System and method for inductively transferring AC power and self alignment between a vehicle and a recharging station

• US 8,796,990 B2
• Filed: 05/13/2013
• Issued: 08/05/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 02/25/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Plugless Power Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Evatran Group, Inc.
• Inventors: Paparo, Vincenzo I., Atkins, Robert
• Primary Examiner(s): DIAO, M BAYE
• Application Number:
  US13/892,660
• Publication Number:
  US 20130249480A1
• Time in Patent Office: 449 Days
• Field of Search: 320/108, 320/109, 307/104, 336/178, 336/172
• US Class Current: 320/108
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/122 Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/38 specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/10 using inductive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0044 specially adapted for holding portable devices containing batteries H02J7/0045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/4902 Electromagnet, transformer or inductor

Abstract

A method and apparatus for hands free inductive charging of batteries for an electric vehicle is characterized by the use of a transformer having a primary coil connected with a charging station and a secondary coil connected with a vehicle. More particularly, the when the vehicle is parked adjacent to the charging station, the primary coil is displaced via a self alignment mechanism to position the primary coil adjacent to the secondary coil to maximize the inductive transfer of charging current to the secondary coil. The self alignment mechanism preferably utilizes feedback signals from the secondary coil to automatically displace the primary coil in three directions to position the primary coil for maximum efficiency of the transformer.

Claims

1. A system for charging a rechargeable battery, comprising:

a power transformer including

a first core, the first core including first, second, and third pole surface areas; and

a second core, the second core including first, second, and third pole surface areas, and wherein

the first core and the second core are separated by first, second, and third air gaps,

the first air gap separating the first pole surface area of the first core and the first pole surface area of the second core, the second air gap separating the second pole surface area of the first core and the second pole surface area of the second core, and the third air gap separating the third pole surface area of the first core and the third pole surface area of the second core; and

a semi-permeable magnetic membrane comprising an epoxy binder and a ferromagnetic material embedded within the epoxy binder, wherein

the semi-permeable magnetic membrane coats each of the first, second, and third poles on the first core, and

the semi-permeable magnetic membrane coats each of the first, second, and third poles on the second core,

the first core is electrically connected to a primary voltage source, and

the second core is located apart from the first core until recharging occurs and further is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery.

2. The system for recharging according to claim 1, wherein the ferromagnetic material includes at least one of iron and steel.

3. The system for recharging according to claim 1, wherein the semi-permeable magnetic material comprises a mixture of between 30% and 90% iron or steel filings in an epoxy binder.

4. An inductively coupled battery recharging system, comprising:

a first inductive winding coupled to an exterior power source and including

a first core,

a first winding area of the first core including a first winding cross sectional area;

a first pole section of the first core including a first pole sectional area, a second pole section of the first core including a second pole sectional area, and a third pole section of the first core including a third pole section area, wherein the first core first, second and third surface areas are substantially similar in shape and size; and

a second inductive winding coupled to a rechargeable battery and including

a second core,

a second winding area of the second core including a second winding cross sectional area;

a first pole section of the second core including a first pole sectional area, and a second pole section of the second core includes a second pole sectional area, and a third pole section of the second core including a third pole sectional area, wherein the second core first, second, and third pole sectional areas are substantially similar in shape and size, the first and second core winding sectional areas are substantially similar in shape and size, and the first, second, and third pole sectional areas of the first and second cores are substantially similar in shape and size, respectively, and further wherein,

the ratio of the area of the pole of the core to the area of the winding of the core is between 2.0 and 5.0, whereby a first magnetic flux area formed between the first pole of the first core and the first pole of the second core, and a second magnetic flux area formed between the second pole of the first core and the second pole of the second core, and a third magnetic flux area formed between the third pole of the first core and the third pole of the second core are substantially contained, respectively, within a first volume formed by the cross sectional areas of the first pole of the first core and the first pole of the second core, the second pole of the first core and the second pole of the second core, and the third pole of the first core and the third pole of the second core.

5. An inductively coupled battery recharging system as defined in claim 4, wherein the ratio of the area of the pole of the core to the area of the winding of the core is about 3.2.

6. An inductively coupled battery recharging system as defined in claim 4, and further comprising a semi-permeable magnetic material comprising an epoxy binder and a ferromagnetic material embedded within the epoxy binder for coating said first and second poles on said first and second cores, respectively.

7. An inductively coupled battery recharging system as defined in claim 6, wherein the ferromagnetic material includes at least one of iron and steel.

8. An inductively coupled battery recharging system as defined in claim 6, wherein the semi-permeable magnetic material comprises a mixture of between 30% and 90% of at least one of iron and steel filings in an epoxy binder.

9. Apparatus for inductively charging a battery in a vehicle, comprising

(a) a fixture;

(b) an interface plate connected with said fixture and movable with respect thereto;

(c) a transformer including

(1) a primary coil mounted on said interface plate; and

(2) a secondary coil mounted on the vehicle, whereby when the vehicle is positioned adjacent to said fixture and said secondary coil is opposite said primary coil and power is supplied to said primary coil, inductive power is transmitted to said secondary coil to charge the vehicle battery.

10. Apparatus as defined in claim 9, and further comprising means for displacing said interface plate to position said primary coil proximate to said secondary coil.

11. Apparatus as defined in claim 10, wherein said displacing means comprises a guide plate mounted on said interface plate, said guide plate engaging a member on said vehicle and being displaced relative to said vehicle member to displace said interface plate laterally and longitudinally relative to the vehicle to align said primary and secondary coils.

12. Apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein said interface plate is pivotally connected with said fixture.

13. Apparatus as defined in claim 12, wherein said displacing means further comprises a spring for pivoting said interface plate vertically to position said primary coil proximate to said secondary coil.

14. Apparatus as defined in claim 10, and further comprising a first control module connected with said fixture and a second control module connected with said second coil said first control module controlling the operation of said first coil and said second control module controlling the operation of said second coil.

15. Apparatus as defined in claim 14, and wherein said first and second control modules include wireless communication devices for sending information between said first and second control modules.

16. Apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein said first control module is connected with said displacing means to control the movement of said interface plate.

17. Apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein said displacing means moves said interface plate laterally, longitudinally and vertically to position said first coil proximate to said second coil.

18. Apparatus as defined in claim 17, wherein said communication devices transmit information between said first and second modules relating to the strength of the magnetic field generated by said coils in order to position said interface plate in a position where energy transferred from said first coil to said second coil is maximized.