Apparatus and method for neurocranial electrostimulation

• US 8,718,778 B2
• Filed: 09/18/2008
• Issued: 05/06/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 04/15/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: City College of New York
• Original Assignee: City College of New York
• Inventors: Bikson, Marom, Datta, Abhishek, Battaglia, Fortunato, Elwassif, Maged
• Primary Examiner(s): PATTON, AMANDA K
• Application Number:
  US12/937,950
• Publication Number:
  US 20110144716A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,056 Days
• Field of Search: 607/118, 607/152, 607 45- 46
• US Class Current: 607/45
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0529 Electrodes for brain stimulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36021 for treatment of pain
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36025 for treating a mental or cerebral condition

Abstract

There is provided method and apparatus for enhancing focality of neurocranial electrostimulation, including: providing a first plurality of electrodes having at least one electrode; providing a second plurality of electrodes having at least two electrodes; locating the first and the second plurality of electrodes on cranium of a subject and supplying electric current of opposite polarities to the first and the second plurality of electrodes. At least one electrode of the first plurality of electrodes is surrounded by at least two electrodes of the second plurality of electrodes. The enhanced focal stimulation may be used to treat ailments or augment cognitive performance. There are also provided methods for treating brain related ailments and performance augmentation.

Claims

1. A method for electrostimulation comprising:

providing a first electrode set comprising at least one electrode;

providing a second electrode set comprising at least three electrodes, wherein the number of electrodes in the second electrode set is greater than the number of electrodes in the first electrode set;

locating the first and the second sets of electrodes in a target area, the target area consisting of the exposed surface of the head and areas associated with the head of a subject;

surrounding the first electrode set with the second electrode set, such that said electrodes of the second electrode set define a shape that surrounds the at least one electrode of the first electrode set; and

delivering electric current from at least one electronic source to each of the electrodes in the first and second electrode sets, wherein all of the electrodes of the first electrode set are provided with a first electrical polarity opposite of a second electrical polarity provided to all of the electrodes of the second electrode set, and wherein no additional electrodes having a substantial current on the exposed surface of the head of said first polarity are provided outside said shape defined by said second electrode set, unless said additional electrodes are surrounded by electrodes having a substantial current of said second polarity, such that all electrodes provided on the exposed surface of the head and areas associated with the head of a subject having said first polarity and a substantial current are surrounded by electrodes having said second polarity, and

wherein the total current delivered to the electrodes of the first electrode set is substantially equal in magnitude to the total current delivered to the electrodes of the second electrode set.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode set comprises at least three electrodes defining a shape selected from the group consisting of a circle, a triangle, a square and a polygon.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of electrodes in the second electrode set is selected from the group of 3 to 650 electrodes, 3 to 600 electrodes, 3 to 550 electrodes and 4 to 500 electrodes.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first electrode set comprises one electrode and the electrodes of the second electrode set are spaced substantially equidistant from the one electrode of the first electrode set.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one electrode of the first or the second electrode sets has a shape selected from the groups consisting of circle, triangle, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, ellipse, strip, mesh, and annulus.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrodes of the first and the second electrode sets comprise of a material selected from the group consisting of silver, conducting rubber, platinum, copper, iron, steel and alloys thereof.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising monitoring electrode resistance.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one electrode of the first or second electrode set is suitably positioned to stimulate a brain region selected from a group consisting of cortex, white matter, grey matter, cerebellum, cranial nerves, motor regions, prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, sensory nerves, hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the peak current delivered to at least one electrode is greater than 1 mA.

12. The method apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode set comprises at least four electrodes.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the head and the areas associated with the head are selected from the group consisting of the cranium, scalp, face, neck, ears, eyes, forehead, cheek, chin, nose and mouth.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of delivering current at least one of:

treats a human being suffering from a brain related ailment, affects human cognitive performance, and modulates brain function.

9. A method for electro stimulation comprising:

providing a first electrode set comprising at least one electrode;

providing a second electrode set comprising at least one annular electrode having an opening;

locating the first and the second electrode sets in a target area, the target area consisting of the exposed surface of the head and areas associated with the head of a subject;

placing at least one electrode of the first electrode set within the opening of the at least one annular electrode of the second electrode set; and

delivering electric current from at least one electronic source respectively to the first and second electrode sets, wherein the first electrode set is provided with a first polarity, said first polarity of the first electrode set being opposite of a second polarity provided to the second electrode set, and wherein no additional electrodes having a substantial current on the exposed surface of the head of said first polarity are provided outside said electrodes of said second electrode set, unless said additional electrodes are surrounded by electrodes having a substantial current of said second polarity, or are provided for surrounding electrodes having a substantial current of said second polarity, such that all electrodes provided on the exposed surface of the head and areas associated with the head of a subject having one of said first and second polarities are surrounded by electrodes having the opposite of said first and second polarities, or surround electrodes having the opposite of said first and second polarities, and

wherein the total current delivered to the electrodes of the first electrode set is substantially equal in magnitude to the total current delivered to the electrodes of the second electrode set.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the number of electrodes in the first electrode set is selected from a group consisting of 2 to 750 electrodes, 3 to 650 electrodes and 4 to 550 electrodes.

15. The method according to claim 9, wherein at least one electrode of the first or the second electrode set has a shape selected from the group consisting of circle, triangle, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, ellipse, strip and annulus.

16. The method according to claim 9, wherein the opening of the annular electrode has a shape selected from the group consisting of circle, triangle, quadrilateral, square, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon and ellipse.

17. The method according to claim 9, wherein the second electrode set comprises at least one ring shape electrode having a circular opening.

18. The method according to claim 9, wherein the second electrode set comprises two ring shape electrodes.

19. The method according to claim 9, wherein a distance between at least one electrode of the first electrode set and at least one annular electrode of the second electrode set is suitably selected from a range comprising of 1 cm to 50 cm, 2 cm to 40 cm, 3 cm to 30 cm and 3 cm to 25 cm.