Method and system for two-step spreading for tonal artifact avoidance in audio coding

• US 8,838,442 B2
• Filed: 03/07/2012
• Issued: 09/16/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 03/07/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Xiph.Org Foundation
• Original Assignee: Xiph.Org Foundation
• Inventors: Terriberry, Timothy B., Valin, Jean-Marc
• Primary Examiner(s): ALBERTALLI, BRIAN LOUIS
• Application Number:
  US13/414,418
• Publication Number:
  US 20120232909A1
• Time in Patent Office: 923 Days
• US Class Current: 704/205
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/0212 using orthogonal transformation
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/038 Vector quantisation, e.g. TwinVQ audio

Abstract

Embodiments are directed to an audio coding scheme implemented in a codec that eliminates birdie artifacts generated by transform coding methods. A frequency coefficient spreading method invertibly rotates a spectrum of coefficient values based on a defined rotation angle, The rotated spectrum is then quantized, and the rotation operation is then reversed so that a previously sparse spectrum (i.e., one with few non-zero values) becomes one that has many non-zero values. The method arranges the coefficients for a particular partition into a linear array and computes a gain factor for the partition. A rotation angle of between 0 and π/4 for successive pairs of coefficients of the linear array based on the gain factor is then derived. One or more rotation operations are then applied to successive pairs of coefficients in the linear array using a specific rotation angle and a stride length for each rotation operation.

Claims

1. A method of transforming a first spectrum having few non-zero values into a spectrum having a large number of non-zero values, the sparse spectrum including a number N of points lying in a plane, the method comprising:

defining, by a processor-based device, a rotation angle for rotating successive pairs of points of the first spectrum, wherein the rotation angle is between π

/4 and π

/2, the processor-based device being executed on a computer having a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors;

applying, by the processor-based device, a first rotation operation using the rotation angle on a first set of successive pairs of points, wherein members of each pair of points of the first set of successive pairs of points are separated by a first stride length; and

applying, by the processor-based device, a second rotation operation using a second rotation angle on a different set of successive pairs of points, wherein members of each pair of points of the different set of successive pairs of points are separated by a second stride length.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the processor-based device comprises part of an audio codec applying an invertible transform operation, and wherein the first rotation operation is performed before the second rotation operation in a first audio coding session, and wherein the second rotation operation is performed before the first rotation operation in an alternate audio coding session.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the first stride length is a short stride that is set to a unity distance value between the members of the each pairs of points.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the second stride length is a long stride that is an integer multiple of the unity distance value.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the processor-based device comprises an audio coding system including a decoder stage functionally coupled to an encoder stage, and wherein the points of the spectrum comprise frequency domain coefficients generated by a transform function performed on an input audio signal.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising organizing the frequency domain coefficients into partitions within a band, wherein each partition spans some subset of frequencies in a band, and wherein each partition is coded by the processor-based device using a defined number of bits, and further wherein the frequency domain coefficients are coded using one or more codebooks.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising computing a gain factor as a function of at least one of:

the number of bits, a number of coefficients in a defined partition, and a size of the one or more codebooks.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the rotation angle is a function of the gain factor and is calculated by squaring the gain factor and multiplying by π

/4.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the second stride length is a function of the number of coefficients in the defined partition and is calculated by taking the square root of the number of coefficients and adding the value ½

.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the first operation method is omitted in the case where the number of coefficients in the defined partition is less than eight.

11. A method of coding an audio signal in an audio coding system comprising a decoder circuit coupled to an encoder circuit, the method comprising:

grouping frequency domain coefficients generated by a transform function performed on an input audio signal into a plurality of partitions, wherein each partition spans some subset of frequencies in a band, and wherein each partition is coded by the processor-based device using a defined number of bits, and further wherein the frequency domain coefficients are coded using one or more codebooks;

arranging the coefficients for a first partition into a linear array;

computing a gain factor for the bits of first partition;

deriving a rotation angle for successive pairs of coefficients of the linear array based on the gain factor, wherein the rotation angle is between π

/4 and π

/2; and

applying one or more rotation operations to successive pairs of coefficients in the linear array using a defined rotation angle and a defined stride length for each rotation operation of the one or more rotation operations, wherein the one or more rotation operations includes a rotation operation in which the defined stride length is a unity distance between members of the successive pairs of coefficients.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the gain factor is computed as a function of at least one of:

the number of bits, a number of coefficients in a defined partition, and a size of the one or more codebooks.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the rotation angle is a function of the gain factor as calculated by the squaring the gain factor and multiplying by π

/4.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein the one or more rotation operations comprise:

applying a first rotation operation using the rotation angle on a first set of successive pairs of points of the linear array, wherein members of each pair of points of the first set of successive pairs of points are separated by a first stride length; and

applying a second rotation operation using a second rotation angle on a different set of successive pairs of points of the linear array, wherein members of each pair of points of the different set of successive pairs of points are separated by a second stride length.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the first stride length is a short stride that is set to a unity distance value between the members of the each pairs of points, and the second stride length is a long stride that is an integer multiple of the unity distance value.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the second stride length is a function of the number of coefficients in the first partition.

17. The method of claim 11 wherein only one rotation operation is applied to the successive pairs of coefficients in the linear array in the case where the number of coefficients in the first partition is less than eight.

18. A system for coding an audio signal, comprising:

a first decoder component in a decoder circuit grouping frequency domain coefficients generated by a transform function performed on an input audio signal into a plurality of partitions, wherein each partition spans some subset of frequencies in a band, and wherein each partition is coded by the processor-based device using a defined number of bits, and further wherein the frequency domain coefficients are coded using one or more codebooks;

a second decoder component arranging the coefficients for a first partition into a linear array, computing a gain factor for the bits of first partition; and

a first coefficient spreading function executed by the decoder component and deriving a rotation angle for successive pairs of coefficients of the linear array based on the gain factor, wherein the rotation angle is between π

/4 and π

/2, and applying one or more rotation operations to successive pairs of coefficients in the linear array using a defined rotation angle and a defined stride length for each rotation operation of the one or more rotation operations, wherein the one or more rotation operations includes a rotation operation in which the defined stride length is a unity distance between members of the successive pairs of coefficients.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein the gain factor is computed as a function of at least one of:

the number of bits, a number of coefficients in a defined partition, and a size of the one or more codebooks, and wherein the rotation angle is a function of the gain factor as calculated by the squaring the gain factor and multiplying by π

/4.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein the one or more rotation operations comprise:

applying a first rotation operation using the rotation angle on a first set of successive pairs of points of the linear array, wherein members of each pair of points of the first set of successive pairs of points are separated by a first stride length; and

applying a second rotation operation using a second rotation angle on a different set of successive pairs of points of the linear array, wherein members of each pair of points of the different set of successive pairs of points are separated by a second stride length.

21. The system of claim 20 wherein the first stride length is a short stride that is set to a unity distance value between the members of the each pairs of points, and the second stride length is a long stride that is an integer multiple of the unity distance value, and that is a function of the number of coefficients in the first partition.

22. The system of claim 21 further comprising an audio codec including an encoder circuit coupled to the decoder circuit wherein the audio codec applying an invertible transform operation, and wherein encoder circuit performs one or more reverse rotation operations corresponding to the one or more rotation operations performed in the decoder circuit and in an order opposite to an order performed in the decoder circuit.