Electrodialytic separation of gas from aqueous carbonate and bicarbonate solutions

• US 8,778,156 B2
• Filed: 12/15/2010
• Issued: 07/15/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 12/15/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Eisaman, Matthew D., Littau, Karl A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Phasge, Arun S
• Application Number:
  US12/969,485
• Publication Number:
  US 20120152744A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,308 Days
• Field of Search: 204/528, 204/529, 204/531, 204/534, 204/537, 204/538, 204/631
• US Class Current: 204/528
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/24 Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1425 Regeneration of liquid absorbents
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1475 Removing carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/422 Electrodialysis
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/44 Ion-selective electrodialysis
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/445 with bipolar membranes; Water splitting
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 17/501 by reduction of sulfur compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/05 Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
• CPC Class Codes: C01C 1/02 Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/151 Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/54 using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Abstract

A process for producing a gas using an electrodialysis apparatus includes flowing at least two solutions and an electrode solution into the apparatus, pressurizing the apparatus at a stack pressure, applying a voltage to the apparatus'"'"'s electrodialysis stack so a dissolved gas is generated in the second solution, flowing the second solution out of the apparatus, regenerating the gas out of the second solution, and collecting the gas. A process for generating a product, like a gas, liquid, or supercritical fluid, using an electrodialysis apparatus includes flowing at least two solutions and an electrode solution into the apparatus, adjusting the temperature and pressure so the product will be generated from the second solution, applying a voltage to the electrodialysis stack of the apparatus so that the product is generated in the second solution, flowing the second solution out of the apparatus, and regenerating the product from the second solution.

Claims

1. A process for producing a gas using an electrodialysis apparatus comprising:

flowing at least a first solution, and a second solution into the electrodialysis apparatus, the electrodedialysis apparatus comprising two axial support members sealingly coupled to define a housing enclosing an electrodialysis stack;

flowing an electrode solution into the electrodialysis apparatus;

pressurizing the electrodialysis apparatus at a stack pressure;

applying a voltage to the electrodialysis stack of the electrodialysis apparatus such that a dissolved gas is generated in the second solution;

flowing the second solution out of the electrodialysis apparatus;

regenerating the gas out of the second solution; and

collecting the gas.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein the stack pressure is greater than an ambient pressure.

3. The process of claim 2 wherein the regenerating is achieved by depressurizing the second solution to a solution pressure that is less than the stack pressure such that a portion of the dissolved gas evolves out of the second solution.

4. The process of claim 3 wherein the solution pressure is greater than an ambient pressure such that the dissolved gas evolves out of the second solution at a gas pressure that is less than the stack pressure and greater than the ambient pressure.

5. The process of claim 2 wherein the stack pressure is approximately 200 atm or less.

6. The process of claim 1 wherein the third solution comprises a salt solution.

7. The process of claim 1 wherein the second solution comprises any one or more of a phosphoric acid, a hydrogen phosphate, and a dihydrogen phosphate.

8. The process of claim 7 wherein the first solution has a concentration of approximately 0.05 M to 2 M.

9. The process of claim 1 wherein the first solution comprises any one or more of a carbonate, a bicarbonate, a hydroxide, and a monoethanolamine.

10. The process of claim 9 wherein the first solution comprises any one or more of a KHCO₃, a K₂CO₃, a NaHCO₃, and a Na₂CO₃.

11. The process of claim 9 wherein the second solution has a concentration of 0.05 M to 2 M.

12. The process of claim 1 wherein the electrode solution comprises a hydroxide.

13. The process of claim 12 wherein the hydroxide comprises the same cation as a cation of the at least first and second solutions.

14. The process of claim 12 wherein the electrode solution has a concentration of approximately 0.1 M to 2 M.

15. The process of claim 1 wherein the gas comprises any one or more of a CO₂, a SO₂, and an NH₃.

16. The process of claim 1 wherein the at least first and second solutions are flowed into the electrodialysis apparatus at a flow velocity of approximately 60 to 300 liters per hour.

17. The process of claim 1 wherein the electrode solution is flowed into the electrodialysis apparatus at a flow velocity of approximately 200 to 600 liters per hour.

18. The process of claim 1 wherein the voltage is selected such that a current density is 10 to 150 mA/cm².

19. The process of claim 1 wherein the at least first and second solutions are held at an approximately constant pH.

20. The process of claim 1, wherein the flowing at least a first solution and a second solution comprises flowing the first solution, the second solution, and a third solution into the electrodialysis apparatus.

21. A process for generating a product from an input solution using an electrodialysis apparatus comprising:

flowing at least a first solution and a second solution into the electrodialysis apparatus, the electrodedialysis apparatus comprising two axial support members sealingly coupled to define a housing enclosing an electrodialysis stack;

flowing an electrode solution into the electrodialysis apparatus;

adjusting a temperature and a pressure of the electrodialysis apparatus, the temperature and pressure selected such that the product will be generated from the second solution;

applying a voltage to the electrodialysis stack of the electrodialysis apparatus such that the product is generated in the second solution;

flowing the second solution out of the electrodialysis apparatus; and

regenerating the product from the second solution.

22. The process of claim 21, wherein the temperature and the pressure are selected such that the product comprises one or more of a gas, a liquid, and a supercritical fluid.

23. The process of claim 22, wherein the product comprises a CO₂ liquid.

24. The process of claim 22, wherein the product comprises supercritical CO₂.