Memory controller and a dynamic random access memory interface

• US 8,738,852 B2
• Filed: 08/31/2011
• Issued: 05/27/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 08/31/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NVIDIA Corporation
• Original Assignee: NVIDIA Corporation
• Inventors: Gupta, Alok, Wagner, Barry A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Farrokh, Hashem
• Application Number:
  US13/223,004
• Publication Number:
  US 20130054884A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,000 Days
• Field of Search: 711/105, 714/758
• US Class Current: 711/105
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/20 for access to input/output bus
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/38 Information transfer, e.g. on bus G06F13/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/387 for adaptation of different data processing systems to different peripheral devices, e.g. protocol converters for incompatible systems, open system

Abstract

A memory controller and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) interface are disclosed. The memory controller implements signals for the DRAM interface. The DRAM interface includes a differential clock signal, an uncalibrated parallel command bus, and a high-speed, serial address bus. The command bus may be used to initiate communication with the memory device upon power-up and to initiate calibration of the address bus.

Claims

1. A memory interface configured to communicate with a memory device, the memory interface comprising:

a differential clock channel for transmitting a reference clock signal to the memory device;

a parallel command bus for transmitting one or more commands in parallcl from the memory interface to the memory device, wherein the parallel command bus does not require calibration on power-up; and

a serial address bus for transmitting one or more addresses to the memory device, wherein each address identifies a location within the memory device, and wherein, after a power-up operation but before the one or more addresses are transmitted via the serial address bus, the serial address bus is calibrated via a link training routine.

2. The memory interface of claim 1, wherein a command transmitted via the parallel command bus is associated with at least a portion of an address transmitted substantially simultaneously in a same clock cycle via the serial address bus.

3. The memory interface of claim 1, wherein the memory device comprises a dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

4. The memory interface of claim 1, further comprising a data bus, wherein the link training routine comprises:

transmitting via the parallel command bus a first command to the memory device to indicate that a sequence of training patterns is to be sent to the memory device via the serial address bus;

transmitting via the serial address bus the sequence of training patterns to the memory device, wherein the memory device stores values that reflect received versions of the sequence of training patterns in link training registers;

transmitting via the parallel command bus a second command to the memory device to request access to the values stored in the link training registers;

reading the values stored in the link training registers via the data bus; and

based on the values read from the link training registers, determining transmission parameters associated with the serial address bus.

5. The memory interface of claim 1, wherein the memory device comprises:

a plurality of DRAM modules; and

a logic device coupled to the memory interface and including logic configured to transmit commands received via the command bus to each of the DRAM modules in the plurality of DRAM modules and, for each command, transmit one or more addresses received via the serial address bus to a particular DRAM module in the plurality of DRAM modules identified by the command.

6. The memory interface of claim 5, wherein the plurality of DRAM modules is contained within the same integrated circuit as the logic device.

7. A system comprising:

a memory device; and

a memory interface configured to communicate with the memory device, the memory interface including;

a differential clock channel for transmitting a reference clock signal to the memory device,

a parallel command bus for transmitting one or more commands from the memory interface to the memory device, wherein the parallel command bus does not require calibration on power-up; and

a serial address bus for transmitting one or more addresses to the memory device, wherein each address identifies a location within the memory device, and wherein, after a power-up operation but before the one or more addresses are transmitted via the serial address bus, the serial address bus is calibrated via a link training routine.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein a command transmitted via the parallel command bus is associated with at least a portion of an address transmitted substantially simultaneously in a same clock cycle via the serial address bus.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein the memory interface is included within a graphics processing unit (GPU).

10. The system of claim 7, wherein the memory device comprises a dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

11. The system of claim 7, wherein the memory interface further comprises a data bus and the link training routine comprises:

transmitting via the parallel command bus a first command to the memory device to indicate that a sequence of training patterns is to be sent to the memory device via the serial address bus;

transmitting via the serial address bus the sequence of training patterns to the memory device, wherein the memory device stores values that reflect received versions of the sequence of training patterns in link training registers;

transmitting via the parallel command bus a second command to the memory device to request access to the values stored in the link training registers;

reading the values stored in the link training registers via the data bus; and

based on the values read from the link training registers, determining transmission parameters associated with the serial address bus.

12. The system of claim 7, wherein the memory device comprises:

a plurality of DRAM modules; and

a logic device coupled to the memory interface and including logic configured to transmit commands received via the command bus to each of the DRAM modules in the plurality of DRAM modules and, for each command, transmit one or more addresses received via the serial address bus to a particular DRAM module in the plurality of DRAM modules identified by the command.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of DRAM modules is contained within the same integrated circuit as the logic device.

14. A method for communicating with a memory device, the method comprising:

transmitting a reference clock signal to the memory device via a differential clock channel;

transmitting one or more commands from the memory interface to the memory device via a parallel command bus, wherein the parallel command bus does not require calibration on power-up; and

transmitting one or more addresses to the memory device via a serial address bus, wherein each address identifies a location within the memory device, and after a power-up operation but before the one or more addresses are transmitted via the serial address bus, calibrating the serial address bus via a link training routine.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein a command transmitted via the parallel command bus is associated with at least a portion of an address transmitted substantially simultaneously in a same clock cycle via the serial address bus.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the memory device comprises a dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the link training routine comprises:

transmitting via the parallel command bus a first command to the memory device to indicate that a sequence of training patterns is to be sent to the memory device via the serial address bus;

transmitting via the serial address bus the sequence of training patterns to the memory device, wherein the memory device stores values that reflect received versions of the sequence of training patterns in link training registers;

transmitting via the parallel command bus a second command to the memory device to request access to the values stored in the link training registers;

reading the values stored in the link training registers via the data bus; and

based on the values read from the link training registers, determining transmission parameters associated with the serial address bus.