Apparatus and method for remote beam forming for DBS satellites

• US 8,817,694 B2
• Filed: 11/08/2011
• Issued: 08/26/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 05/21/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Spatial Digital Systems Inc
• Original Assignee: Spatial Digital Systems Inc
• Inventors: Chang, Donald C. D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pezzlo, John
• Application Number:
  US13/291,594
• Publication Number:
  US 20120051284A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,022 Days
• Field of Search: 370/252, 370/386, 370/486, 370/316
• US Class Current: 370/316
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/1851 Systems using a satellite or space-based relay H04B7/18508, H04B7/18521 take precedence; providing specific services H04B7/18523 - H04B7/18576
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/2041 Spot beam multiple access
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/265 Fourier transform demodulators, e.g. fast Fourier transform [FFT] or discrete Fourier transform [DFT] demodulators H04L27/26524 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/20 Adaptations for transmission via a GHz frequency band, e.g. via satellite
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/14 Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks

Abstract

A satellite broadcasting system is achieved where remote beam forming processors combined with wavefront multiplexers located among distributed ground stations are used to control downlink beam footprints and pointing directions. Digital beam forming (DBF) techniques allow a single satellite download broadcast antenna array to generate multiple independently pointed simultaneous downlinks, which may contain distinct information content. Allocation of some uplink back-channel elements as diagnostic signals allows for continuous calibration of uplink channels, improving downlink broadcast array and user broadcast performance. Wavefront multiplexing/demultiplexing allows all array element signals to be radiated by the broadcasting antenna array, with simultaneous propagation from ground stations to the broadcasting satellites through available parallel propagation channels in the uplinks of feeder links, with equalized amplitude and phase differentials. Further, additional wavefront multiplexing/demultiplexing pairs are further used to coherently broadcast signals from a remote beam forming facility on ground to cover areas through multiple broadcasting satellites.

Claims

1. A satellite broadcasting system comprising a satellite segment, a ground segment, and a user segment:

wherein the satellite segment comprising at least a first satellite, wherein the first satellite further comprising;

a M-to-M wavefront (WF) de-multiplexer (demuxer) further comprising N outputs configured to drive N array elements of a downlink broadcast antenna array,

M−

N diagnostic outputs, where M is greater than N and N is greater than 1;

wherein the ground segment comprising;

at least one digital beam forming (DBF) processor configured to multiply a content data stream with an N-component beam weight vector (BWV) to create an N-component product vector;

a M-to-M WF multiplexer (muxer), further comprising;

at least N inputs driven by corresponding ones of the N-component product vector, and M−

N diagnostic signal inputs, and

M outputs, wherein each of the M outputs further comprising a linear combination of the components of the N-component product vector and the M−

N diagnostic signals;

a M-channel equalizer adapted to pre-distort the M outputs of the M-to-M WF muxer, further adapted to dynamically compensate for phase and amplitude differentials among M propagation channels between the ground segment and the first satellite.

2. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 1, wherein at least the first satellite further comprising:

a broadcast downlink (D/L) antenna array including N elements, wherein N is a positive integer greater than one,

a frequency-domain-multiplex (FDM) de-multiplexing (demuxing) unit, configured to de-multiplex (demux) and frequency convert uplink (U/L) signals,

a plurality of feederlink devices adapted to comprise uplink (U/L) receiver and a downlink (D/L) transmitter functions;

wherein the U/L receiver is configured to receive the U/L signals from the ground segment, and

wherein the D/L transmitter is configured to radiate D/L signals from the first satellite; and

an auxiliary downlink (D/L) block, further comprising a D/L M1-to-M1 WF muxer wavefront multiplexer with M1 inputs and M1 outputs,

wherein the M1 inputs further comprising;

M1−

M satellite initiated diagnostic signals and M signal streams of the FDM demuxed channels, or onboard prime data; and

wherein the M outputs further adapted to be WF muxed, FDM muxed, amplified, and radiated via the M1 D/L back channels in the feeder-link connecting the first satellite and the ground segment.

3. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 1, wherein the ground segment further comprising:

a FDM muxing unit configured to frequency up-convert and modulate the M outputs of the M-to-M WF muxer to generate U/L signals, and

a plurality of feederlink devices, further adapted to comprise both an U/L transmitter and a D/L receiver,

wherein the D/L receiver is further adapted to receive the D/L signals from the first satellite,

wherein the U/L transmitter is further adapted to radiate U/L signals from the ground segment to the first satellite,

wherein the U/L transmitter is further adapted to have M channels, and

wherein the D/L receiver is further adapted to have M1 channels, where M1 is greater than M and M1 is a positive integer.

4. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 1, wherein the user segment further comprising at least one user terminal with at least one receiving beam capturing desired radiations from said satellite segment.

5. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 2, wherein the FDM muxing unit of the first satellite further comprising:

a de-multiplexer (demuxer) adapted to extract M analog U/L waveforms from the uplink (U/L) signals received by the U/L receive antenna; and

M frequency converters adapted to frequency convert corresponding ones of the M analog U/L waveforms to a downlink radio frequency.

6. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 1, wherein the WF demuxer of the satellite segment comprises an M-to-M Inversed Fast Fourier Transform process.

7. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 1, wherein the at least one DBF processor of the ground segment further comprising:

a plurality of complex multipliers configured to multiply the content data stream with the BWVs;

wherein each of the BWVs further comprising N configurable complex coefficients, wherein each of said configurable complex coefficients include an amplitude portion and a phase portion.

8. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 1, wherein the WF muxer of the ground segment comprises an M-to-M Fast Fourier Transform process.

9. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 1, wherein the FDM muxing unit of said ground segment further comprising:

M digital-to-analog converters adapted to synthesize M analog waveforms from corresponding ones of the M outputs of the WF muxer,

M frequency up-converters adapted to frequency up-convert corresponding ones of the M analog waveforms to radio frequencies, and

a FDM muxer adapted to combine the M analog waveforms after up-conversion to radio frequencies to form composite uplink signals.

10. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 1, wherein the ground segment is further adapted to include:

at least one of a solid-state power amplifier,

a traveling wave-tube amplifier, and

a klystron to amplify the uplink signals before transmission by the uplink transmit antenna.

11. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 1, wherein the satellite segment is further adapted to include at least N solid-state power amplifiers connected to corresponding ones of the at least N outputs of the WF demuxer.

12. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 1, wherein the ground segment further comprising an U/L optimization processor adapted to continuously calculate and update M components of a complex weighting vector in the M-channel uplink equalizer;

wherein said equalizer is further adapted to function as a pre-distortion processor.

13. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 3, wherein the D/L receiver of the ground segment is further adapted to equalize path differentials in the M1 channels, whereas the D/L receiver is further adapted to comprise:

a plurality of M1 channel first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffers,

a M1-channel D/L equalizer,

a D/L M1-to-M1 WF demuxer with M1-M output ports for diagnostic signals, and M output ports adapted to reproduce the onboard prime data,

a cost function generator,

an optimization processor with outputs further adapted to modify the weighting in the M1 channel D/L equalizer.

14. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 13, wherein the downlink WF demuxer in the downlink receiver is further adapted to have M output channels, wherein the outputs adapted to reproduce the onboard prime data.

15. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 3, wherein the ground segment is further comprising an U/L optimization loop adapted to iteratively update M-channel U/L CWVs in the pre-distortion equalizer of the uplink (U/L) paths;

wherein the U/L channel optimization loop further comprising;

a M-channel equalizer connected to the reproduced onboard prime data, wherein an uplink compensation weight vector (U/L CWV) is used for compensation weighting of said reproduced onboard prime data,

a M-to-M WF demuxer, wherein said de-muxer is adapted to duplicate the functions recovering diagnostic signals of the M-to-M WF demuxer on the first satellite,

a cost function generator adapted to;

perform cost gradient measurements based on reproduced onboard prime data, and

an optimization processor in an iterative loop to update U/L CWVs via a cost minimization algorithm.

16. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 15, wherein the optimization processor is further adapted to:

iteratively generate total cost,

perform real time total cost gradient measurements on frequency domain de-multiplexed content data,

calculate new uplink compensation weight vectors for next update based on a cost minimization algorithm, and

send the new uplink compensation weight vectors to the M-channel equalizer, wherein said equalizer continuously adjusts phases and amplitudes of M outputs of the frequency domain de-multiplexing unit accordingly.

17. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 15, wherein the optimization processor in the ground segment is further adapted to deliver currently calculated uplink compensation weight vectors to the main channel pre-compensating equalizer on a frame-by-frame basis, wherein a frame time period is between 10 to 100 iteration periods.

18. A satellite broadcasting system comprising a satellite segment, a ground segment, and a user segment, wherein:

the satellite segment comprising at least a first satellite, further adapted to comprise;

a M-to-M wavefront (WF) de-multiplexer (demuxer) with N outputs configured to drive N array elements of a downlink broadcast antenna array, and M−

N diagnostic outputs, where M is greater than N and N is greater than 1;

an onboard M-channel equalizer adapted to dynamically compensate for phase and amplitude differentials among M propagation paths;

the ground segment comprising;

at least one digital beam forming (DBF) processor configured to multiply a content data stream with an N-component beam weight vector (BWV) to create an N-component product vector;

a M-to-M wavefront (WF) multiplexer (muxer) adapted to have at least N inputs driven by corresponding ones of the N-component product vector, and adapted to have M−

N diagnostic signal inputs, where M is greater than N and N is greater than 1.

19. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 18,

wherein at least the first satellite further comprising:

a D/L broadcast antenna array including N elements, wherein N is a positive integer greater than one,

a FDM de-multiplexing (demuxing) unit configured to de-multiplex (demux) and frequency-convert uplink (U/L) signals, and

an uplink (U/L) receive antenna configured to receive the uplink (U/L) signals; and

wherein the ground segment further comprising;

a FDM muxing unit configured to frequency up-convert and modulate the M outputs of the M-to-M WF muxer to generate the uplink (U/L) signals; and

an uplink (U/L) transmit antenna configured to transmit said uplink (U/L) signals via back-channels in the feederlink,

further comprising at least one feeder-link adapted to connect the ground segment to the first satellite, wherein the feeder-link further comprising a uplink (U/L) of M communications back-channels, and

wherein the user segment further comprising at least one user terminal with at least one receiving beam adapted to capture radiations from the satellite segment.

20. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 18, wherein the M-to-M WF demuxer of the first satellite is further adapted to include M−

N received diagnostic signal outputs that are connected to corresponding ones of the M−

N inputs of a cost function generator;

wherein M is further constrained to be greater than N; and

wherein the cost function generator is adapted to generate positive numbers from a mapping process quantifying imbalances among uplink channels;

wherein the mapping process further adapted to quantitatively convert deviations of received diagnostic signals with respect to the known desired ones to positively defined real numbers.

21. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 18, for the first satellite wherein the M channel equalizer further comprising:

a plurality of complex multipliers configured to multiply the FDM demuxed content data by a compensation weighting vector (CWV),

wherein the CWV further comprising M configurable complex coefficients, each of which includes an amplitude portion and a phase portion.

22. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 18, for the first satellite further comprising an onboard optimization processor,

wherein the onboard optimization processor is further adapted to iteratively calculate optimal weightings for the onboard M-channel equalizer, wherein each iteration of the optimization processor is further adapted to:

generate total cost,

perform real time total cost gradient measurement on FDM demuxed content data,

calculate a new compensation weight vector (CWV) for next update based on a cost minimization algorithm, and

send the new CWV to the on-board M-channel equalizer, wherein the equalizer is adapted to continually adjust phases and amplitudes of outputs of the FDM demuxing unit accordingly.

23. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 18, the first satellite further comprising an onboard diagnostic block, wherein

The onboard diagnostic block further comprising a bank of first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffers, a duplicated M-channel equalizer, a duplicated WF demuxer with M−

N output ports for diagnostic signals, a duplicated cost function generator, and an optimization processor with outputs connected to the onboard equalizer in the main-path and the duplicated one in the onboard diagnostic block,

wherein the bank of FIFO buffers in the onboard diagnostic block on the first satellite is adapted to concurrently capture M parallel sequences of the FDM de-multiplexed signal streams as onboard prime data, wherein the onboard prime data is adapted to be stored for a processing frame,

wherein the FIFO buffers are updated frame by frame by new sequences of the onboard prime data;

the optimization processor is adapted to iteratively calculate optimal U/L CWV for the M-channel equalizer, wherein in each iteration the optimization processor is further adapted to;

generate total cost,

perform total cost gradient measurement on buffered frequency domain de-multiplexed content data,

calculate new compensation weight vectors for next update based on a cost minimization algorithm, and

send a new compensation weight vector (CWV) to a duplicated M-channel equalizer in the diagnostic block;

wherein the equalizer adjusts phases and amplitudes of outputs of the FDM de-mux unit accordingly for the next iteration period.

24. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 18, wherein the at least one digital beam forming (DBF) processor of the ground segment further comprising:

a plurality of complex multipliers configured to multiply the content data stream with the beam weight vectors (BWVs), wherein each of the BWVs further comprising N configurable complex coefficients, each of which includes an amplitude portion and a phase portion.

25. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 18, wherein the ground segment is further adapted to include at least one of a solid-state power amplifier, a traveling wave-tube amplifier, and a klystron adapted to amplify the uplink signals before transmission by the uplink transmit antenna.

26. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 18, wherein the FDM demux unit of the first satellite further comprising:

a de-muxer adapted to extract M analog uplink waveforms from the uplink signals received by the U/L receive antenna; and

M frequency converters adapted to frequency convert corresponding ones of the M analog uplink waveforms to a common downlink radio frequency.

27. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 18, wherein the first satellite is further adapted to include at least N solid-state power amplifiers connected to corresponding ones of the at least N outputs of the wavefront de-multiplexer.

28. The satellite broadcasting system comprising:

a satellite segment, a ground segment, and a user segment, wherein

the satellite segment further comprising at least a first satellite and a second satellite,

wherein the first satellite comprising;

a downlink broadcast antenna array including N1 elements, wherein N1 is a positive integer greater than one;

wherein the second satellite comprising;

a downlink broadcast antenna array including N2 elements, wherein N2 is a positive integer greater than one;

the ground segment further comprising;

at least a first digital beam forming (DBF) processor adapted to P1 inputs and N1 outputs and configured to multiply a content data stream from one of the P1 inputs with a first N1-component beam weight vector (BWV) to create an N1-component product vector for the broadcasting radiations by the first satellite, wherein P1 stands for number of independent beams to be radiated by the downlink broadcast antenna array on the first satellite, where P1 is an integer and P1≧

1,

at least a second digital beam forming processor adapted to P2 inputs and N2 outputs and configured to multiply a content data stream from one of the P2 inputs with a second N2-component beam weight vector to create an N2-component product vector for the broadcasting radiations by the second satellite, whereas P2 stands for number of independent beams to be radiated by the downlink broadcast antenna array on the second satellite, where P2 is an integer and P2≧

1;

a M3-to-M3 wavefront (WF) multiplexer (muxer) connected to the first DBF processor, the second DBF processor, and P3 diagnostic signal streams, whereas M3 and P3 are integers and M3=P1+P2+P3≧

3 and P3≧

1, and

an uplink antenna supporting at least a first beam aimed at the first satellite and a second beam aimed at the second satellite; and

the user segment further comprising at least one user terminal;

whereas the user terminal further adapted to comprise;

a multi-beam antenna adapted to receive broadcasting radiation from the first satellite with the first beam, and to receive the broadcasting radiation from the second satellite concurrently with a second beam,

and

a M3-to-M3 WF demuxer adapted to coherently combine the radiated power from at least the first satellite and the radiated power from the second satellite via an optimization process for dynamic path equalization.

29. The satellite broadcasting system in claim 28, where the first satellite further adapted to comprise:

an U/L receive antenna configured to receive the U/L signals,

a FDM de-muxing unit configured to demux and frequency-convert uplink (U/L) signals,

a M-to-M WF demuxer with N1 outputs, configured to drive N1 array elements of a downlink broadcast antenna array, and M−

N1 diagnostic outputs, wherein M is greater than N1 and N1 is greater than 1,

a M-channel equalizer adapted to dynamically compensate for phase and amplitude differentials among M propagation paths,

a downlink broadcast antenna array with N1 elements, wherein N1 is a positive integer greater than one; and

an onboard U/L optimization processor, wherein the on-board U/L optimization processor is adapted to;

iteratively calculate optimal weightings for the M channel equalizer,

wherein during each iteration, the optimization processor is further adapted to;

iteratively calculate optimal weightings for the M channel equalizer, generate total cost,

perform real time total cost gradient measurements on said frequency domain de-multiplexed content data,

calculate a new compensation weight vector (CWV) for next updates based on a cost minimization algorithm, and

send new CWV to the onboard M-channel equalizer, wherein said equalizer continually adjusts phase and amplitudes of outputs of the FDM demuxing unit accordingly.

30. The satellite broadcasting system in claim 28, where the second satellite further adapted to comprise:

an U/L receive antenna configured to receive U/L signals,

a FDM de-muxing unit configured to de-multiplex and frequency-convert U/L signals,

a M-to-M WF demuxer having N2 outputs configured to drive N1 array elements of a D/L broadcast antenna array, and M−

N2 diagnostic outputs, wherein M>

N2>

1,

an onboard M-channel equalizer adapted to dynamically compensate for phase and amplitude differentials among M propagation paths,

a D/L broadcast antenna array including N2 elements, wherein N2 is a positive integer greater than one, and

an onboard U/L optimization processor, wherein the onboard U/L optimization processor is further adapted to;

iteratively calculate optimal U/L CWVs for the M-channel equalizer, wherein during each iteration, the optimization processor is further adapted to;

generate total cost,

perform real time total cost gradient measurements on said FDM demuxed content data,

calculate a new U/L CWV for next update based on a cost minimization algorithm, and

send the new U/L CWV to the M-channel equalizer, wherein the equalizer continually adjusts phases and amplitudes of outputs of said FDM de-muxing unit accordingly.

31. The satellite broadcasting system in claim 28, where the user segment further adapted to comprise:

a downlink (D/L) optimization processor, wherein the optimization processor is further adapted to;

iteratively calculate optimal weightings for the M3-channel equalizer, wherein during each iteration, said optimization processor is further adapted to;

generate total cost,

perform real time total cost gradient measurements on content data broadcasted by the satellite segment,

calculate a new CWV for next updates based on a cost minimization algorithm, and

send the new CWV to said M3-channel equalizer, wherein said equalizer continually adjusts phases and amplitudes of outputs of the multi-beam antenna.

32. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 28, wherein

the at least one of the P1 inputs of the first digital beam forming (DBF) processor of the ground segment further includes an N1-component complex multiplier configured to multiply the content data stream with the N1-components;

and

the first beam weight vector (BWV) further comprising N1 configurable complex coefficients, each of which includes an amplitude portion and a phase portion.

33. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 28, wherein the ground segment for the first satellite further comprising:

M digital-to-analog converters adapted to synthesize M analog waveforms from corresponding ones of the M outputs of the M-to-M wavefront multiplexer,

M frequency up-converters adapted to frequency up-convert corresponding ones of the M analog waveforms to radio frequency; and

a FDM multiplexer adapted to combine the M analog waveforms after up-conversion to radio frequencies to form composite signals that are the uplink signals to the first satellite.

34. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 28, wherein the ground segment for the second satellite further comprising:

M digital-to-analog converters adapted to synthesize M analog waveforms from corresponding ones of the M outputs of the M-to-M wavefront multiplexer,

M frequency up-converters adapted to frequency up-convert corresponding ones of the M analog waveforms to radio frequencies, and

a multiplexer adapted to combine the M analog waveforms after up-conversion to radio frequencies to form composite signals that are the uplink signals to the second satellite.

35. The satellite broadcasting system of claim 28, wherein the ground segment is further adapted to comprise at least two solid-state power amplifiers, a traveling wave-tube amplifier, and a klystron adapted to amplify the uplink signals before transmission by the uplink transmit antenna.

36. Methods for a satellite broadcasting system comprising:

a satellite segment, a ground segment, and a user segment, wherein;

the satellite segment further comprising at least methods for a first satellite and methods for a second satellite,

wherein the methods for the first satellite comprising;

direct broadcasting from a downlink broadcast antenna array including N1 elements, wherein N1 is a positive integer greater than one;

wherein the methods for the second satellite comprising;

direct broadcasting from a downlink broadcast antenna array including N2 elements, wherein N2 is a positive integer greater than one;

the ground segment further comprising;

methods of at least a first digital beam forming (DBF) processing adapted to P1 inputs and N1 outputs and configured to multiply a content data stream from one of the P1 inputs with an N1-component beam weight vector (BWV1) to create an N1-component product vector for one of the P1 broadcasting radiations by the first satellite, wherein P1 is integer and P1≧

1;

methods of at least a second digital beam forming (DBF) processing adapted to P2 inputs and N2 outputs and configured to multiply a content data stream from one of the P2 inputs with an N2-component beam weight vector (BWV2) to create an N2-component product vector for the broadcasting radiations by the second satellite, whereas P2 is integer and P2≧

1;

methods of a M3-to-M3 wavefront multiplexing (WF muxing) connected to the first DBF, and the second DBF, P3 diagnostic signal streams;

whereas M3 and P3 are integers and M3=P1+P2+P3≧

3 and P3≧

1; and

methods of an uplink antenna supporting at least a first beams aiming at the first satellite and a second beam aiming at the second satellites; and

the user segment further comprising methods for at least one user terminal;

wherein the methods for at least one user terminal further adapted to methods of a multibeams antenna of receiving the broadcasting radiation from the first satellite with a first beam; and

receiving the broadcasting radiation from the second satellite concurrently with a second beam; and

methods of a M3-to-M3 WF demuxing to coherently combining the radiated power from at least the first satellite and the radiated power from the second satellite via an iterative optimization processing for dynamic path equalization.

37. The satellite broadcasting system in claim 36, where the methods of the first satellite further comprising the steps of:

receiving the U/L signals from an U/L receiving antenna of a feederlink,

de-multiplexing and frequency-converting the received U/L signals to a set of onboard prime data by a FDM demuxing unit,

driving N1 array elements of a D/L broadcast antenna array by a M-to-M WF demuxer comprising N1 signal outputs and M−

N1 diagnostic outputs, wherein M>

N1>

1,

broadcasting to coverage areas by a D/L broadcast antenna array with N1 elements, wherein N1 is a positive integer greater than one;

converting the M−

N1 diagnostic signals to performance indexes via nonlinear mapping process;

wherein the performance indexes are positively defined cost functions for current status;

dynamically compensating phase and amplitude differentials among M propagation paths via a CWV of a on-board M-channel equalizer,

where the methods of generating and updating the CWV comprising the steps of;

generating total cost of current status by summing up all current cost functions,

performing real time total cost gradient measurements on the onboard prime data,

calculating new CWV for next update based on a cost minimization algorithm, and

sending the new CWV to the on-board M-channel equalizer.

38. The satellite broadcasting system in claim 36, wherein the methods for second satellite further comprising the steps of:

receiving the U/L signals from an U/L receiving antenna of a feeder-link,

de-multiplexing and frequency-converting the received uplink signals to a set of onboard prime data by a FDM demuxing unit,

driving N2 array elements of a D/L broadcast antenna array by a M-to-M wavefront de-multiplexer comprising N2 signal outputs and M minus N2 diagnostic outputs, wherein M is greater than N2 and N2 is greater than 1,

broadcasting to coverage areas by a downlink broadcast antenna array with N2 elements, wherein N2 is a positive integer greater than one

converting the M−

N2 diagnostic signals to performance indexes via nonlinear mapping process;

wherein the performance indexes are positively defined cost functions for current status;

dynamically compensating phase and amplitude differentials among M propagation paths via a CWV by a onboard M-channel programmable equalizer, whereas methods of generating and updating the CWV for the programmable equalizer by an uplink optimization processor, wherein the method for the uplink optimization processor further comprising the steps of;

generating total cost by summing up all current cost functions,

performing real time total cost gradient measurement on the onboard prime data,

calculating new CWV for next update based on a cost minimization algorithm, and

sending the new CWV to the M-channel equalizer.

39. The satellite broadcasting system in claim 36, wherein the method of the M3-to-M3 WF demuxing in the user segment further comprising the steps of:

converting received diagnostic signals from P3 ports of the M3-to-M3 WF muxer to performance indexes via nonlinear mapping process, wherein the performance indexes are positively defined cost functions for current status.

40. The satellite broadcasting system in claim 39, wherein the user segment further adapted to iteratively calculate optimal weightings for the M3-channel equalizer by an downlink optimization processor, wherein during each iteration, the method for the optimization processor further comprising the steps of:

generating total cost by summing all the current cost functions,

performing real time total cost gradient measurement on content data broadcasted by the satellite segment,

calculating a new CWV for next update based on a cost minimization algorithm, and

sending the new CWV to the M3-channel equalizer, wherein the equalizer continuously adjusts phases and amplitudes of outputs of the multi-beam antenna accordingly.