO₃, LiC₆F₅SO₃, LiC(CF₃SO₂)₃, LiN(SO₂C₂F₅)₂, LiN(SO₂CF₃)₂, LiAlCl₄, LiGaCl₄, LiSCN, LiO₂, LiO₃SCF₃, LiO₂CCF₃, LiSO₆F, LiB(C₆H₅)₄, Li-methide, Li-imide and lithium alkyl fluorophosphates.

18. The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte includes one or more silanes.

19. The battery of claim 18, wherein at least one silane includes a silicon linked to one or more substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety.

20. The battery of claim 18, wherein at least one silane is represented by Si_4-x-yR′

_xR″

_y;

wherein R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen, R′

_x is represented by Formula VIII-A or Formula VIII-C, R″

_y is represented by Formula VIII-B, x is 0 to 4, y is 0 to 4,4-x-y indicates the number of R substituents, and x+y is at least 1;

Formula VIII-A;

21. The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte includes one or more disiloxanes.

22. The battery of claim 21, wherein at least one disiloxane includes a backbone with a silicon linked to one or more substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety.

23. The battery of claim 21, wherein at least one disiloxane is represented by:

24. The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte includes one or more trisiloxanes.

25. The battery of claim 24, wherein at least one trisiloxane includes a backbone with three silicons, one or more of the silicons being linked to one or more substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety.

26. The battery of claim 24, wherein at least one trisiloxane is represented by:

27. The battery of claim 24, wherein at least one trisiloxane is represented by:

28. The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte includes one or more tetrasiloxanes.

29. The battery of claim 28, wherein at least one tetrasiloxane includes a backbone with four silicons, one or more of the silicons being linked to one or more substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety.

30. The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte includes one or more polysiloxanes.

31. The battery of claim 30, wherein at least one polysiloxane includes a backbone with five or more silicons, one or more of the silicons being linked to one or more substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety.

32. The battery of claim 20, wherein the solvent includes a siloxane in addition to the at least one silane represented by SiR_4-x-yR′

_xR″

_y.

33. The battery of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more organic solvents is selected from a group consisting of cyclic carbonates, linear carbonates, dialkyl carbonates, aliphatic carboxylate esters, linear ethers, cyclic ethers, and fluorinated carboxylate esters.

34. The battery of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more organic solvents is selected from a group consisting of propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) and dipropyl carbonate (DPC), diglyme, trigylme, tetragylme, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME).

35. The battery of claim 1, wherein the total volume of the one or more components selected from the group consisting of siloxanes and silanes is less than 50% of the solvent volume.

36. The battery of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio is also less that than 2:

4.

37. The battery of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio is such that the presence of the one more or more organic solvents in the electrolyte reduces the viscosity of the one or more components in the electrolyte.

38. A method of forming a battery comprising:

generating an electrolyte having one or more salts in a solvent that includes an organic solvent and one or more components selected from a group consisting of siloxanes and silanes,

a volume ratio of the one or more organic solvents;

the one or more components being greater than 1;

4 in the electrolyte, and

activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes with the electrolyte, at least one of the anodes including one or more anode components selected from a group consisting of lithium metal, a lithium metal alloy and a lithium metal intermetallic compound.