Method and apparatus for a thermal control system based on virtual temperature sensor

• US 8,762,097 B2
• Filed: 04/24/2007
• Issued: 06/24/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 08/04/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Millet, Timothy John
• Primary Examiner(s): Moffat, Johnathan Teixeira
• Assistant Examiner(s): PARK, HYUN D
• Application Number:
  US11/789,615
• Publication Number:
  US 20080028778A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,618 Days
• Field of Search: 702/130, 702/57, 702/60, 702/64, 702/75, 702/79, 702/127, 702/132, 702/136, 702/181, 702/183, 702/186, 702/187, 702/178, 702/189, 374/100.102, 374/170, 374/137, 374/134, 374/152
• US Class Current: 702/130
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/206 comprising thermal management
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 10/00 Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Abstract

In one aspect, a data processing system includes a virtual temperature sensor to provide system temperature for different system configurations, and a controller coupled to the sensor to control operations of the data processing system according to the virtual temperature. The virtual temperature sensor typically derives the temperature of a particular configuration of the data processing system using mathematical models or one or more operating parameters of the data processing system. In one example, the mathematical models include a characterization table which provides the measured temperature data from various system configurations. These measurements are performed with temperature sensors positioned in ideal locations for different configuration, and are preprocessed to provide the virtual temperature computation. The characterization table also includes thermal characteristics, such as thermal time constant and thermal resistance, of the critical components at multiple thermal control states.

Claims

1. A first data processing system having more than one component configurations depending upon whether a peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, comprising:

a memory;

an interface to receive at least one peripheral component; and

a virtual temperature sensor capable of providing a first system temperature for the more than one component configurations of the first data processing system based at least on one of thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors in each of the more than one component configurations, wherein the virtual temperature sensor calculates a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface and the virtual temperature sensor comprises a characterization table stored in the memory, the characterization table having the thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system in each of the more than one component configurations, wherein the measured system temperature data on the second data processing system are processed to provide the thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature, wherein at least one of the thermal time constant data or the system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors are selected from the characterization table based at least in part on whether the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, wherein the virtual temperature sensor is configured to select at least a first one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data, if the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, and wherein the virtual temperature sensor is configured to select at least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system.

2. A system as in claim 1 wherein the virtual temperature sensor comprises a characterization model, wherein the characterization model uses the previously measured system temperature data for the more than one component configurations.

3. A system as in claim 2 wherein the characterization model further uses thermal characteristics of the components in the component configurations to provide time dependent estimates.

4. A system as in claim 1 wherein the input for the virtual temperature sensor comprises a power value for the first data processing system measured by a physical power sensor, power values for the components in the component configuration measured by one or more corresponding physical power sensors, a cooling level, or any combination thereof.

5. A system as in claim 1 wherein the output of the virtual temperature sensor comprises a time dependent temperature of the first data processing system, thermal characteristics of the components in the component configuration, or any combination thereof.

6. A system as in claim 1 wherein the output of the virtual temperature sensor comprises a physical temperature value for use by a controller adapted to receive values from a physical temperature sensor.

7. A system as in claim 1 further comprising an ambient temperature sensor for providing an ambient temperature of an environment of the first data processing system, wherein the first system temperature represents a difference between a second temperature of the configuration of the first data processing system and the ambient temperature.

8. The first data processing system of claim 1, wherein the peripheral component comprises at least one of a PCI card, a storage device, an ASA card, a hard drive, an optical drive, or a battery.

9. The first data processing system of claim 1, wherein the virtual temperature sensor is configured to calculate a first temperature, if the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface, and wherein the virtual temperature sensor is configured to calculate a second temperature, if the if the at least one peripheral component is not installed into the interface.

10. The first data processing system of claim 1, wherein the first system temperature is determined for a first location of the first data processing system in a first one of the component configurations, and for a second location of the first data processing system in second one of the component configurations.

11. A first data processing system having more than one component configurations depending upon whether a peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, comprising:

a memory;

an interface to receive at least one peripheral component;

and

a virtual temperature sensor providing a first system temperature for a component configuration of the first data processing system based at least on one of the thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors in each of the more than one component configurations, wherein the virtual temperature sensor calculates a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface, and the virtual temperature sensor comprises a characterization table stored in the memory, the characterization table having the thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system in each of the more than one component configurations, wherein the measured system temperature data on the second data processing system are processed to provide the thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature, wherein at least one of the thermal time constant data or the system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors are selected from the characterization table based at least in part on whether the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, wherein the virtual temperature sensor is configured to select at least a first one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data, if the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, and wherein the virtual temperature sensor is configured to select at least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system;

a controller coupled to the virtual temperature sensor to control operations of the first data processing system according to a virtual temperature.

12. A system as in claim 11 wherein the virtual temperature sensor comprises a characterization model, wherein the characterization model uses the previously measured system temperature data for the more than one component configurations.

13. A system as in claim 11 wherein the input for the virtual temperature sensor comprises a power value for the first data processing system measured by a physical power sensor, power values for the components in the component configuration measured by one or more corresponding physical power sensors, a cooling level, or any combination thereof.

14. A system as in claim 11 wherein the output of the virtual temperature sensor comprises a time dependent temperature of the first data processing system, thermal characteristics of the components in the component configuration, or any combination thereof.

15. A system as in claim 11 further comprising an ambient temperature sensor for providing an ambient temperature of an environment of the first data processing system, wherein the first system temperature represents a difference between a second temperature of the configuration of the first data processing system and the ambient temperature.

16. A system as in claim 11, wherein the controller controls the operations of the first data processing system based on a prediction of a temperature of the first data processing system which is a function of the virtual temperature, and a current operating state of the first data processing system.

17. A system as in claim 16, wherein the controller selects cooling capacity settings to control operations of the first data processing system.

18. A system as in claim 16, wherein the controller selects one from combinations of one or more voltage settings and one or more frequency settings to control operations of the first data processing system;

and the operating state of the first data processing system includes a voltage setting and a frequency setting.

19. A system as in claim 18, further comprising:

a voltage source, the voltage source capable of shifting from a first voltage to a second voltage to change a setting of the first data processing system without restarting or stopping the first data processing system; and

a frequency source, the frequency source capable of shifting from a first frequency to a second frequency to change a setting of the first data processing system without restarting or stopping the first data processing system.

20. A system as in claim 11, wherein the virtual temperature sensor is to determine the temperature of the first data processing system periodically for the controller to control the operations periodically.

21. A non-transitory machine readable medium containing executable computer program instructions which when executed by a first data processing system having more than one component configurations depending upon whether a peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, the first data processing system having an interface to receive at least one peripheral component, cause said system to perform a method to control the first data processing system, the method comprising:

calculating a virtual temperature representing a first system temperature for a component configuration of the first data processing system based at least on one of thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors in each of the more than one component configurations, wherein the virtual temperature is calculated as a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface and based on the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component, and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system in each of the more than one component configurations and stored in a characterization table in a memory, wherein the previously measured system temperature data on the second data processing system are processed to provide the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component of the first data processing system, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature, wherein at least a first one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors are selected from the characterization table if the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, and wherein at least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data are selected from the characterization table, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system.

22. A medium as in claim 21 wherein the virtual temperature calculation comprises using a characterization model, wherein the characterization model uses the previously measured system temperature data for the more than one component configurations.

23. A medium as in claim 22 wherein the characterization model further comprises thermal characteristics of the components in the component configurations to provide time dependent estimates.

24. A medium as in claim 21 wherein the input for the virtual temperature calculation comprises a power value for the first data processing system measured by a physical power sensor, power values for the components in the component configuration measured by one or more corresponding physical power sensors, a cooling level, or any combination thereof.

25. A medium as in claim 21 wherein the output of the virtual temperature calculation comprises a time dependent temperature of the first data processing system, thermal characteristics of the components in the component configuration, or any combination thereof.

26. A medium as in claim 21 wherein the output of the virtual temperature calculation comprises a physical temperature value for use by a controller adapted to receive values from a physical temperature sensor.

27. A medium as in claim 21, the method further comprising:

determining an ambient temperature of an environment of the first data processing system for use in the calculating,

wherein the first system temperature represents a difference between a second temperature of the configuration of the first data processing system and the ambient temperature.

28. A non-transitory machine readable medium containing executable computer program instructions which when executed by a first data processing system having more than one component configurations depending upon whether a peripheral component is present in the first data processing system and an interface to receive at least one peripheral component, cause said system to perform a method to control the first data processing system, the method comprising:

calculating a virtual temperature representing a first system temperature for a component configuration of the first data processing system based at least on one of thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors in each of the more than one component configurations, wherein the virtual temperature is calculated as a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface and based on the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component, and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system in each of the more than one component configurations and stored in a characterization table in a memory, wherein the previously measured system temperature data on the second data processing system are processed to provide the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component of the first data processing system, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature, wherein at least a first one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors are selected from the characterization table if the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system and least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data are selected from the characterization table, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system; and

controlling operations of the first data processing system according to a virtual temperature.

29. A medium as in claim 28 wherein the virtual temperature calculation comprises using a characterization model, wherein the characterization model uses previously measured system temperature data for the more than one component configurations.

30. A medium as in claim 29 wherein the input for the virtual temperature calculation comprises a power value for the first data processing system measured by a physical power sensor, power values for the components in the component configuration measured by one or more corresponding physical power sensors, a cooling level, or any combination thereof.

31. A medium as in claim 28 wherein the output of the virtual temperature calculation comprises a time dependent temperature of the first data processing system, thermal characteristics of the components in the component configuration, or any combination thereof.

32. A medium as in claim 28, the method further comprising:

determining an ambient temperature of an environment of the first data processing system for use in the calculating,

wherein the first system temperature represents a difference between a second temperature of the configuration of the first data processing system and the ambient temperature.

33. A medium as in claim 32, wherein said controlling comprises:

selecting one from a plurality of cooling capacity settings according to the ambient temperature and the virtual temperature.

34. A medium as in claim 32, wherein said controlling comprises:

selecting one from a plurality of operating settings according to the ambient temperature and the virtual temperature.

35. A medium as in claim 34, wherein the plurality of operating settings comprise combinations of one or more voltages and one or more frequencies.

36. A medium as in claim 35, wherein said controlling further comprises:

shifting from a first voltage to a second voltage according to the one of the plurality of operating settings; and

shifting from a first frequency to a second frequency according to the one of the plurality of operating settings.

37. A method to control a first data processing system having more than one component configurations depending upon whether a peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, the first data processing system having an interface to receive at least one peripheral component, the method comprising:

calculating a virtual temperature representing a first system temperature for a component configuration of the first data processing system based at least on one of thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors in each of the more than one component configurations, wherein the virtual temperature is calculated as a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface and based on the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component, and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system in each of the more than one component configurations and stored in a characterization table in a memory, wherein the previously measured system temperature data on the second data processing system are processed to provide the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component of the first data processing system, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature, wherein at least a first one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors are selected from the characterization table if the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, and wherein at least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data are selected from the characterization table, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system.

38. A method as in claim 37 wherein the virtual temperature calculation comprises using a characterization model, wherein the characterization model uses the measured system temperature data for the more than one component configurations.

39. A method as in claim 38 wherein the characterization model further uses thermal characteristics of the components in the component configurations to provide time dependent estimates.

40. A method as in claim 37 wherein the input for the virtual temperature calculation comprises a power value for the first data processing system measured by a physical power sensor, power values for the components in the component configuration measured by one or more corresponding physical power sensors, a cooling level, or any combination thereof.

41. A method as in claim 37 wherein the output of the virtual temperature calculation comprises a time dependent temperature of the first data processing system, thermal characteristics of the components in the component configuration, or any combination thereof.

42. A method as in claim 37 wherein the output of the virtual temperature calculation comprises a physical temperature value for use by a controller adapted to receive values from a physical temperature sensor.

43. A method as in claim 37 further comprising:

determining an ambient temperature of an environment of the first data processing system for use in the calculating,

wherein the first system temperature represents a difference between a second temperature of the configuration of the first data processing system and the ambient temperature.

44. A method to control a first data processing system having more than one component configurations depending upon whether at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system and an interface to receive at least one peripheral component, the method comprising:

calculating a virtual temperature representing a system temperature for a component configuration of the first data processing system based at least on one of thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors in each of the more than one component configurations, wherein the virtual temperature is calculated as a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface and based on the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component, and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system in each of the more than one component configurations and stored in a characterization table in a memory, wherein the previously measured system temperature data on the second data processing system are processed to provide the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component of the first data processing system, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature, wherein at least a first one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors are selected from the characterization table if the at least one peripheral component is present in first the data processing system, and at least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data are selected from the characterization table, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system; and

controlling operations of the first data processing system according to the virtual temperature.

45. A method as in claim 44 wherein the virtual temperature calculation comprises using a characterization model, wherein the characterization model uses the measured system temperature data for the more than one component configurations.

46. A method as in claim 44 wherein the input for the virtual temperature calculation comprises a power value for the first data processing system measured by a physical power sensor, power values for the components in the component configuration measured by one or more corresponding physical power sensors, a cooling level, or any combination thereof.

47. A method as in claim 44 wherein the output of the virtual temperature calculation comprises a time dependent temperature of the first data processing system, thermal characteristics of the components in the component configuration, or any combination thereof.

48. A method as in claim 44 further comprising:

determining an ambient temperature of an environment of the first data processing system for use in the calculating,

wherein the system temperature represents the difference between the temperature of the configuration of the first data processing system and the ambient temperature.

49. A system as in claim 48, wherein said controlling comprises:

selecting one from a plurality of cooling capacity settings according to the ambient temperature and the virtual temperature.

50. A method as in claim 48, wherein said controlling comprises:

selecting one from a plurality of operating settings according to the ambient temperature and the virtual temperature.

51. A method as in claim 50, wherein the plurality of operating settings comprise combinations of one or more voltages and one or more frequencies.

52. A method as in claim 51, wherein said controlling further comprises:

shifting from a first voltage to a second voltage according to the one of the plurality of operating settings; and

shifting from a first frequency to a second frequency according to the one of the plurality of operating settings.

53. A first data processing system having more than one component configurations depending upon whether a peripheral component is present in the first data processing system and an interface to receive at least one peripheral component, comprising:

means for determining a configuration of a component of the first data processing system;

means for determining a virtual temperature representing a system temperature for the more than one component configurations of the first data processing system, wherein the virtual temperature is calculated as a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface and based on based on thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component, and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system in each of the more than one component configurations and stored in a characterization table in a memory, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are configured to measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature, wherein at least a first one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors are selected from the characterization table if the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, and wherein at least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data are selected from the characterization table, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system.

54. A system as in claim 53 wherein the means for determining a virtual temperature comprises a characterization model, wherein the characterization model uses the measured system temperature data for the more than one component configurations.

55. A system as in claim 54 wherein the characterization model further uses thermal characteristics of the components in the component configurations to provide time dependent estimates.

56. A first data processing system having more than one component configurations depending upon whether a peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, the first data processing system having an interface to receive at least one peripheral component, comprising:

means for determining a virtual temperature representing a system temperature for a component configuration of the first data processing system based at least on thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors in each of the more than one component configurations, wherein the virtual temperature is calculated as a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface and based on the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component, and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system in each of the more than one component configurations and stored in a characterization table in a memory, wherein the previously measured system temperature data on the second data processing system are processed to provide the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component of the first data processing system, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature, wherein at least a first one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data measured by one or more physical temperature sensors are selected from the characterization table if the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, and at least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data are selected from the characterization table, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system; and

means for controlling operations of the first data processing system according to the virtual temperature.

57. A non-transitory machine readable medium containing executable computer program instructions which when executed by a first data processing system, cause said system to perform a method to control the first data processing system having an interface to receive at least one peripheral component, the method comprising:

calculating a parameter representing a first temperature for a component configuration of the first data processing system wherein the calculating uses as an input;

(a) a power level measured by a physical power sensor;

(b) a temperature sensor value previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system in each of the more than one component configurations and stored in a characterization table in a memory, wherein the parameter is calculated as a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface and based on thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component, and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on the second data processing system in more than one component configurations and stored in the characterization table in a memory, wherein the previously measured system temperature data on the second data processing system are processed to provide the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component of the first data processing system, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature;

(c) a configuration information including information about whether the at least one peripheral component is received by the interface of the first data processing system; and

(d) a cooling level, wherein at least a first one of thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and the temperature sensor value measured by one or more physical temperature sensors are selected from the characterization table if the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, and wherein at least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data are selected from the characterization table, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system.

58. A medium as in claim 57 wherein the calculating comprises using a characterization model, wherein the characterization model uses the measured system temperature data for the more than one component configuration and wherein the parameter is used in a closed loop control of at least one of thermal status or power status of the first data processing system.

59. A medium as in claim 58 wherein the characterization model further uses thermal characteristics of the components in the component configuration to provide time dependent estimates.

60. A medium as in claim 57 wherein the input for the calculating comprises a power value for the first data processing system measured by a physical power sensor, power values for the components in the component configuration measured by one or more corresponding physical power sensors, a component configuration, a cooling level, or any combination thereof.

61. A medium as in claim 57 wherein the output of the calculating comprises a time dependent temperature of the first data processing system, thermal characteristics of the components in the component configuration, or any combination thereof.

62. A medium as in claim 57 wherein the output of the calculating provides a physical temperature value for use by a controller adapted to receive values from a physical temperature sensor.

63. A medium as in claim 57, the method further comprising:

determining an ambient temperature of an environment of the first data processing system for use as the temperature sensor value,

wherein the first temperature represents a difference between a second temperature of the configuration of the first data processing system and the ambient temperature.

64. A non-transitory machine readable medium containing executable computer program instructions which when executed by a first data processing system having more than one component configurations depending upon whether a peripheral component is present in the first data processing system and an interface to receive at least one peripheral component, cause said system to perform a method to control the first data processing system, the method comprising:

calculating a parameter representing a first temperature for a component configuration of the first data processing system wherein the calculating uses as an input;

(a) a power level measured by a physical power sensor;

(b) a temperature sensor value previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system for the more than one component configurations and stored in a characterization table in a memory, wherein the parameter is calculated as a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface and based on thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component, and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on the second data processing system in more than one component configurations and stored in the characterization table in the memory, wherein the previously measured system temperature data on the second data processing system are processed to provide the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component of the first data processing system, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature;

(c) a configuration information including information about whether the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system; and

(d) a cooling level, wherein at least a first one of thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and the temperature sensor value measured by one or more physical temperature sensors is selected from the characterization table if the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, and wherein at least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data are selected from the characterization table, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system; and

controlling operations of the first data processing system according to the parameter.

65. A medium as in claim 64 wherein the calculating comprises using a characterization model, wherein the characterization model uses the measured system temperature data for the more than one component configurations.

66. A medium as in claim 65 wherein the input for the calculating comprises a power value for the first data processing system measured by a physical power sensor, power values for the components in the component configuration measured by one or more corresponding physical power sensors, a component configuration, a cooling level, or any combination thereof.

67. A medium as in claim 64 wherein the output of the calculating comprises a time dependent temperature of the first data processing system, thermal characteristics of the components in the component configuration, or any combination thereof.

68. A medium as in claim 64, the method further comprising:

determining an ambient temperature of an environment of the first data processing system for use as the temperature sensor value,

wherein the first temperature represents a difference between a second temperature of the configuration of the first data processing system and the ambient temperature.

69. A medium as in claim 68, wherein the controlling selects one cooling capacity from a plurality of cooling capacity settings according to the ambient temperature and the temperature.

70. A medium as in claim 69, wherein the plurality of operating settings comprise combinations of one or more voltages and one or more frequencies.

71. A medium as in claim 70, wherein the controlling further comprises:

shifting from a first voltage to a second voltage according to the one of the plurality of operating settings; and

shifting from a first frequency to a second frequency according to the one of the plurality of operating settings.

72. A medium as in claim 68, wherein the controlling comprises:

selecting one from a plurality of operating settings according to the ambient temperature and the temperature.

73. A method to control a first data processing system having more than one component configurations depending upon whether a peripheral component is present on the first data processing system and an interface to receive at least one peripheral component, the method comprising:

calculating a parameter representing a first temperature for a component configuration of the first data processing system wherein the calculating uses as an input;

(a) a power level measured by a physical power sensor;

(b) a temperature sensor value previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system for the more than one component configurations and stored in a characterization table in a memory, wherein the parameter is calculated as a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface and based on thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component, and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on the second data processing system in more than one component configurations and stored in the characterization table in a memory, wherein the previously measured system temperature data on the second data processing system are processed to provide the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component of the first data processing system, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature;

(c) a configuration information including information about whether the at least one peripheral component is received by the interface of the first data processing system; and

(d) a cooling level, wherein at least a first one of thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and the temperature sensor value measured by one or more physical temperature sensors is selected from the characterization table if the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, and wherein at least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data is selected from the characterization table, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system.

74. A method as in claim 73 wherein the calculating comprises using a characterization model, wherein the characterization model uses the measured system temperature data for the more than one component configuration and wherein the parameter is used in a closed loop control of at least one of thermal status or power status of the first data processing system.

75. A method as in claim 74 wherein the characterization model further uses thermal characteristics of the components in the component configurations to provide time dependent estimates.

76. A method as in claim 73 wherein the input for the calculating comprises a power value for the first data processing system measured by a physical power sensor, power values for the components in the component configuration measured by one or more corresponding physical power sensors, a component configuration, a cooling level, or any combination thereof.

77. A method as in claim 73 wherein the output of the calculating comprises a time dependent temperature of the first data processing system, thermal characteristics of the components in the component configuration, or any combination thereof.

78. A method as in claim 73 wherein the output of the calculating comprises a physical temperature value for use by a controller adapted to receive values from a physical temperature sensor.

79. A method as in claim 73 further comprising:

determining an ambient temperature of an environment of the first data processing system for use as the temperature sensor value,

wherein the first temperature represents a difference between a second temperature of the configuration of the first data processing system and the ambient temperature.

80. A method to control a first data processing system having more than one component configurations depending upon whether a peripheral component is present in the first data processing system and an interface to receive at least one peripheral component, the method comprising:

calculating a parameter representing a first temperature for a component configuration of the first data processing system wherein the calculating uses as an input;

(a) a power level measured by a physical power sensor;

(b) a temperature sensor value previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on a second data processing system for the more than one component configurations and stored in a characterization table in a memory, wherein the parameter is calculated as a predicted temperature based on whether the at least one peripheral component is installed into the interface and based on thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component, and system temperature data previously measured by one or more physical temperature sensors located on the second data processing system in more than one component configurations and stored in a characterization table in a memory, wherein the previously measured system temperature data on the second data processing system are processed to provide the thermal time constant data for the at least one peripheral component of the first data processing system, wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors measure temperatures other than an ambient air temperature and wherein the one or more physical temperature sensors are separate and different from a sensor for an ambient air temperature;

(c) a configuration information including information about whether the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system; and

(d) a cooling level, wherein at least a first one of thermal time constant data of components of the first data processing system and the temperature sensor value measured by one or more physical temperature sensors is selected from the characterization table if the at least one peripheral component is present in the first data processing system, and wherein at least a second one of the thermal time constant data and the system temperature data is selected from the characterization table, if the at least one peripheral component is not present in the first data processing system; and

controlling operations of the first data processing system according to the parameter.

81. A method as in claim 80 wherein the calculating comprises using a characterization model, wherein the characterization model uses the measured system temperature data for the more than one component configurations.

82. A method as in claim 80 wherein the input for the calculating comprises a power value for the first data processing system measured by one or more corresponding physical power sensors, power values for the components in the component configuration measured by one or more corresponding physical power sensors, a component configuration, a cooling level, or any combination thereof.

83. A method as in claim 80 wherein the output of the calculating comprises a time dependent temperature of the first data processing system, thermal characteristics of the components in the component configuration, or any combination thereof.

84. A method as in claim 80 further comprising:

determining an ambient temperature of an environment of the first data processing system for use as the temperature sensor value,

wherein the first temperature represents a difference between a second temperature of the configuration of the first data processing system and the ambient temperature.