Multi-array, multi-specific electrochemiluminescence testing

• US 8,722,323 B2
• Filed: 11/02/2010
• Issued: 05/13/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 03/10/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Meso Scale Technologies, LLC
• Original Assignee: Meso Scale Technologies, LLC
• Inventors: Wohlstadter, Jacob N., Wilbur, James L., Sigal, George B., Martin, Mark T., Guo, Liang-Hong, Fischer, Alan, Leland, Jon, Billadeau, Mark A., Helms, Larry R., Darvari, Ramin
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Chris L
• Application Number:
  US12/917,661
• Publication Number:
  US 20110124116A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,288 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 435/4
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0636 Integrated biosensor, microarrays
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0645 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5027 by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip B01L3/5023 takes precedence; micromixers B01F33/30; microreactors for synthesis B01J19/0093; microcapillary devices in general B81B1/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502715 characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 15/00 Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6825 Nucleic acid detection involving sensors
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/253 for batch operation, i.e. multisample apparatus analytical automats G01N35/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/66 electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/76 Chemiluminescence; Bioluminescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/54313 the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/5438 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/582 with fluorescent label
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/585 with a particulate label, e.g. coloured latex
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/808 Optical sensing apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/817 Enzyme or microbe electrode
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/805 Optical property
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/806 Electrical property or magnetic property
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/807 Apparatus included in process claim, e.g. physical support structures

Abstract

Materials and methods are provided for producing patterned multi-array, multi-specific surfaces for use in diagnostics. The invention provides for electrochemiluminescence methods for detecting or measuring an analyte of interest. It also provides for novel electrodes for ECL assays. Materials and methods are provided for the chemical and/or physical control of conducting domains and reagent deposition for use multiply specific testing procedures.

Claims

1. An electrode for use in the detection of an analyte by electrochemiluminescence comprising a composite containing a polymer matrix and a multiplicity of carbon particles dispersed therein, said electrode having a plurality of discrete binding domains comprising (i) a binding reagent capable of binding a component of an electrochemiluminescence assay and (ii) an assay component linked to an electrochemiluminescent label.

2. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein the carbon particles comprise from 0.5% to 50% by weight of the composite.

3. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein the carbon particles comprise from 1% to 30% by weight of the composite.

4. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein the carbon particles comprise from 2% to 20% by weight of the composite.

5. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein said composite is molded.

6. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein said composite is extruded.

7. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein said binding reagent is covalently bound to said electrode.

8. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein said binding reagent is non-covalently bound to said electrode.

9. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein said binding reagent is directly immobilized on said electrode.

10. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein said binding reagent is indirectly immobilized on said electrode via a linking agent.

11. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein said binding reagent is an antibody or fragment thereof, a nucleic acid, a receptor or an enzyme.

12. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein said carbon particles are etched or chemically modified.

13. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein said multiplicity of carbon particles includes exposed carbon particles.

14. An electrode as recited in claim 1, wherein said composite is plasma etched.

15. A method for manufacture of the electrode of claim 1 comprising:

(a) treating said composite containing said polymer matrix and said multiplicity of carbon particles dispersed therein with a plasma and (b) forming said plurality of discrete binding domains on a surface of the so-treated composite, said plurality of discrete binding domains being comprised of (i) a binding reagent capable of binding a component of an electrochemiluminescence assay and (ii) an assay component linked to an electrochemiluminescent label.

16. A method as recited in claim 15, wherein two or more sequential plasma treatments are conducted.

17. A method as recited in claim 15, wherein the plasma contains an atom or compound selected from the group consisting of O₂, Ar, H₂O, N₂, NH₃, CF₄, SF₆, C₂F₆, CHF₃, CF₂Cl₂, CF₃Br, CF₃Cl, and combinations thereof.

18. A method as recited in claim 15 wherein said plasma is generated from a single compound.

19. A method as recited in claim 15 wherein said plasma is generated from a mixture of two or more compounds.

20. A method as recited in claim 15, wherein said plasma treatment is for one or more of the purposes of:

(a) etching said polymer, or (b) derivatizing the exposed surfaces of the carbon particles dispersed in said polymer.

21. A method as recited in claim 15, wherein said plurality of binding domains are formed by introducing said binding reagent through a hole in a mask placed on said composite.

22. An electrode prepared by the method claim 15.

23. A method as recited in claim 15, wherein said multiplicity of carbon particles includes exposed carbon particles.

24. A method for manufacture of the assay electrode of claim 1 comprising:

(a) treating said composite containing said polymer matrix and said multiplicity of carbon particles dispersed therein with a chemical reagent and (b) forming said plurality of binding domains on a surface of the so-treated composite, said plurality of discrete binding domains being comprised of (i) a binding reagent capable of binding a component of an electrochemiluminescence assay and (ii) an assay component linked to an electrochemiluminescent label.

25. A method as recited in claim 24, wherein said chemical reagent is an oxidizing agent.

26. A method as recited in claim 24, wherein said plurality of binding domains are formed by introducing said binding reagent through a hole in a masked placed on said composite.

27. An electrode prepared by the method of claim 24.