Building, transmitting, and receiving frame structures in power line communications

• US 8,718,115 B2
• Filed: 10/10/2011
• Issued: 05/06/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 10/08/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Dabak, Anand G., Varadarajan, Badri N., Kim, Il Han, Pande, Tarkesh
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Leon-Viet
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hassan, Sarah
• Application Number:
  US13/269,487
• Publication Number:
  US 20120093198A1
• Time in Patent Office: 939 Days
• Field of Search: 375/133, 375/142, 370/206
• US Class Current: 375/133
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/11 Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/6912 using chirp
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/30 Reducing interference caused by unbalanced currents in a normally balanced line
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/54 Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/542 the information being in digital form
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/0062 Zadoff-Chu
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/22 Parsing or analysis of headers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/324 in the data link layer [OSI layer 2], e.g. HDLC

Abstract

Systems and methods for building, transmitting, and receiving frame structures in power line communications (PLC) are described. Various techniques described herein provide a preamble design using one or more symbols based on a chirp signal that yields a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). According to some techniques, the preamble may be constructed with one or more different types and/or number of symbols configured to identify a PLC domain operating in close physical proximity to another PLC domain. According to other techniques, one or more preamble symbols may be interspersed within a header portion of a PLC frame to facilitate estimation of a frame boundary and/or sampling frequency offset, for example, in the presence of impulsive noise. According to yet other techniques, a PLC detector may be capable of receiving and decoding two or more types of PLC frames (e.g., using different PLC standards).

Claims

1. A computing device comprising:

a processor; and

a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory is configured to store program instructions, and wherein the program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the computing device to;

generate a chirp sequence having a bandwidth selected, at least in part, by subtracting an excess bandwidth parameter from a low nominal frequency and adding the excess bandwidth parameter to a high nominal frequency;

extract a phase angle of a frequency-domain version of the chirp sequence to obtain a flattened frequency spectrum;

create a phase quantized sequence based, at least in part, upon the flattened frequency spectrum;

employ the phased quantized sequence as a symbol to generate a power line communication (PLC) preamble portion of a PLC frame;

repeat the symbol N₁ times to create a first section of the PLC preamble portion, where N₁ is an integer;

repeat a phase inverted version of the symbol N₂ times to create a second section of the PLC preamble portion, where N₂ is an integer different from N₁;

extend the first and second sections of the PLC preamble portion; and

combine the first and second extended sections of the PLC preamble portion.

2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the high and low nominal frequencies are based, at least in part, upon a PLC standard, and wherein the excess bandwidth parameter is a function of a difference between the high and low nominal frequencies.

3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein to create the phase quantized sequence, the program instructions are executable by the processor to further cause the computing device to use a quantization factor smaller than another quantization factor selected based, at least in part, upon a PLC standard.

4. The computing device of claim 1, wherein to extend the first and second sections of the PLC preamble portion, the program instructions are executable by the processor to further cause the computing device to:

prepend last β

samples of the symbol to a first symbol of the first section of the PLC preamble portion and append first β

samples of the symbol to a last symbol of the first section of the PLC preamble portion to create the first extended section of the PLC preamble portion, where β

is less than a number of samples in the symbol;

window the first and last β

samples of the first extended section of the PLC preamble portion;

prepend the last β

samples of the symbol to a first symbol of the second section of the PLC preamble portion and append the first β

samples of the symbol to a last symbol of the second section of the PLC preamble portion to create second extended section of the PLC preamble portion; and

window the first and last β

samples of the second extended section of the PLC preamble portion.

5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein β

is half the number of samples in the symbol, and wherein N₁ identifies a given PLC domain.

6. A computing device comprising:

a processor; and

a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory is configured to store program instructions, and wherein the program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the computing device to;

generate a chirp sequence having a bandwidth selected, at least in part, by subtracting an excess bandwidth parameter from a low nominal frequency and adding the excess bandwidth parameter to a high nominal frequency;

extract a phase angle of a frequency-domain version of the chirp sequence to obtain a flattened frequency spectrum;

create a phase quantized sequence based, at least in part, upon the flattened frequency spectrum;

employ the phased quantized sequence as a symbol to generate a power line communication (PLC) preamble portion of a PLC frame;

repeat the symbol N₁ times to create a first section of the PLC preamble portion, where N₁ is an integer;

generate another sequence independent from than the phased quantized sequence of the symbol;

repeat the another sequence N₂ times to create a second section of the PLC preamble portion, where N₂ is an integer; and

combine the first and second sections of the PLC preamble portion.

7. The computing device of claim 6, wherein the another sequence includes a Zadoff-Chu sequence.

8. The computing device of claim 6, wherein the another sequence identifies a given PLC domain.

9. The computing device of claim 6, wherein N₁ and the another sequence in combination identify a given PLC domain.

10. A computing device comprising:

a processor; and

a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory is configured to store program instructions, and wherein the program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the computing device to;

generate a chirp sequence having a bandwidth selected, at least in part, by subtracting an excess bandwidth parameter from a low nominal frequency and adding the excess bandwidth parameter to a high nominal frequency;

extract a phase angle of a frequency-domain version of the chirp sequence to obtain a flattened frequency spectrum;

create a phase quantized sequence based, at least in part, upon the flattened frequency spectrum;

employ the phased quantized sequence as a symbol to generate a power line communication (PLC) preamble portion of a PLC frame;

identify the symbol within the PLC preamble portion of the PLC frame;

insert an instance of the symbol at a predetermined location within a PLC header portion of the PLC frame; and

cause the PLC frame to be transmitted over a power line.

11. A computing device comprising:

a processor; and

a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory is configured to store program instructions, and wherein the program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the computing device to;

generate a chirp sequence having a bandwidth selected, at least in part, by subtracting an excess bandwidth parameter from a low nominal frequency and adding the excess bandwidth parameter to a high nominal frequency;

extract a phase angle of a frequency-domain version of the chirp sequence to obtain a flattened frequency spectrum;

create a phase quantized sequence based, at least in part, upon the flattened frequency spectrum;

employ the phased quantized sequence as a symbol to generate a power line communication (PLC) preamble portion of a PLC frame;

receive another PLC frame;

in response to a determination that the computing device is operating in a multi-preamble decode mode,

attempt to decode a preamble portion of the another PLC frame using a first decoding technique, the preamble portion following one of a plurality of different PLC standards;

in response to the attempt being successful, decode the another PLC frame using the first decoding technique; and

in response to the attempt being unsuccessful, attempt to decode the preamble portion of the another PLC frame using a second decoding technique, the first and second decoding techniques each based upon a different PLC standard.