Wireless high power transfer under regulatory constraints

• US 8,729,859 B2
• Filed: 06/17/2013
• Issued: 05/20/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 07/08/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: WiTricity Corporation
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Cook, Nigel P., Widmer, Hanspeter, Sieber, Lukas, Allred, David F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward
• Assistant Examiner(s): OMAR, AHMED H
• Application Number:
  US13/919,835
• Publication Number:
  US 20130278210A1
• Time in Patent Office: 337 Days
• Field of Search: 320/108
• US Class Current: 320/109
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/20 AC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/38 specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/60 Monitoring or controlling charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/2225 used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 7/00 Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/266 One coil at each side, e.g. with primary and secondary coils
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combination with power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

Improved battery-charging system for a vehicle. Primary and secondary coils are located in places where the vehicle can receive power from the primary coil by pulling into a parking space, for example. The parking space may have a coil embedded in the ground, or may have an array of coils embedded in the ground. A guidance system is disclosed. Fine positioning is also disclosed. The secondary coil in the vehicle can also be raised or lowered to improve coupling.

Claims

1. A transmitter system for wireless power, comprising:

means for generating a wireless field at a first resonant frequency for charging a device that includes a receiving antenna, the receiving antenna resonant at the first frequency;

means for generating a signal at the first resonant frequency, the signal generating means further configured to provide the signal to the wireless field generating means;

means for determining a first degree of coupling between the wireless field generating means and the receiving antenna in a first alignment position relative to the receiving antenna; and

means for adjusting an x-y alignment of the wireless field generating means relative to the receiving antenna based on the first degree of coupling, from the first alignment position to a second alignment position having a second degree of coupling between the wireless field generating means and the receiving antenna greater than the first alignment position.

2. The transmitter system of claim 1, wherein the wireless field generating means comprises a transmitting antenna configured to be resonant at the first frequency, wherein the signal generating means comprises a charging control system, wherein the coupling determination means comprises an alignment controller, and wherein the x-y alignment means comprises the alignment controller.

3. The transmitter system of claim 1, wherein said first frequency is 135 kHz.

4. The transmitter system of claim 2, wherein said transmitting antenna is a coil having a radial width larger than its axial width.

5. The transmitter system of claim 2, wherein the wireless field generating means is embedded in the ground.

6. The transmitter system of claim 2, wherein said wireless field generating means includes an array of antennas that extend over a specified area of a parking space.

7. The transmitter system of claim 5, further comprising means for selecting one of said antennas of said array.

8. The transmitter system of claim 6, further comprising means for connecting the selecting means to the selected antenna of the array.

9. The transmitter system of claim 7, wherein the selecting means comprises the charging controller and wherein the connecting means comprises a switch box.

10. The transmitter system of claim 1, wherein the signal is of a type that, when output to said wireless field generating means, transmits power to a remote receiving antenna.

11. The transmitter system of claim 1, wherein the coupling determining means comprises means for measuring the amount of power that is transferred to the receiving antenna.

12. The transmitter system of claim 11, wherein the power measuring means comprises a processor.

13. A receiver system for wireless power, comprising:

a receiving antenna coupled to a device, the receiving antenna including a coil and capacitor that are resonant at a first frequency;

a first controller configured to guide the receiving antenna of the device to a first alignment position relative to a transmitting antenna; and

a second controller configured to determine a first degree of coupling between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna in the first alignment position, and based on the first degree of coupling, the second controller further configured to adjust an x-y alignment of the receiving antenna relative to the transmitting antenna from the first alignment position to a second alignment position having a second degree of coupling between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna that is greater than the first alignment position.

14. The receiver system of claim 13, further comprising an x-y alignment control configured to align said receiving antenna relative to the transmitting antenna by moving said receiving antenna in x and y directions based on the determined first degree of coupling between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna.

15. The receiver system of claim 13, further comprising circuitry that receives a magnetically induced signal from said receiving antenna and produces power therefrom.

16. The receiver system of claim 15, wherein said circuitry is resonant at 135 kHz.

17. The receiver system of claim 13, wherein said receiving antenna is part of a battery operated vehicle.

18. A receiver system for wireless power, comprising:

means for wirelessly receiving energy from a device having a transmitting antenna that is resonant at a first frequency;

means for guiding the energy receiving means to a first alignment position relative to the transmitting antenna;

means for determining a first degree of coupling between the energy receiving means and the transmitting antenna in the first alignment position; and

means for moving the receiving energy means relative to the receiving antenna based on the first degree of coupling, from the first alignment position to a second alignment position having a second degree of coupling between the receiving energy means and the transmitting antenna that is greater than the first alignment position.

19. The receiver system of claim 18, wherein the receiving energy means comprises a receiving antenna resonant at a first frequency, wherein the guiding means comprises a guidance controller, and wherein the determining means comprises an alignment controller.

20. The receiver system of claim 19, wherein moving means laterally.