Electrochemical sensor
First Claim
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1. A working electrode for an electrochemical sensor for measuring pH of a fluid, comprising:
- a conducting substrate;
a first set of redox species coupled with the conducting substrate, wherein the first set of redox species comprises one or more non-polymeric redox species that are sensitive to pH, and wherein the coupling of the first set of redox species with the conducting substrate comprises one of the first set of redox species being chemically coupled with the conducting substrate, the first set of redox species being coated on the conducting substrate and the first set of redox species being deposited on the conducting substrate; and
a polymer layer which consists of polymer and which directly covers at least an area of the conducting substrate where the conducting substrate is coupled with the first set of redox species so that the polymer layer directly covers the first set of redox species, the polymer layer being configured to allow hydrogen ions to diffuse through the polymer layer to interact with the first set of redox species and to prevent diffusion of the non-polymeric redox species from the working electrode.
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Abstract
An electrochemical sensor and a method for using an electrochemical sensor are described where the electrochemical sensor comprises a working electrode having thereon one or more redox species that are sensitive to an analyte to be measured and a polymer coating that provides for interaction between the redox species and the analyte.
49 Citations
33 Claims
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1. A working electrode for an electrochemical sensor for measuring pH of a fluid, comprising:
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a conducting substrate; a first set of redox species coupled with the conducting substrate, wherein the first set of redox species comprises one or more non-polymeric redox species that are sensitive to pH, and wherein the coupling of the first set of redox species with the conducting substrate comprises one of the first set of redox species being chemically coupled with the conducting substrate, the first set of redox species being coated on the conducting substrate and the first set of redox species being deposited on the conducting substrate; and a polymer layer which consists of polymer and which directly covers at least an area of the conducting substrate where the conducting substrate is coupled with the first set of redox species so that the polymer layer directly covers the first set of redox species, the polymer layer being configured to allow hydrogen ions to diffuse through the polymer layer to interact with the first set of redox species and to prevent diffusion of the non-polymeric redox species from the working electrode. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. An electrochemical sensor for measuring pH in a fluid, comprising:
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a working electrode, the working electrode comprising a conducting substrate, a first set of redox species, a second set of redox species and a polymer layer, wherein; the first set of redox species comprises one or more non-polymeric redox species that are sensitive to pH; the second set of redox species comprises one or more non-polymeric redox species that are insensitive to pH; the first set of redox species is either chemically coupled with the conducting substrate, coated on the conducting substrate, directly immobilized on the conducting substrate or deposited on the conducting substrate and the polymer layer consists of polymer and is disposed on top of the conducting substrate and the first set of redox species thereon, and wherein the polymer layer is configured to prevent diffusion of at least the first set of non-polymeric redox species from the working electrode and to allow hydrogen ions to diffuse through the polymer layer to interact with at least the first set of redox species; a counter electrode; a reference electrode; means to apply a varying potential to the working electrode; means to measure a potential difference between the working electrode and the reference electrode; means to measure a current flow between the working electrode and the counter electrode as the applied potential causes the first and the second set of redox species to undergo at least one of oxidation and reduction; and a processor configured to process a measurement of pH from at least one of the measured potential difference and the measured current. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31)
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32. A method for electrochemically measuring pH of a fluid comprising:
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contacting a working electrode with the fluid, wherein the working electrode comprises a conducting substrate coupled with a first set of redox species which comprises one or more non-polymeric redox species that are sensitive to pH wherein the coupling of the first set of redox species with the conducting substrate comprises one of the first set of redox species being chemically coupled with the conducting substrate, the first set of redox species being coated on the conducting substrate and the first set of redox species being deposited on the conducting substrate, a second set of non-polymeric redox species that are insensitive to pH and a polymer layer which consists of polymer and which directly covers at least an area of the conducting substrate where the conducting substrate is coupled with the redox species so that the polymer layer directly covers the redox species; using the polymer layer to prevent diffusion of at least one of the first set of redox species and the second set of redox species from the working electrode; applying a varying potential between the working electrode and a reference electrode; making voltammetric measurements of at least a current flow between the working electrode and a counter electrode as the varying potential causes the first and the second set of redox species to undergo at least one of oxidation and reduction and a potential difference between the working electrode and the reference electrode; and processing the measurement of pH from the voltammetric measurements. - View Dependent Claims (33)
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Specification