Monolithic electrodes and pH transducers
First Claim
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1. An electrode comprising:
- a single substrate defining a floor and walls of a walled cavity;
an electrically conductive cathode layer overlaying at least a portion of the floor of the walled cavity;
an electrically conductive contact pad overlaying at least a portion of the single substrate;
an electrically conductive via in electrical communication with the cathode layer and the contact pad; and
a porous membrane layer overlaying the cavity, wherein the porous membrane layer, the walls of the walled cavity, and the floor of the walled cavity define a chamber.
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Abstract
The disclosure provides monolithic electrodes including a substrate defining a walled cavity having a floor, an electrically conductive cathode layer overlaying the cavity floor, an electrically conductive contact pad overlaying the substrate, an electrically conductive via in electrical communication with the cathode layer and the contact pad, and a porous membrane layer overlaying the cavity and defining a chamber formed by the porous membrane layer, the walled cavity, and the cavity floor. The disclosure also provides pH transducers including monolithic indicator and reference electrodes, and methods of making and using monolithic pH electrodes and transducers.
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Citations
39 Claims
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1. An electrode comprising:
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a single substrate defining a floor and walls of a walled cavity; an electrically conductive cathode layer overlaying at least a portion of the floor of the walled cavity; an electrically conductive contact pad overlaying at least a portion of the single substrate; an electrically conductive via in electrical communication with the cathode layer and the contact pad; and a porous membrane layer overlaying the cavity, wherein the porous membrane layer, the walls of the walled cavity, and the floor of the walled cavity define a chamber. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 39)
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16. A pH transducer comprising:
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a single substrate; a pH indicator electrode formed on the single substrate; and a pH reference electrode formed on the single substrate and electrically connected to the indicator electrode by way of circuitry, wherein at least one of the pH indicator electrode or the pH reference electrode is defined by; a walled cavity having a floor and walls defined by the single substrate; an electrically conductive cathode layer overlaying at least a portion of the floor of the walled cavity; an electrically conductive contact pad overlaying at least a portion of the single substrate; an electrically conductive via in electrical communication with the cathode layer and the contact pad; a porous membrane layer overlaying the cavity, and wherein the porous membrane layer, the walls of the walled cavity, and the floor of the walled cavity define a chamber. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. A method for fabricating a monolithic pH electrode, comprising:
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forming a cavity in a surface of a single substrate, wherein the cavity has a floor and walls defined by the single substrate; depositing a silver layer overlaying at least a portion of the cavity floor; depositing a silver chloride layer overlaying at least a portion of the silver layer; depositing an electrically conductive contact pad overlaying at least a portion of the single substrate; forming an electrically conductive via in electrical communication with the silver layer and the contact pad; and applying a porous membrane layer overlaying the cavity to define a chamber formed by the porous membrane layer, the walls of the cavity, and the cavity floor. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36)
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37. A method for sensing pH within a body lumen, comprising:
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inserting into a body lumen a monolithic pH transducer comprising a single substrate, a pH indicator electrode formed on the single substrate, a pH reference electrode formed on the single substrate and electrically connected to the indicator electrode through a high impedance pH monitor formed on the single substrate, wherein at least one of the pH indicator electrode or the pH reference electrode is defined by; a walled cavity having a floor and walls defined by the single substrate; an electrically conductive cathode layer overlaying at least a portion of the floor of the walled cavity; an electrically conductive contact pad overlaying at least a portion of the single substrate; an electrically conductive via in electrical communication with the cathode layer and the contact pad; a porous membrane layer overlaying the cavity, and wherein the porous membrane layer, the walls of the walled cavity, and the floor of the walled cavity define a chamber; attaching the pH transducer to an inner wall of the body lumen; and recording the pH within the body lumen as measured by the pH monitor and pH transducer. - View Dependent Claims (38)
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Specification