Parallel power converter topology

• US 8,824,178 B1
• Filed: 12/30/2010
• Issued: 09/02/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/2009
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Enphase Energy Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Solarbridge Technologies Incorporated (Totalenergies Se)
• Inventors: Baker, Gary B., Batten, Robert, Slavin, Keith, Le, Triet Tu, DiTommaso, Vincenzo, Naiknaware, Ravindranath
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhane, Adolf
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lee, Jye-June
• Application Number:
  US12/982,798
• Time in Patent Office: 1,342 Days
• Field of Search: 363/37, 363/65, 363/131, 363/35, 363/71, 323/285, 307/1, 307/6
• US Class Current: 363/71
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/24 of photovoltaic origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/44 with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/46 Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/35 with light sensitive cells
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/007 Plural converter units in cascade push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/537 using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

A power converter may include a first power path having no energy storage and a second power path having substantial energy storage. The first and second power paths have first and second input waveforms that are complementary with respect to a source waveform. The first power path, which may be more efficient than the second path, may transfer as much power as possible from the input to the output. The energy storage enables the second power path to make up the difference between the power available from the source and the power drawn by the first power path, and to make up the difference between the power demanded by a load and the power supplied by the first path.

Claims

1. A power converter for converting direct current (DC) power generated by a DC source to alternating current (AC) power for supply to a power grid, the power converter comprising:

a first power path having only one power stage configured to draw power from the DC source as a first sine-squared current waveform, wherein the first power path is configured to transfer a first portion of the power generated by the DC source to the power grid; and

a second power path having at least two power stages, wherein the second power path is configured to transfer the remaining portion of the DC power generated by the DC to the power grid.

2. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the DC power comprises a first half of the power generated by the DC source and the remaining portion comprises a second half of the DC power generated by the DC source.

3. The power converter of claim 2, wherein one of the at least two power stages of the second power path is configured to draw power from the DC source as a second sine-squared current waveform that is one hundred eighty degrees out of phase with the first sine-squared current waveform.

4. The power converter of claim 3, wherein the one power stage of the first power path is configured to generate, based on the first sine-squared current waveform, a first rectified sinusoidal current waveform with a frequency half that of a frequency of the power grid;

and

wherein the at least two power stages of the second power path are configured to generate, based on the second sine-squared current waveform, a second rectified sinusoidal current waveform with a frequency equal to and in phase with the first rectified sinusoidal current waveform.

5. The power converter of claim 4, further comprising a commutator configured to commutate a sum of the first rectified sinusoidal current waveform and the second rectified sinusoidal current waveform to generate an output sinusoidal current waveform to the power grid, wherein the output sinusoidal current waveform is in phase with a voltage waveform of the power grid.

6. The power converter of claim 5, wherein the one power stage of the first power path comprises a flyback converter.

7. The power converter of claim 5, wherein the second power path consists of a first power stage, a second power stage, and one or more energy storage components electrically coupled between the first power stage and the second power stage.

8. The power converter of claim 7, wherein the first power stage comprises a flyback converter;

and

wherein the second power stage comprises a buck converter configured as a current source.

9. The power converter of claim 5, wherein an instantaneous power at an input of the first power path equals an instantaneous power at an output of the first power path when the first power path transfers the first half of the power generated by the DC source.

10. The power converter of claim 5, wherein the second power path comprises one or more energy storage components configured to cause the second sine-squared current waveform to be one hundred eighty degrees out of phase with the first sine-squared current waveform.

11. A method for converting direct current (DC) power generated by a DC source to alternating current (AC) power for supply to a power grid, the method comprising:

transferring a first portion of the DC power generated by the DC source through a first power path to the power grid, wherein the first power path has only one power stage and transferring the first portion of the DC power comprises drawing power, with the one power stage of the first power path, from the DC source as a first sine-squared current waveform; and

transferring the remaining portion of the DC power generated by the DC source through a second power path to the power grid, the second power path having at least two power stages.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first portion of the DC power comprises a first half of the power generated by the DC source and the remaining portion of the power comprises a second half of the DC power generated by the DC source.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein transferring the second half of the power comprises drawing power, with one of the at least two power stages of the second power path, from the DC source as a second sine-squared current waveform that is one hundred eighty degrees out of phase with the first sine-squared current waveform.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein transferring the first half of the power comprises generating, with the one power stage of the first power path and based on the first sine-squared current waveform, a first rectified sinusoidal current waveform with a frequency half that of a frequency of the power grid;

and

wherein transferring the second half of the power comprises generating, with the at least two power stages of the second power path and based on the second sine-squared current waveform, a second rectified sinusoidal current waveform with a frequency equal to and in phase with the first rectified sinusoidal current waveform.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

summing the first rectified sinusoidal current waveform and the second rectified sinusoidal current waveform to generate a third rectified sinusoidal current waveform; and

commutating the third rectified sinusoidal current waveform to generate an output sinusoidal current waveform to the power grid, the output sinusoidal current waveform being in phase with a voltage waveform of the power grid.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the one power stage of the first power path comprises a flyback converter.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the second power path consists of a first power stage, a second power stage, and one or more energy storage components electrically coupled between the first power stage and the second power stage.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first power stage comprises a flyback converter;

and

wherein the second power stage comprises a buck converter configured as a current source.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein the second power path comprises one or more energy storage components to cause the second sine-squared current waveform to be one hundred eighty degrees out of phase with the first sine-squared current waveform.

20. A power converter for converting direct current (DC) power generated by a DC source to alternating current (AC) power for supply to a power grid, the power converter comprising:

a controller configured to (i) control a first power path of the power converter to transfer a first portion of the DC power generated by the DC source through the first power path to the power grid, wherein the first power path has only one power stage and (ii) control a second power path of the power converter to transfer the remaining portion of the DC power generated by the DC source through the second power path to the power grid, the second power path having at least two power stages,

wherein to transfer the first portion of the DC power generated by the DC source comprises to draw power from the DC source as a first sine-squared current waveform.

21. The power converter of claim 20, wherein the first portion of the DC power comprises a first half of the DC power generated by the DC source and the remaining portion of the DC power comprises a second half of the DC power generated by the DC source;

wherein to transfer the first half of the DC power comprises to, with the one power stage of the first power path, generate, based on the first sine-squared current waveform, a first rectified sinusoidal current waveform with a frequency half that of a frequency of the power grid; and

wherein to transfer the second half of the DC power comprises to (i) draw, with one of the at least two power stages of the second power path, power from the DC source as a second sine-squared current waveform that is one hundred eighty degrees out of phase with the first sine-squared current waveform and (ii) generate, with the at least two power stages and based on the second sine-squared current waveform, a second rectified sinusoidal current waveform with a frequency equal to and in phase with the first rectified sinusoidal current waveform.

22. The power converter of claim 21, wherein the controller is configured to control a commutator of the power converter to commutate a sum of the first rectified sinusoidal current waveform and the second rectified sinusoidal current waveform to generate an output sinusoidal current waveform to the power grid, wherein the output sinusoidal current waveform is in phase with a voltage waveform of the power grid.