Adjustable nerve electrode

• US 8,843,188 B2
• Filed: 11/18/2010
• Issued: 09/23/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 11/23/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Case Western Reserve University
• Original Assignee: Case Western Reserve University
• Inventors: Kilgore, Kevin, Bhadra, Niloy, Bhadra, Narendra, Payer, Joe, Ackermann, Douglas Michael Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Niketa
• Assistant Examiner(s): Flory, Christopher A
• Application Number:
  US12/948,848
• Publication Number:
  US 20110125216A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,405 Days
• Field of Search: 600/372, 607/2, 607/46, 607/72
• US Class Current: 600/372
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0551 Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0556 Cuff electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36071 Pain
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36185 Selection of the electrode configuration

Abstract

Example adjustable electrodes are described. One example adjustable electrode includes two or more contacts configured to selectively deliver high frequency alternating current (HFAC) to a nerve in an amount sufficient to produce an HFAC nerve conduction block in the nerve. The example adjustable electrode also includes a logic configured to selectively control which of the two or more contacts deliver HFAC to the nerve to control whether the nerve electrode is in a first (e.g., onset response mitigating) configuration or in a second (e.g., HFAC nerve conduction block maintenance) configuration. The electrode may be used in applications including, but not limited to, nerve block applications, and nerve stimulation applications. The electrode may be adjusted by changing attributes including, but not limited to, the number, length, orientation, distance between, surface area, and distance from a nerve of contacts to be used to deliver the HFAC.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

controlling an adjustable nerve electrode to enter a first geometric configuration to mitigate an onset response, the adjustable nerve electrode having a set of contacts configured to selectively apply a high frequency alternating current (HFAC) through the adjustable nerve electrode to a nerve;

while the adjustable nerve electrode is in the first geometric configuration, applying a first HFAC through the adjustable nerve electrode, where the first HFAC has a threshold current sufficient to establish an HFAC nerve conduction block in the nerve;

controlling the adjustable nerve electrode to enter a second geometric configuration by altering a physical relationship of the set of contacts to the nerve; and

while the adjustable nerve electrode is in the second geometric configuration, applying a second HFAC through the adjustable nerve electrode, where the second HFAC has a current sufficient to maintain the HFAC nerve conduction block in the nerve.

2. The method of claim 1, where the first geometric configuration is an onset response mitigating configuration.

3. The method of claim 1, where controlling the adjustable nerve electrode to enter the first geometric configuration comprises controlling the geometry of the set of contacts in the adjustable nerve electrode.

4. The method of claim 1, where the first geometric configuration is selected as a function of one or more of:

a length of a contact to be used to deliver the first HFAC,

a orientation of a contact to be used to deliver the first HFAC;

a distance between contacts to be used to deliver the first HFAC,

a surface area of a contact to be used to deliver the first HFAC,

a shape of a contact to be used to deliver the first HFAC, and

a distance between a contact and the nerve.

5. The method of claim 1, where the first geometric configuration is configured to minimize the threshold current.

6. The method of claim 1, where the first geometric configuration is configured to maximize one or more of, neuronal membrane depolarization in the nerve, extracellular activation function produced by the electrode, and the degree of synergistic contribution to membrane depolarization by sodium currents at multiple nodes of Ranvier in the nerve.

7. The method of claim 1, where the first geometric configuration is configured to minimize power consumption.

8. The method of claim 1, where the first geometric configuration is configured to minimize one or more of, a duration of the onset response, and an intensity of the onset response.

9. The method of claim 1, where the adjustable nerve electrode is controlled to enter the first geometric configuration in response to a control signal provided by one of, a switch, a circuit external to the electrode, a circuit internal to the electrode, a control logic external to the electrode, and a control logic internal to the electrode.

10. The method of claim 1, where controlling the adjustable nerve electrode to enter the second geometric configuration comprises controlling the geometry of the set of contacts in the adjustable nerve electrode.

11. The method of claim 1, where the second geometric configuration is selected as a function of one or more of:

a length of a contact to be used to deliver the second HFAC,

a orientation of a contact to be used to deliver the second HFAC;

a distance between contacts to be used to deliver the second HFAC,

a surface area of a contact to be used to deliver the second HFAC,

a shape of a contact to be used to deliver the second HFAC, and

a distance between a contact and the nerve.

12. The method of claim 1, where the second geometric configuration is configured to minimize the second HFAC.

13. A method, comprising:

controlling an adjustable nerve electrode to enter a first geometric configuration, where the first geometric configuration is an onset response mitigating configuration, the adjustable nerve electrode having a set of contacts configured to selectively apply a high frequency alternating current (HFAC) through the adjustable nerve electrode to the nerve;

while the adjustable nerve electrode is in the first geometric configuration, applying a first high frequency alternating current (HFAC) through the adjustable nerve electrode, where the first HFAC has a threshold current sufficient to establish an HFAC nerve conduction block in a nerve;

controlling the adjustable nerve electrode to enter a second geometric configuration by altering the physical relationship of the set of contacts of the adjustable nerve electrode relative to the nerve; and

while the adjustable nerve electrode is in the second geometric configuration, applying a second HFAC through the adjustable nerve electrode, where the second HFAC has a current sufficient to maintain the HFAC nerve conduction block in the nerve.

14. The method of claim 13, where controlling the adjustable nerve electrode to enter the first geometric configuration comprises controlling the geometry of the set of contacts in the adjustable nerve electrode.

15. The method of claim 14, where controlling the adjustable nerve electrode to enter the second geometric configuration comprises controlling the geometry of the set of contacts in the adjustable nerve electrode.