Electrochemical biosensor
First Claim
1. An apparatus comprising:
- a substrate including an electrically conductive layer and an electrically insulating layer, the insulating layer including a plurality of pores each having a first end and second open end and a passage therebetween, the first end of each pore being open to the conductive layer;
a plurality of carbon nanotubes each having first and second ends, each said nanotube being grown within a different one of said pores, the first end of each said nanotube being in electrical contact with said conductive layer, the second end of each said nanotube extending out of the second open end of the respective pore; and
a plurality of nanoparticles, each said nanoparticle being electrodeposited to the extension of a different one of said nanotubes, each said nanoparticle having bonded to it an enzyme for converting a substance into productswhich further comprises a plurality of electrically conductive nanowires, each said nanowire being located within a different one of said pores and providing electrical continuity from the respective nanotube of the pore to said conductive layer.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) decorated with Au-coated Pd (Au/Pd) nanocubes are employed as electrochemical biosensors that exhibit excellent sensitivity (2.6 mA mM−1 cm−2) and a low estimated detection limit (2.3 nM) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 (S/N=3) in the amperometric sensing of hydrogen peroxide. Biofunctionalization of the Au/Pd nanocube-SWCNT biosensor is demonstrated with the selective immobilization of fluorescently labeled streptavidin on the nanocube surfaces via thiol linking. Similarly, glucose oxidase (GOx) is linked to the surface of the nanocubes for amperometric glucose sensing. The exhibited glucose detection limit of 1.3_M (S/N=3) and linear range spanning from 10 μM to 50 mM substantially surpass other CNT-based biosensors. These results, combined with the structure'"'"'s compatibility with a wide range of biofunctionalization procedures, would make the nanocube-SWCNT biosensor exceptionally useful for glucose detection in diabetic patients and well suited for a wide range of amperometric detection schemes for biomarkers.
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Citations
30 Claims
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1. An apparatus comprising:
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a substrate including an electrically conductive layer and an electrically insulating layer, the insulating layer including a plurality of pores each having a first end and second open end and a passage therebetween, the first end of each pore being open to the conductive layer; a plurality of carbon nanotubes each having first and second ends, each said nanotube being grown within a different one of said pores, the first end of each said nanotube being in electrical contact with said conductive layer, the second end of each said nanotube extending out of the second open end of the respective pore; and a plurality of nanoparticles, each said nanoparticle being electrodeposited to the extension of a different one of said nanotubes, each said nanoparticle having bonded to it an enzyme for converting a substance into products which further comprises a plurality of electrically conductive nanowires, each said nanowire being located within a different one of said pores and providing electrical continuity from the respective nanotube of the pore to said conductive layer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. An apparatus comprising:
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a substrate including an electrically conductive layer and an electrically insulating layer, the insulating layer including a plurality of pores each having a first end and second open end and a passage therebetween, the first end of each pore being open to the conductive layer; a plurality of carbon nanotubes each having first and second ends, each said nanotube being grown within a different one of said pores, the first end of each said nanotube being in electrical contact with said conductive layer, the second end of each said nanotube extending out of the second open end of the respective pore; and a plurality of nanoparticles, each said nanoparticle being electrodeposited to the extension of a different one of said nanotubes, each said nanoparticle having bonded to it an enzyme for converting a substance into products wherein said substrate includes a catalytic layer placed in between said conductive layer and said insulating layer, and said nanotubes are grown from said catalytic layer. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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Specification