Positional measurement of a feature within an image

• US 8,718,403 B2
• Filed: 10/23/2003
• Issued: 05/06/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 10/25/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Imetrum Limited
• Original Assignee: Imetrum Limited
• Inventors: Potter, Kevin David, Setchell, Christopher
• Primary Examiner(s): Vu, Kim
• Assistant Examiner(s): BLOOM, NATHAN J
• Application Number:
  US10/532,438
• Publication Number:
  US 20060115133A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,848 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 382/291
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/20 Analysis of motion motion estimation for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals H04N19/43, H04N19/51
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/74 involving reference images or patches
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/245 by locating a pattern; Special marks for positioning

Abstract

The position of a feature within an image is determined by determining an initial estimate of the feature position to within a fraction of a pixel, translating the feature by an amount equal to that fraction of a pixel, determining a further estimate of the translated feature position to within a fraction of a pixel and summing the pixel fraction of the previous estimate with the further estimate of the position to arrive at a refined estimate of the feature position.

Claims

1. A method for determining coordinates of a feature comprising:

providing a first image including the feature, the first image comprising a plurality of pixels;

determining a first estimate of coordinates of the feature to within a fraction of a pixel;

translating the feature relative to the pixels by a pixel translation value, wherein the sum of the pixel fraction and pixel translation value is an integer value;

determining a second estimate of coordinates of the translated feature to within a fraction of a pixel; and

summing the pixel fractions of the first estimate with the second estimate to derive a refined estimate of coordinates.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second determining steps comprise:

correlating the feature and the image using a predetermined correlation function to determine coordinates of the feature to the nearest pixel;

evaluating the correlation function at a plurality of pixel positions in the neighborhood of the determined coordinates to provide a plurality of values;

fitting the plurality of values to a further function; and

differentiating the further function to determine its turning point, whereby coordinates corresponding to the turning point provide coordinates of the feature.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the correlation function is evaluated at a plurality of sub-pixel positions.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the sub-pixel positions are closer in proximity to the determined coordinates than the pixel positions.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined correlation function is a normalized greyscale correlation function.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the translating step, second determining step and summing step are repeated at least once.

7. An apparatus for determining a position of an object comprising:

an image capture device arranged to provide a captured image encompassing the object, the captured image comprising a plurality of pixels; and

an image processor arranged to receive the captured image and determine the position of the object by executing the method of claim 1.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7 further comprising:

a monitor arranged to receive and display the captured image; and

an object selection means arranged to select a further object within the displayed image and to identify the further object to the image processor.

9. An apparatus for determining a position of an object comprising:

an image capture device arranged to sequentially provide a plurality of captured images of an object, each captured image having a plurality of pixels;

an image processor arranged to sequentially receive the plurality of captured images and determine the position of the object from the plurality of captured images by executing the method of claim 1; and

a position comparator arranged to compare the determined position of the object for the plurality of captured images and identify whether the determined position changes in the plurality of captured images.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9 further arranged to determine the change in the determined position, the change selected from the group consisting of magnitude, direction, and combinations thereof.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the refined estimate of coordinates is recorded on a computer readable medium.

15. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining coordinates of the feature within a second image, the position of the second image being known relative to the first image.

16. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a difference in position of the feature between the first image and at least one second image, wherein the at least one second image includes coordinates and has a position known relative to the first image.

17. The method of claim 1, further comprising superimposing the first image and a second image to provide a superimposed image, wherein the position of the second image is known relative to the first image, and wherein the feature is substantially in registration.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is applied for monitoring an aircraft structure.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the first image is captured with an image capture device.

11. A method for determining coordinates of an object, the method comprising the steps of:

capturing at least one first image and at least one second image of the object, each image being captured having different coordinates with respect to the other;

determining the position of the object within each image, wherein determining includes;

providing the first image including a feature, the first image comprising a plurality of pixels;

determining a first estimate of coordinates of the feature to within a fraction of a pixel;

translating the feature relative to the pixels by a pixel translation value, wherein the sum of the pixel fraction and pixel translation value is an integer value;

determining a second estimate of coordinates of the translated feature to within a fraction of a pixel;

summing the pixel fractions of the first estimate with the second estimate to derive a refined estimate of coordinates; and

comparing the determined positions of the object to determine dimensional changes.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining a 2-dimensional position of the feature within the at least first image and the at least second image, wherein a position of the at least second image is known relative to the at least first image.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising calculating a 3-dimensional position of the feature from the 2-dimensional position for the at least two images.

20. The method of claim 11, wherein the coordinates are recorded on a computer readable medium.