Methods and devices for sensing respiration and controlling ventilator functions
First Claim
1. A ventilation and breath sensing apparatus comprising:
- a ventilation gas delivery circuit;
a ventilation tube coupled to the ventilation gas delivery circuit and further defined by a patient airway end;
a plurality of pressure sensing elements disposed on the patient airway end of the ventilation tube andseparated by a distance, each producing independent signals, airflow through a patient airway being derived from direct measurements of pressure differentials between the plurality of pressure sensing elements;
wherein control over at least one of ventilation gas delivery timing, amplitude, speed, waveform shape, frequency, and composition is based upon a correlated combination of the signals from the pressure sensing elements and the derived airflow to adapt to a true breathing activity by a patient.
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Abstract
Improved methods and devices are described for sensing the respiration pattern of a patient and controlling ventilator functions, particularly for use in an open ventilation system. A ventilation and breath sensing apparatus may include a ventilation gas delivery circuit and a ventilation tube coupled to the ventilation gas delivery circuit. A plurality of pressure sensing elements may be separated by a distance and may produce independent signals. The signals may be used to detect pressure differentials between the plurality of pressure sensing elements. Sensing ports may be located in an airway, and connected to transducers that are valved to optimize sensitivity and overpressure protection. Airway pressure and flow can both be obtained and used to optimize ventilator synchronization and therapy.
984 Citations
30 Claims
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1. A ventilation and breath sensing apparatus comprising:
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a ventilation gas delivery circuit; a ventilation tube coupled to the ventilation gas delivery circuit and further defined by a patient airway end; a plurality of pressure sensing elements disposed on the patient airway end of the ventilation tube and separated by a distance, each producing independent signals, airflow through a patient airway being derived from direct measurements of pressure differentials between the plurality of pressure sensing elements; wherein control over at least one of ventilation gas delivery timing, amplitude, speed, waveform shape, frequency, and composition is based upon a correlated combination of the signals from the pressure sensing elements and the derived airflow to adapt to a true breathing activity by a patient. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A ventilation and breath sensing method comprising:
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directly measuring airway pressure from a first pressure sensing element; directly measuring airway pressure from a second pressure sensing element, wherein the second pressure sensing element is separated by a distance from the first pressure sensing element, and the first pressure sensing element produces a first signal independent from a second signal from the second pressure sensing element; determining a pressure differential between the first signal and the second signal; determining at least one of a tracheal, nasal and oral pressure based upon the pressure differential between the first signal and the second signal; determining at least one of a tracheal, nasal and oral airflow representative of a true breathing activity of the patient using the corresponding one of the tracheal, nasal and oral pressure; initiating ventilation from a ventilator based upon a combination of at least one of the determined tracheal, nasal and oral airflow and at least one of the tracheal, nasal, and oral pressure. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25)
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26. A ventilation and breath sensing apparatus comprising:
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a ventilation gas delivery circuit; a ventilation tube coupled to the ventilation gas delivery circuit and further defined by a patient airway end; a plurality of breath sensing elements disposed on the patient airway end of the ventilation tube including at least one pressure sensing port to directly measure airway breathing pressure to determine true breathing activity of a patient, and at least one thermal sensor, airflow through a patient airway being derived from measurements of the at least one thermal sensor; wherein control over at least one of ventilation gas delivery timing, amplitude, speed, waveform shape, frequency, and composition is based upon a correlated combination of the signals from the breath sensing elements and the derived airflow to adapt to the true breathing activity of the patient. - View Dependent Claims (27)
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28. A ventilation and breath sensing apparatus comprising:
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a ventilation interface tube with a gas delivery conduit, at least one breath sensing channel not connected to and parallel to the gas delivery channel and having an opening in communication within an airway of the patient to directly measure airway pressures, and a first sensor and a second sensor in the at least one breath sensing conduit; wherein the first sensor produces a first signal; wherein the second sensor produces a second signal; wherein the second sensor is at a distance from the first sensor and producing a signal independent from the first signal;
a processor for calculating (1) a pressure differential between the first signal and the second signal, (2) at least one of a tracheal, nasal and oral pressure derived from the pressure differential between the first signal and the second signal, and (3) at least one of a tracheal, nasal and oral air flow derived from the respective tracheal, nasal, and oral pressure representative of a true breathing activity of the patient; andwherein the processor initiates ventilation based upon a combination of at least one of the tracheal, nasal and oral air flow and at least one of the tracheal, nasal, and oral pressure. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30)
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Specification