Method and apparatus for controlling an inverter using pulse mode control

• US 8,737,100 B2
• Filed: 10/09/2012
• Issued: 05/27/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 10/17/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Enphase Energy Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Solarbridge Technologies Incorporated (Totalenergies Se)
• Inventors: Chapman, Patrick L., Krein, Philip T.
• Primary Examiner(s): STERRETT, JEFFREY L
• Application Number:
  US13/647,847
• Publication Number:
  US 20130094268A1
• Time in Patent Office: 595 Days
• Field of Search: 363/17, 363/41, 363/42, 363/132, 363/95, 363/98
• US Class Current: 363/95
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/24 of photovoltaic origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/44 with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/537 using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

A method and apparatus for controlling an inverter includes operating the inverter in a one of a normal run mode or a pulse mode depending on one or more criteria. When operating in the pulse mode, the inverter generates a sinusoidal output pulse waveform including a plurality of pulses having a determined pulse width. The pulse width is less than a half-wave period of a full-cycle sinusoidal waveform and may be determined as function of, for example, the output power of the inverter, a grid voltage, and/or other criteria.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a photovoltaic module inverter, the method comprising:

determining whether to operate the photovoltaic module inverter in a sinusoidal pulse mode; and

generating, in response to determining to operate the photovoltaic module inverter in a sinusoidal pulse mode, a sinusoidal output pulse waveform at an output of the photovoltaic module inverter, the sinusoidal output pulse waveform comprising a plurality of pulse periods in which a positive pulse and a negative pulse are generated, wherein each corresponding positive pulse and negative pulse is separated from each other by a storage period in which substantially no output power is delivered by the photovoltaic module inverter.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether to operate the photovoltaic module in a sinusoidal pulse mode comprises:

comparing an output power of the photovoltaic module inverter to a reference output power; and

determining to operate the photovoltaic module inverter in the sinusoidal pulse mode in response to the output power of the photovoltaic module inverter being less than the reference output power.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising turning off an output converter of the photovoltaic module during the storage periods of the sinusoidal output pulse waveform.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining an output frequency of the photovoltaic module inverter; and

determining a pulse width value for the sinusoidal output pulse waveform, the pulse width value being less than a half-wave period of a full-cycle sinusoidal waveform at the output frequency,

wherein each positive pulse and each negative pulse of the plurality of pulse periods has a pulse width equal to the pulse width value.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the output frequency of the photovoltaic module inverter comprises setting the output frequency substantially equal to a grid frequency of a power grid to which the photovoltaic module inverter is connected.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the pulse width value comprises determining a pulse width value for the sinusoidal output pulse waveform as a function of an output power of the photovoltaic module inverter.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the sinusoidal output pulse waveform comprises generating switching signals to an output converter of the photovoltaic module inverter only for a duration equal to a pulse width of each of the positive pulses and the negative pulses.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein:

each positive pulse of each pulse period is generated in phase with a positive half-cycle of a grid waveform of a power grid to which the photovoltaic module inverter is connected, and

each negative pulse of each pulse period is generated in phase with a negative half-cycle of the grid waveform of the power grid.

9. A photovoltaic module inverter comprising:

an output converter to generate a sinusoidal output pulse waveform at an output of the photovoltaic module inverter; and

an output converter controller coupled to the output converter and configured to;

(i) determine whether to operate the output converter in a sinusoidal pulse mode, and

(ii) control the output converter, in response to a determination to operate the output converter in the sinusoidal pulse mode, to generate the sinusoidal output pulse waveform, wherein the sinusoidal output pulse waveform comprises a plurality of pulse periods, each pulse period comprising a positive pulse separated from a negative pulse by a storage period in which substantially no output power is delivered by the photovoltaic module inverter.

10. The photovoltaic module inverter of claim 9, wherein the output converter controller is configured to:

compare an output power of the photovoltaic module inverter to a reference output power; and

determine to operate the output converter in the sinusoidal pulse mode in response to a determination that the output power of the photovoltaic module inverter is less than the reference output power.

11. The photovoltaic module inverter of claim 9, wherein the output converter controller is further configured to turn off the output converter during the storage periods of the sinusoidal output pulse waveform.

12. The photovoltaic module inverter of claim 9, wherein the output converter controller is further configured to:

determine an output frequency of the photovoltaic module inverter; and

determine a pulse width value for the sinusoidal output pulse waveform, wherein the pulse width value is less than a half-wave period of a full-cycle sinusoidal waveform at the output frequency,

wherein each positive pulse and each negative pulse of the plurality of pulse periods has a pulse width equal to the pulse width value.

13. The photovoltaic module inverter of claim 12, wherein to determine the output frequency of the photovoltaic module inverter comprises to set the output frequency substantially equal to a grid frequency of a power grid to which the photovoltaic module inverter is connected.

14. The photovoltaic module inverter of claim 12, wherein to determine the pulse width value comprises to determine a pulse width value for the sinusoidal output pulse waveform as a function of an output power of the photovoltaic module inverter.

15. The photovoltaic module inverter of claim 9, wherein to control the output converter comprises to generate switching signals to the output converter only for a duration equal to a pulse width of each of the positive pulses and the negative pulses.

16. The photovoltaic module inverter of claim 9, wherein:

each positive pulse of each pulse period is generated in phase with a positive half-cycle of a grid waveform of a power grid to which the photovoltaic module inverter is connected, and

each negative pulse of each pulse period is generated in phase with a negative half-cycle of the grid waveform of the power grid.

17. One or more machine-readable media comprising a plurality of instructions stored therein, which when executed by an output converter controller of a photovoltaic module inverter, cause the output converter controller to:

determine whether to operate an output converter of the photovoltaic module inverter in a sinusoidal pulse mode; and

control the output converter, in response to a determination to operate the output converter in the sinusoidal pulse mode, to generate a sinusoidal output pulse waveform at an output of the photovoltaic module inverter, wherein the sinusoidal output pulse waveform comprises a plurality of pulse periods, each pulse period comprising a positive pulse separated from a negative pulse by a storage period in which substantially no output power is delivered by the photovoltaic module inverter.

18. The one or more machine-readable media of claim 17, wherein plurality of instructions, when executed by the output converter controller, cause the output converter controller to:

compare an output power of the photovoltaic module inverter to a reference output power; and

determine to operate the output converter in the sinusoidal pulse mode in response to a determination that the output power of the photovoltaic module inverter is less than the reference output power.

19. The one or more machine-readable media of claim 17, wherein plurality of instructions, when executed by the output converter controller, cause the output converter controller to:

determine an output frequency of the photovoltaic module inverter; and

determine a pulse width value for the sinusoidal output pulse waveform, wherein the pulse width value is less than a half-wave period of a full-cycle sinusoidal waveform at the output frequency,

wherein each positive pulse and each negative pulse of the plurality of pulse periods has a pulse width equal to the pulse width value.

20. The one or more machine-readable media of claim 17, wherein:

each positive pulse of each pulse period is generated in phase with a positive half-cycle of a grid waveform of a power grid to which the photovoltaic module inverter is connected, and

each negative pulse of each pulse period is generated in phase with a negative half-cycle of the grid waveform of the power grid.