Optical DNA based on non-deterministic errors

• US 8,837,721 B2
• Filed: 02/20/2009
• Issued: 09/16/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 03/22/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Kirovski, Darko
• Primary Examiner(s): SHAW, BRIAN F
• Application Number:
  US12/389,611
• Publication Number:
  US 20090158044A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,034 Days
• Field of Search: 713/189, 369/47.13, 369/53.22, 369/47.45, 355/53
• US Class Current: 380/54
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00123 the record carrier being identified by recognising some of its unique characteristics, e.g. a unique defect pattern serving as a physical signature of the record carrier
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00963 wherein said defects or errors are not generated on purpose, e.g. random defect patterns occurring during the normal manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2220/2562 DVDs [digital versatile discs]; Digital video discs; MMCDs; HDCDs
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/56 Financial cryptography, e.g. electronic payment or e-cash
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/60 Digital content management, e.g. content distribution
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/68 Special signature format, e.g. XML format
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3247 involving digital signatures

Abstract

The claimed subject matter relates to architectures and/or mechanisms that can facilitate issuing, embedding and verification of an optical DNA (o-DNA) signature. A first mechanism is provided for obtaining a set of manufacturing errors inherent in an optical media instance. These errors can be non-deterministic and can be encoded into the o-DNA that can be cryptographically signed with a private key, and then embedded into the source optical media instance. A second mechanism is provided that can decrypt the o-DNA with a public key and compare the authenticated errors to the observed errors to ascertain whether the optical media instance is authentic as opposed to a forgery or counterfeit.

Claims

1. A system that facilitates authentication of an optical media instance, the system comprising:

a receiving component that obtains information read from the optical media instance, the information comprising (1) a set of signatures associated with the optical media instance, and (2) non-deterministic error data associated with the optical media instance;

a verification component that;

selects an appropriate signature from the set of signatures based upon an identifier associated with a host optical media reader, and

verifies authenticity of the optical media instance by comparing the appropriate signature to the non-deterministic error data; and

a processor that executes the receiving component and the verification component.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the verification component employs a public key to decrypt the appropriate signature, the public key relating to an issuer associated with the host optical media reader.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a notification component executed by the processor, wherein the notification component transmits a notification that the optical media instance is not authentic when an error fingerprint of the appropriate signature does not match the non-deterministic error data.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the appropriate signature identifies encoded positions of individual non-deterministic errors, and

the non-deterministic error data identifies in-field error positions that are extracted by the host optical media reader from the optical media instance.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the verification component compares the encoded positions to the in-field error positions to determine whether the optical media instance is authentic.

6. The system of claim 1, embodied in the host optical media reader.

7. A method implemented by a computing device for authentication of an optical media instance, the method comprising performing acts by the computing device, the acts comprising:

obtaining information read from the optical media instance, the information comprising (1) a set of signatures associated with the optical media instance and (2) non-deterministic error data associated with the optical media instance;

selecting an appropriate signature from the set of signatures based upon an identifier associated with a host optical media reader; and

verifying authenticity of the optical media instance by comparing the appropriate signature to the non-deterministic error data.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the comparing comprises determining whether an error fingerprint of the appropriate signature matches the non-deterministic error data.

9. The method of claim 8, the acts further comprising:

when the error fingerprint does not match the non-deterministic error data, providing a notification that the optical media instance is not authentic.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the comparing comprises comparing a first set of errors identified by the error fingerprint and a second set of errors identified in-field on the optical media instance by the host optical media reader.

11. The method of claim 7, the acts further comprising:

causing the host optical media reader to read a specific portion of the optical media instance multiple times, and

detecting non-deterministic errors in the specific portion to obtain the non-deterministic error data.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein detecting the non-deterministic errors comprises classifying individual errors on the optical media instance as deterministic or non-deterministic based on numbers of times that the individual errors are detected over the multiple times that the specific portion is read.

13. A processor-readable memory device or storage device storing instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform acts comprising:

obtaining information read from an optical media instance, the information comprising (1) a set of signatures associated with the optical media instance and (2) non-deterministic error data associated with the optical media instance;

selecting an appropriate signature from the set of signatures based upon an identifier associated with an optical media player; and

verifying authenticity of the optical media instance by comparing the appropriate signature to the non-deterministic error data.

14. The processor-readable memory device or storage device of claim 13, wherein the appropriate signature comprises a fingerprint identifying non-deterministic errors and a cryptographic signature applied to the fingerprint.

15. The processor-readable memory device or storage device of claim 14, wherein the fingerprint comprises compressed error positions of the non-deterministic errors and the acts further comprise decompressing the compressed error positions to obtain uncompressed error positions used for the comparing.

16. The processor-readable memory device or storage device of claim 14, wherein the acts further comprise decrypting the cryptographic signature to verify that the cryptographic signature originated from a valid entity.

17. The processor-readable memory device or storage device of claim 13, wherein the identifier is associated with a model of the optical media player and the set of signatures includes individual signatures for other models of optical media players.

18. The processor-readable memory device or storage device of claim 13, wherein the identifier is associated with a manufacturer of the optical media player and the set of signatures includes individual signatures for other manufacturers of optical media players.

19. The processor-readable memory device or storage device of claim 13, wherein the optical media instance is a compact disc or a digital versatile disc.

20. The processor-readable memory device or storage device of claim 13, embodied in the optical media player, the optical media player comprising the processor.