Charge/discharge control device and charge/discharge control method for power storage device, and electric-powered vehicle

• US 8,820,445 B2
• Filed: 05/11/2007
• Issued: 09/02/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 05/15/2006
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Kikuchi, Yoshiaki
• Primary Examiner(s): Restifo, Jeffrey J
• Assistant Examiner(s): Gurari, Erez
• Application Number:
  US12/226,317
• Publication Number:
  US 20090266631A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,671 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.21, 180/65.265, 320/132
• US Class Current: 180/65.265
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/20 for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2009 for braking
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/421 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/44 by parameter estimation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/14 Preventing excessive discharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/25 by controlling the electric load
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/14 for vehicles propelled by ac motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/26 Controlling the braking effect
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/443 in response to temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0069 Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 : Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

A maximum dischargeable current Idmax obtained when electric power output from a battery is increased from a battery current Ib and a battery voltage Vb at present under internal resistance R at present (an operating point 510) until the battery voltage reaches a lower limit voltage Ve (an operating point 520), is shown as follows: Idmax=Ib+(Vb−Ve)/R. Therefore, in accordance with multiplication of the lower limit voltage Ve and the maximum dischargeable current Idmax, it is possible to predict maximum dischargeable electric power at which the battery voltage does not become lower than the lower limit voltage even if discharge limitation is temporarily relaxed, as a relative value with respect to the battery voltage and the battery current at present. When the discharge electric power limitation for the battery (the power storage device) is temporarily relaxed in accordance with a discharge request made by a load, a discharge electric power permissible value is set to correspond to the maximum dischargeable electric power, such that the output voltage of the power storage device does not fall outside a controlled voltage range from the lower limit voltage to an upper limit voltage.

Claims

1. A charge/discharge control device for a power storage device mounted on an electric-powered vehicle, comprising:

first limitation setting means for controlling charge and discharge of said power storage device to limit a charge/discharge power within a limit range from a discharge electric power permissible value to a charge electric power permissible value which are set based on a state of said power storage device; and

second limitation setting means for temporarily permitting a charge/discharge power beyond said limit range of said first limitation setting means, (i) in response to a manipulation of a brake pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree, or (ii) in response to a manipulation of an accelerator pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree,

said second limitation setting means including control means for controlling charge and discharge of said power storage device such that an output voltage of said power storage device is maintained within a voltage range from a lower limit voltage to an upper limit voltage.

2. The charge/discharge control device for the power storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:

internal resistance estimating means for estimating internal resistance of said power storage device,

said control means including;

predicting means for predicting discharge electric power or charge electric power of said power storage device at which said output voltage reaches said lower limit voltage or said upper limit voltage owing to increase in discharge current or charge current from a battery current at present, based on a battery voltage and a battery current at present and said internal resistance estimated by said internal resistance estimating means; and

means for controlling charge/discharge power of said power storage device not to exceed the discharge electric power or the charge electric power estimated by said predicting means.

3. The charge/discharge control device for the power storage device according to claim 2,

said internal resistance estimating means having means for estimating said internal resistance of said power storage device based on a battery temperature at present, in accordance with a predetermined characteristic between the temperature and the internal resistance of said power storage device.

4. A charge/discharge control method for a power storage device mounted on an electric-powered vehicle, comprising the steps of:

controlling charge and discharge of said power storage device to limit a charge/discharge power within a limit range from a discharge electric power permissible value to a charge electric power permissible value which are set based on a state of said power storage device; and

temporarily permitting a charge/discharge power beyond said limit range of said step of controlling, (i) in response to a manipulation of a brake pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree, or (ii) in response to a manipulation of an accelerator pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree,

said step of temporarily permitting including the step of;

controlling charge and discharge of said power storage device such that an output voltage of said power storage device is maintained within a voltage range from a lower limit voltage to an upper limit voltage.

5. The charge/discharge control method for the power storage device according to claim 4, further comprising the step of:

estimating internal resistance of said power storage device, wherein

said step of temporarily permitting includes the steps of;

predicting discharge electric power or charge electric power of said power storage device at which said output voltage reaches said lower limit voltage or said upper limit voltage owing to increase in discharge current or charge current from a battery current at present, based on a battery voltage and a battery current at present and said internal resistance estimated in said step of estimating; and

controlling charge/discharge power of said power storage device not to exceed the discharge electric power or the charge electric power estimated in said step of estimating.

6. The charge/discharge control method for the power storage device according to claim 5, wherein

said step of estimating includes the step of estimating said internal resistance of said power storage device based on a battery temperature at present, in accordance with a predetermined characteristic between the temperature and the internal resistance of said power storage device.

7. An electric-powered vehicle, comprising:

a power storage device, and

a charge/discharge control device for said power storage device,

wherein said charge/discharge control device

controls charge and discharge of said power storage device to limit a charge/discharge power within a limit range from a discharge electric power permissible value to a charge electric power permissible value which are set based on a state of said power storage device; and

temporarily permits a charge/discharge power beyond said limit range, (i) in response to a manipulation of a brake pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree, or (ii) in response to a manipulation of an accelerator pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree, and

controls charge and discharge of said power storage device such that an output voltage of said power storage device is maintained within a voltage range from a lower limit voltage to an upper limit voltage, when the charge/discharge power beyond said limit range is temporarily permitted.

8. The electric-powered vehicle according to claim 7, wherein

said charge/discharge control device

estimates internal resistance of said power storage device,

predicts discharge electric power or charge electric power of said power storage device at which said output voltage reaches said lower limit voltage or said upper limit voltage owing to increase in discharge current or charge current from a battery current at present, based on a battery voltage and a battery current at present and the estimated internal resistance, and

controls charge/discharge power of said power storage device not to exceed the predicted discharge electric power or the charge electric power, when the charge/discharge power beyond said limit range is temporarily permitted.

9. The electric-powered vehicle according to claim 8, wherein

said charge/discharge control device

estimates said internal resistance of said power storage device based on a battery temperature at present, in accordance with a predetermined characteristic between the temperature and the internal resistance of said power storage device.

10. A charge/discharge control device for a power storage device, for maintaining an output voltage of the power storage device within a voltage range from a lower limit voltage to an upper limit voltage, comprising:

state obtaining means for obtaining measurement values which indicate the state of said power storage device;

first limitation setting means for setting, based on the state of said power storage device, a discharge electric power permissible value and a charge electric power permissible value for charge/discharge electric power limitation for said power storage device;

second limitation setting means for temporarily relaxing said charge/discharge electric power limitation relative to the charge/discharge electric power permissible value set by said first limitation setting means, in accordance with a request from a load of said power storage device, the request from the load being higher than in a normal load state and reflecting (i) a manipulation of a brake pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree or (ii) a manipulation of an accelerator pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree; and

internal resistance estimating means for estimating internal resistance of said power storage device, based on said measurement values obtained by said state obtaining means,

said second limitation setting means including

predicting means for predicting, upon receipt of the request from the load of said power storage device, at least one of discharge electric power and charge electric power of said power storage device at which said output voltage reaches said lower limit voltage and said upper limit voltage owing to increase in discharge electric power and charge electric power, respectively, based on a battery voltage and a battery current in said measurement values obtained by said state obtaining means and said internal resistance estimated by said internal resistance estimating means, and

permissible value setting means for temporarily setting at least one of said discharge electric power permissible value and said charge electric power permissible value, in accordance with at least one of said discharge electric power and said charge electric power predicted by said predicting means,

wherein the at least one of said discharge electric power permissible value and said charge electric power permissible value temporarily set by the permissible value setting means of the second limitation setting means allows at least one of (i) a greater discharge of electric power than the discharge electric power permissible value set by the first limitation setting means and (ii) a greater charge of electric power than the charge electric power permissible value set by the first limitation setting means.

11. The charge/discharge control device for the power storage device according to claim 10, wherein said predicting means determines a discharge current permissible increased quantity of said power storage device by dividing a voltage difference between said battery voltage at present and said lower limit voltage by said internal resistance, and predicts said discharge electric power at which said output voltage reaches said lower limit voltage, in accordance with multiplication of said lower limit voltage and a discharge current which is expressed as a sum of said discharge current permissible increased quantity and said battery current.

12. An electric-powered vehicle, including

said power storage device,

an internal combustion engine for generating vehicle drive power,

a first electric motor and a second electric motor each configured to be able to receive electric power from and transmit electric power to said power storage device in a bidirectional manner, and

the charge/discharge control device recited in claim 11,

said first electric motor being configured to be able to start the internal combustion engine, by being driven and rotated by discharge electric power of said power storage device,

said second electric motor being configured to be able to generate said vehicle drive power by the discharge electric power of said power storage device independently of said internal combustion engine, and

said charge/discharge control device setting said discharge electric power permissible value by said second limitation setting means, at least one of when said internal combustion engine is started, and when an output request to said second electric motor is at least a prescribed level.

13. The charge/discharge control device for the power storage device according to claim 10, wherein said predicting means determines a charge current permissible increased quantity of said power storage device by dividing a voltage difference between said battery voltage at present and said upper limit voltage by said internal resistance, and predicts said charge electric power at which said output voltage reaches said upper limit voltage, in accordance with multiplication of said upper limit voltage and a charge current which is expressed as a sum of said charge current permissible increased quantity and said battery current.

14. An electric-powered vehicle, including

said power storage device,

an internal combustion engine for generating vehicle drive power,

an electric motor configured to be able to receive electric power from and transmit electric power to said power storage device in a bidirectional manner, and

the charge/discharge control device for the power storage device recited in claim 13,

said electric motor being configured to be able to generate said vehicle drive power by discharge electric power of said power storage device independently of said internal combustion engine, and to be able to generate charge electric power of said power storage device by regenerative braking power generation caused by regenerative torque being generated when said electric-powered vehicle is decelerated, and

said charge/discharge control device setting said charge electric power permissible value by said second limitation setting means, when an absolute value of said regenerative torque requested from said electric motor is determined to be at least a prescribed value.

15. An electric-powered vehicle, including

said power storage device,

an internal combustion engine for generating vehicle drive power,

a first electric motor and a second electric motor each configured to be able to receive electric power from and transmit electric power to said power storage device in a bidirectional manner, and

the charge/discharge control device recited in claim 10,

said first electric motor being configured to be able to start the internal combustion engine, by being driven and rotated by discharge electric power of said power storage device,

said second electric motor being configured to be able to generate said vehicle drive power by the discharge electric power of said power storage device independently of said internal combustion engine, and

said charge/discharge control device setting said discharge electric power permissible value by said second limitation setting means, at least one of when said internal combustion engine is started, and when an output request to said second electric motor is at least a prescribed level.

16. An electric-powered vehicle, including

said power storage device,

an internal combustion engine for generating vehicle drive power,

an electric motor configured to be able to receive electric power from and transmit electric power to said power storage device in a bidirectional manner, and

the charge/discharge control device for the power storage device recited in claim 10,

said electric motor being configured to be able to generate said vehicle drive power by discharge electric power of said power storage device independently of said internal combustion engine, and to be able to generate charge electric power of said power storage device by regenerative braking power generation caused by regenerative torque being generated when said electric-powered vehicle is decelerated, and

said charge/discharge control device setting said charge electric power permissible value by said second limitation setting means, when an absolute value of said regenerative torque requested from said electric motor is determined to be at least a prescribed value.

17. The charge/discharge control device for the power storage device according to claim 10, wherein the first and second limitation setting means are separate units,

the second limitation setting means further includes determining means for determining whether there is a large load request, wherein

if it is determined that there is a large load request, the second limitation setting means is used to temporarily relax for maintaining the output voltage;

and

if it is determined that there is no large load request, the charge/discharge electric power permissible values set by the first limitation setting means are used to maintain the output voltage,

the determination being perfotined only by the second limitation setting means but not by the first limitation setting means.

18. The charge/discharge control device for the power storage device according to claim 10, wherein said lower limit voltage or said upper limit voltage is reached, upon a change from the battery voltage at present, owing to increase in one of a discharge current and a charge current from the battery current at present.

19. A charge/discharge control method for a power storage device, for maintaining an output voltage of the power storage device within a voltage range from a lower limit voltage to an upper limit voltage, comprising the steps of:

obtaining measurement values which indicate a state of said power storage device;

setting, based on a state of said power storage device, a discharge electric power permissible value and a charge electric power permissible value for charge/discharge electric power limitation for said power storage device;

temporarily relaxing said charge/discharge electric power limitation relative to the charge/discharge electric power permissible value set by said setting step in accordance with a request from a load of said power storage device, the request from the load being higher than in a normal load state and reflecting (i) a manipulation of a brake pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree or (ii) a manipulation of an accelerator pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree; and

estimating internal resistance of said power storage device, based on said measurement values obtained by said obtaining step,

said relaxing step including the substeps of

predicting, upon receipt of the request from the load of said power storage device, at least one of discharge electric power and charge electric power of said power storage device at which said output voltage reaches said lower limit voltage and said upper limit voltage owing to increase in discharge electric power and charge electric power, respectively, based on a battery voltage and a battery current in said measurement values obtained by said obtaining step and said internal resistance estimated by said estimating step, and

temporarily setting at least one of said discharge electric power permissible value and said charge electric power permissible value, in accordance with at least one of said discharge electric power and said charge electric power predicted by said predicting substep,

wherein the at least one of said discharge electric power permissible value and said charge electric power permissible value temporarily set by the relaxing step allows at least one of (i) a greater discharge of electric power than the discharge electric power permissible value set by the setting step and (ii) a greater charge of electric power than the charge electric power permissible value set by the setting step.

20. The charge/discharge control method for the power storage device according to claim 19, wherein said predicting substep determines a discharge current permissible increased quantity of said power storage device by dividing a voltage difference between said battery voltage at present and said lower limit voltage by said internal resistance, and predicts said discharge electric power at which said output voltage reaches said lower limit voltage, in accordance with multiplication of said lower limit voltage and a discharge current which is expressed as a sum of said discharge current permissible increased quantity and said battery current.

21. The charge/discharge control method for the power storage device according to claim 19, wherein said predicting substep determines a charge current permissible increased quantity of said power storage device by dividing a voltage difference between said battery voltage at present and said upper limit voltage by said internal resistance, and predicts said charge electric power at which said output voltage reaches said upper limit voltage, in accordance with multiplication of said upper limit voltage and a charge current which is expressed as a sum of said charge current permissible increased quantity and said battery current.

22. The charge/discharge control method for the power storage device according to claim 19, wherein

said power storage device is mounted on an electric-powered vehicle which includes an internal combustion engine for generating vehicle drive power and a first electric motor a second electric motor each configured to be able to receive electric power from and transmit electric power to said power storage device in a bidirectional manner,

said first electric motor being configured to be able to start the internal combustion engine, by being driven and rotated by discharge electric power of said power storage device,

said second electric motor being configured to be able to generate said vehicle drive power by the discharge electric power of said power storage device independently of said internal combustion engine, and

said relaxing step sets said discharge electric power permissible value by said setting substep, at least one of when said internal combustion engine is started, and when an output request to said second electric motor is at least a prescribed level.

23. The charge/discharge control method for the power storage device according to claim 19, wherein

said power storage device is mounted on an electric-powered vehicle which includes an internal combustion engine for generating vehicle drive power and an electric motor configured to be able to receive electric power from and transmit electric power to said power storage device in a bidirectional manner,

said electric motor is configured to be able to generate said vehicle drive power by discharge electric power of said power storage device independently of said internal combustion engine, and to be able to generate charge electric power of said power storage device by regenerative braking power generation caused by regenerative torque being generated when said electric-powered vehicle is decelerated, and

said relaxing step sets said charge electric power permissible value by said setting substep, when an absolute value of said regenerative torque requested from said electric motor is determined to be at least a prescribed value.

24. The charge/discharge control method for the power storage device according to claim 20, wherein

said power storage device is mounted on an electric-powered vehicle which includes an internal combustion engine for generating vehicle drive power and a first electric motor a second electric motor each configured to be able to receive electric power from and transmit electric power to said power storage device in a bidirectional manner,

said first electric motor being configured to be able to start the internal combustion engine, by being driven and rotated by discharge electric power of said power storage device,

said second electric motor being configured to be able to generate said vehicle drive power by the discharge electric power of said power storage device independently of said internal combustion engine, and

said relaxing step sets said discharge electric power permissible value by said setting substep, at least one of when said internal combustion engine is started, and when an output request to said second electric motor is at least a prescribed level.

25. The charge/discharge control method for the power storage device according to claim 21, wherein

said power storage device is mounted on an electric-powered vehicle which includes an internal combustion engine for generating vehicle drive power and an electric motor configured to be able to receive electric power from and transmit electric power to said power storage device in a bidirectional manner,

said electric motor is configured to be able to generate said vehicle drive power by discharge electric power of said power storage device independently of said internal combustion engine, and to be able to generate charge electric power of said power storage device by regenerative braking power generation caused by regenerative torque being generated when said electric-powered vehicle is decelerated, and

said relaxing step sets said charge electric power permissible value by said setting substep, when an absolute value of said regenerative torque requested from said electric motor is determined to be at least a prescribed value.

26. The charge/discharge control method for the power storage device according to claim 19, the relaxing step further including determining whether there is a large load request, wherein

if it is determined that there is a large load request, the charge/discharge electric power permissible values are temporarily relaxed for maintaining the output voltage;

and

if it is determined that there is no large load request, the charge/discharge electric power permissible values are not relaxed for maintaining the output voltage value,

wherein;

setting the charge/discharge electric power permissible values is performed by a first limitation setting unit of a charge/discharge control device;

temporarily relaxing the charge/discharge electric power permissible values is performed by a second limitation setting unit of the charge/discharge control device, the second limitation setting unit being a separate unit from the first limitation setting unit; and

determining whether there is a large load request is performed by the second limitation setting unit and not by the first limitation setting unit.

27. The charge/discharge control method for the power storage device according to claim 19, wherein said lower limit voltage or said upper limit voltage is reached, upon a change from the battery voltage at present, owing to increase in one of a discharge current and a charge current from the battery current at present.

28. A charge/discharge control device for a power storage device, for maintaining an output voltage of the power storage device within a voltage range from a lower limit voltage to an upper limit voltage, comprising a controller that performs the steps of:

obtaining measurement values which indicate a state of said power storage device;

setting, based on a state of said power storage device, a discharge electric power permissible value and a charge electric power permissible value for charge/discharge electric power limitation for said power storage device;

temporarily relaxing said charge/discharge electric power limitation relative to the charge/discharge electric power permissible value set by said setting step in accordance with a request from a load of said power storage device, the request from the load being higher than in a normal load state and reflecting (i) a manipulation of a brake pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree or (ii) a manipulation of an accelerator pedal to or beyond a prescribed degree; and

estimating internal resistance of said power storage device, based on said measurement values obtained by said obtaining step,

said relaxing step including the substeps of

predicting, upon receipt of the request from the load of said power storage device, at least one of discharge electric power and charge electric power of said power storage device at which said output voltage reaches said lower limit voltage and said upper limit voltage owing to increase in discharge electric power and charge electric power, respectively, based on a battery voltage and a battery current in said measurement values obtained by said obtaining step and said internal resistance estimated by said estimating step, and

temporarily setting at least one of said discharge electric power permissible value and said charge electric power permissible value, in accordance with at least one of said discharge electric power and said charge electric power predicted by said predicting substep,

wherein the at least one of said discharge electric power permissible value and said charge electric power permissible value temporarily set by the relaxing step allows at least one of (i) a greater discharge of electric power than the discharge electric power permissible value set by the setting step and (ii) a greater charge of electric power than the charge electric power permissible value set by the setting step.

29. An electric-powered vehicle, including

said power storage device,

an internal combustion engine for generating vehicle drive power,

a first electric motor and a second electric motor each configured to be able to receive electric power from and transmit electric power to said power storage device in a bidirectional manner, and

the charge/discharge control device recited in claim 28,

said first electric motor being configured to be able to start the internal combustion engine, by being driven and rotated by discharge electric power of said power storage device,

said second electric motor being configured to be able to generate said vehicle drive power by the discharge electric power of said power storage device independently of said internal combustion engine, and

said controller setting said discharge electric power permissible value, at least one of when said internal combustion engine is started, and when an output request to said second electric motor is at least a prescribed level.

30. An electric-powered vehicle, including

said power storage device,

an internal combustion engine for generating vehicle drive power,

an electric motor configured to be able to receive electric power from and transmit electric power to said power storage device in a bidirectional manner, and

the charge/discharge control device for the power storage device recited in claim 28,

said electric motor being configured to be able to generate said vehicle drive power by discharge electric power of said power storage device independently of said internal combustion engine, and to be able to generate charge electric power of said power storage device by regenerative braking power generation caused by regenerative torque being generated when said electric-powered vehicle is decelerated, and

said controller setting said charge electric power permissible value, when an absolute value of said regenerative torque requested from said electric motor is determined to be at least a prescribed value.

31. The charge/discharge control device for the power storage device according to claim 28, wherein said lower limit voltage or said upper limit voltage is reached, upon a change from the battery voltage at present, owing to increase in one of a discharge current and a charge current from the battery current at present.