Vehicle electrical power management and distribution

• US 8,738,268 B2
• Filed: 03/10/2011
• Issued: 05/27/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 03/10/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Original Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Inventors: Karimi, Kamiar J., Liu, Shengyi, Liffring, Mark E., Helton, Steven B., Fu, Sheau-Wei (Johnny)
• Primary Examiner(s): Khatib, Rami
• Application Number:
  US13/045,382
• Publication Number:
  US 20120232728A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,174 Days
• Field of Search: 701/1, 701/3, 701/22, 701/99, 307/9.1, 307/11, 307/18, 307/31, 307/32, 307/38, 307/39, 307/43, 307/64, 307/82, 307/83, 307/84, 700/20, 700/28, 700/286, 700/295, 700/297, 606/68, 606/98, 607/05, 607/06, 607/16, 180/65.8, 180/65.1, 244/53.R, 244/58, 244/60, 244/75.1, 244/76.R
• US Class Current: 701/99
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 2221/00 Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/44 for aircrafts
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/38 Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Abstract

Vehicles, systems, and methods are disclosed for providing and directing first power, such as vehicle generator power, and alternate sources of power. In a particular embodiment, a vehicle includes a power distribution grid that includes a plurality of power sources and a plurality of distributions buses configured to distribute power from the plurality of power sources. The plurality of power sources include an engine-driven power source is configured to provide first power where the first power has first power characteristics. The plurality of power sources also includes a plurality of engine-independent power sources including a first alternate power source configured to provide first alternate power. The first alternate power has first alternate power characteristics that are different than the first power characteristics. The plurality of engine-independent power sources also includes a second alternate power source configured to provide second alternate power. The second alternate power has second alternate power characteristics that are different from the first power characteristics and different from the first alternate power characteristics. The vehicle also includes a global controller that sends control signals to control generation of power by the engine-driven power source, the first alternate power source and the second alternate power source via the plurality of distribution buses responsive to power demand of the power distribution grid.

Claims

1. A vehicle comprising:

a power distribution grid comprising a plurality of power sources and a plurality of distribution buses configured to distribute power from the plurality of power sources, wherein the plurality of power sources include;

an engine-driven power source configured to provide first power, the first power having first power characteristics;

a plurality of engine-independent power sources including;

a first alternate power source configured to provide first alternate power, the first alternate power having first alternate power characteristics that are different than the first power characteristics; and

a second alternate power source configured to provide second alternate power, the second alternate power having second alternate power characteristics that are different from the first power characteristics and different from the first alternate power characteristics; and

a global controller that sends power control signals to control first total output power of the first alternate power source, second total output power of the second alternate power source, and a third total output power of the engine-driven power source supplied to the plurality of distribution buses responsive to demand on the power distribution grid.

2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein, in response to a first increase in a first demand at a first distribution bus of the plurality of distribution buses, the global controller sends a first control signal to a first local controller of the first alternate power source, wherein the first control signal causes the first local controller to adjust the first total output power of the first alternate power.

3. The vehicle of claim 2, wherein, in response to a second increase in a second demand at a second distribution bus of the plurality of distribution buses, the global controller sends a second control signal to a second local controller of the second alternate power source, wherein the second control signal causes the second local controller to adjust the second total output power of the second alternate power.

4. The vehicle of claim 2, further comprising a first converter coupled between the first alternate power source and the first bus distribution bus, wherein the first converter is configured to adjust the first total output power supplied by the first alternate power source to the first distribution bus, and wherein the first converter adjusts the first total output power based on the first control signal received by the first local controller.

5. The vehicle of claim 4, wherein the third total output power supplied by the engine-driven power source is supplied to the first distribution bus via a second distribution bus of the plurality of distribution buses, and further comprising a first power distribution-conversion unit configured to receive a first portion of the first power via the second distribution bus and to convert a first quantity of the first power having the first power characteristics to first supplemental power having the first alternate power characteristics.

6. The vehicle of claim 5, wherein the first converter is coupled directly to the first power distribution-conversion unit and the first power distribution-conversion unit is coupled directly to the first distribution bus.

7. The vehicle of claim 5, wherein the first converter and the first power distribution-conversion unit are coupled directly to the first distribution bus.

8. The vehicle of claim 5, further comprising a second power distribution-conversion unit configured to receive a a second portion of the first power via the second distribution bus and to convert a second quantity of the first power having the first power characteristics to second supplemental power having the second alternate power characteristics.

9. The vehicle of claim 4, further comprising a load array coupled to the first distribution bus, wherein a third alternate power source is configured to provide a fourth total output power of third alternate power to the load array, the third alternate power having the first alternate power characteristics, wherein the third alternate power source is coupled to the load array via a second converter, the second converter coupled directly to the load array and to the third alternate power source.

10. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the plurality of engine-independent power sources includes one or more of a fuel cell system, a battery, a recuperative actuator, a supercapacitor, and a thermoelectric generator.

11. The vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a local controller communicatively coupled to the global controller, wherein the local controller is configured to control the first total output power of the first alternate power source based on a first power control signal of the power control signals sent by the global controller, wherein the local controller controls the first total output power using a converter coupled between the first alternate power source and a particular distribution bus of the plurality of distribution buses.

12. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the power distribution grid further comprises a plurality of switches operable responsive to switching control signals provided from the global controller to cause power to be selectively distributed according to a control algorithm, wherein the plurality of switches includes:

a first switch electrically coupled to the engine-driven power source and a first distribution bus of the plurality of distribution buses, the first switch operable to selectively decoupled the engine-driven power source from the first distribution bus;

a second switch electrically coupled to the first alternate power source and a second distribution bus of the plurality of distribution buses, the second switch operable to selectively decoupled the first alternate power source from the second distribution bus; and

a third switch electrically coupled to the second alternate power source and a third distribution bus of the plurality of distribution buses, the third switch operable to selectively decoupled the second alternate power source from the third distribution bus.

13. A method comprising:

receiving a first signal indicating a first amount of first power having first power characteristics, the first power supplied from a first power source to a first bus of a power distribution system;

receiving a second signal indicating a second amount of first alternate power supplied from a first alternate power source, the second amount of the first alternate power having first alternate power characteristics used by a first subsystem, wherein the second signal is received from a first local controller configured to control an output of the first alternate power source to the power distribution system, and wherein the first alternate power source is an engine-independent power source;

generating, at a global controller of the power distribution system, a first command based on a comparison of the second amount indicated by the second signal to a demand of the first subsystem; and

converting, at a first converter, a first portion of the first amount of the first power from the first bus to produce a third amount of power based on the first command, the third amount of power having the first alternate power characteristics and supplied to the first subsystem.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first command is generated based on a determination that the demand of the first subsystem exceeds an available amount of power stored at the first alternate power source.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the first command is generated based on a determination that the demand of the first subsystem exceeds the second amount of the first alternate power, and wherein the first power source includes a generator and the first alternate power source provides power independently of operation of the generator.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

determining, at the global controller, a fourth amount of second alternate power supplied from a second alternate power source, the fourth amount of the second alternate power having second alternate power characteristics used by a second subsystem; and

sending a second command, from the global controller to a second converter, to cause the second converter to convert a second portion of the first amount of the first power to produce a fifth amount of power having the second alternate power characteristics, wherein the fifth amount of power having the second alternate power characteristics is supplied to the second subsystem.

17. A system comprising:

a local controller coupled to an engine-independent power source and configured to;

generate a first signal corresponding to an available amount of first power from the engine-independent power source aboard a vehicle, and

control an output of the first power from the engine-independent power source to a vehicle subsystem, the first power having first power characteristics; and

a global controller configured to;

receive the first signal,

receive a second signal corresponding to a power demand at the vehicle subsystem,

determine whether the available amount of the first power at the engine-independent power source is less than the power demand of the vehicle subsystem, and

generating a first control signal to initiate conversion of second power having second power characteristics from an engine-driven power source into additional power having the first power characteristics, wherein the additional power is available to the vehicle subsystem.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the global controller communicates with the local controller regarding a process to be employed by a converter coupled with the local controller to perform power conversion from the second power having the second power characteristics to the additional power having the first power characteristics.

19. The system of claim 17, further comprising a fault manager in communication with the global controller and the local controller, wherein the fault manager is configured to identify a fault condition and to cause the global controller to redirect available vehicle power to correct for the fault condition.

20. The system of claim 17, further comprising a regeneration manager configured to:

identify regenerated power produced by a load included in the vehicle subsystem; and

send a second control signal to the local controller to cause the regenerated power to be stored at the engine-independent power source.