Adaptive bandwidth estimation

• US 8,773,993 B2
• Filed: 04/12/2011
• Issued: 07/08/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 01/31/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Shojania, Hassan A., Jeong, Hyeonkuk, Abuan, Joe S., Garcia, Roberto Jr., Jansen, Thomas C., Normile, James O., Wu, Hsi-Jung, Yang, Yan, Zhou, Xiaosong
• Primary Examiner(s): Rinehart, Mark
• Assistant Examiner(s): YEUNG, MANG HANG
• Application Number:
  US13/085,456
• Publication Number:
  US 20120281715A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,183 Days
• Field of Search: 370465-468, 370229-236, 709223-226
• US Class Current: 370/232
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/0882 Utilisation of link capacity
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/10 Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route

Abstract

Some embodiments provide a method of combining multiple streams of data packets into a single combined stream in a manner that facilitates accurate estimation of bandwidth of a connection over a network between two devices. When combining the streams into the combined stream, the method associates a set of packets from a first stream and a reference packet from a second stream to form a longer sequence of packets in the combined stream. The method sends the combined stream from a first device to a second device so that the second device can estimate the bandwidth of the connection between the first and second devices based on the inter-arrival times of the packets in the sequence of packets.

Claims

1. A method of combining a plurality of streams of data packets into a single combined stream of data packets and transmitting the combined stream from a first device, the method comprising:

identifying a first set of packets from a first set of streams;

identifying a second set of packets from a different second set of streams;

associating the first set of packets with the second set of packets in the combined stream such that the associated packets have a combined size that is at least a threshold size, wherein the threshold size is at least a size needed for a second device receiving the combined stream to use the associated packets to estimate the bandwidth between the first and the second devices, wherein the associating comprises inserting into a packet in the second set of packets information that identifies at least one packet of the first set of packets;

transmitting the combined stream to the second device via a network connection between the first device and the second device;

receiving from the second device feedback comprising an estimation of bandwidth of the network connection, wherein the estimation is based on the associated packets;

determining, based on the feedback, that a set of packets having a size larger than the combined size of the associated packets would allow the second device to provide a more accurate estimation of the bandwidth; and

increasing the threshold size in response to the determining.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the associating the first set of packets with the second set of packets further comprises concatenating the first set of packets and the second set of packets in the combined stream.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one packet in the first set of data packets precedes the packets in the second set of data packets in the associated data packets.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of packets comprises one packet.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising preserving in the combined stream a time gap between two data packets from the first set of streams, wherein the preserving the time gap is performed by delaying data packets from the second set of streams that are to be associated with one of the two data packets from the first set of streams.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of streams comprises a stream of audio data packets.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of streams comprises a stream of video data packets.

8. A non-transitory computer readable medium of a first device, the non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program for combining a plurality of streams into one stream, the computer program comprising sets of instructions executable to cause a processor to:

combine different data streams of data packets into a single combined stream of data packets;

associate, in the combined stream, a first set of data packets from one or more streams with a second packet from a different stream such that the associated packets have a combined size that is at least a specified threshold size, wherein the associating comprises inserting into a packet in the first set of data packets information that identifies the second packet;

send the combined stream to a second device via a connection between the first and second devices;

receive from the second device feedback comprising an estimation of bandwidth of the connection, wherein the estimation is based on the associated packets in the combined stream;

determine, based on the feedback, that a set of packets having a size larger than the combined size of the associated packets in the combined stream would allow the second device to provide a more accurate estimation of the bandwidth; and

increase the threshold size in response to the determining.

9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first and second devices are in a communication session, wherein associating is performed periodically throughout the communication session.

10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the bandwidth of the connection is estimated by the second device based on arrival times of the associated packets at the second device.

11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the estimation of the bandwidth is adjusted by the second device based on historic estimation of bandwidth.

12. A method of increasing size of packet sequence in a stream of data packets by a first device, the method comprising:

sending a stream of data packets that includes a first packet sequence to a second device, the first packet sequence comprising a set of concatenated packets;

receiving a feedback regarding network conditions from the second device, the feedback computed by the second device based on the stream of data packets;

based on the feedback, determining whether a packet sequence larger than the first packet sequence would allow the second device to compute more accurate feedback;

when determined that a packet sequence larger than the first packet sequence would allow the second device to compute more accurate feedback, determining whether to increase size of a later packet sequence, wherein the determining whether to increase the size of the later packet sequence comprises;

determining, based on the feedback, a threshold packet sequence size that would allow the second device to compute more accurate feedback;

evaluating the sizes of one or more subsequent packet sequences sent to the second device during a specified period of time after the receiving the feedback; and

determining to increase the size of the later packet sequence if none of the evaluated sizes meet the determined threshold size; and

when determined to increase, increase the size of the later packet sequence.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the feedback comprises bandwidth measurement data that is provided by the second device.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the increasing the size of the later packet sequence comprises including additional packets in the later packet sequence, wherein the additional packets are in excess of the number of packets included in the first packet sequence.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the additional packets comprise filler data.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the additional packets comprise non-filler data.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the additional packets comprise a duplicate packet of another packet in the later packet sequence.

18. A non-transitory computer readable medium of a first device, the non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program for increasing size of packet sequence in a stream of data packets, the computer program comprising sets of instructions executable by a processor to:

send a stream of data packets that includes a first packet sequence to a second device, wherein the first packet sequence comprises a set of concatenated packets;

receive a feedback regarding network conditions from the second device, the feedback computed by the second device based on the stream of data packets;

determine, based on the feedback, whether a packet sequence larger than the first packet sequence would allow the second device to compute more accurate feedback;

when determined that a packet sequence larger than the first packet sequence would allow the second device to compute more accurate feedback, determine whether to increase size of a later packet sequence, wherein the determining whether to increase the size of the later packet sequence comprises;

determining, based on the feedback, a threshold packet sequence size that would allow the second device to compute more accurate feedback;

evaluating the sizes of one or more subsequent packet sequences sent to the second device during a specified period of time after the receiving the feedback; and

determining to increase the size of the later packet sequence if none of the evaluated sizes meet the determined threshold size; and

when determined to increase, increase the size of the later packet sequence.

19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the increasing the size of the later packet sequence comprises adjusting data processing in order to increase an amount of data in a packet in the later packet sequence.

20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the determining whether to increase the size of a later packet sequence is further based on historic sizes of packet sequences in the stream of data packets.

21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the determining whether to increase the size of the later packet sequence comprises determining whether the size of the later packet sequence meets the determined threshold size, wherein the size of the later packet sequence does not need to be incremented when the size of the later packet sequence meets the threshold size.

22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the determining whether to increase the size of the later packet sequence further comprises adjusting the specified period of time based on the feedback and historic sizes of packet sequences in the stream of data packets.