Water quality measuring method, water quality measuring device, and water quality measuring program for marine surface layers

• US 8,843,318 B2
• Filed: 06/16/2010
• Issued: 09/23/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 06/22/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
• Original Assignee: Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
• Inventors: Yoshii, Takumi
• Primary Examiner(s): TSAI, CAROL S W
• Application Number:
  US13/376,536
• Publication Number:
  US 20120078516A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,560 Days
• Field of Search: 702/2, 440/58, 114/72, 114/312, 114/337, 114/77.R, 114/61.3, 114/61.31, 114/61.29, 114/61.27, 114/61, 114/31, 114/144.A, 701/21, 701/532
• US Class Current: 702/2
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 11/006 using measurement of the effect of a material on microwaves or longer electromagnetic waves, e.g. measuring temperature via microwaves emitted by the object G01K17/003, G01J5/00 take precedence; measuring the effect of a material on X-, gamma- or particle radiation G01K11/30
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/18 Water
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/951 ground based
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 90/10 Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

To measure salinity and water temperature in a marine surface layer using data obtained by a marine radar, a deviation ΔS'"'"' between effect of an ocean wave on received power RSI₀′ in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on received power RSI_m′ in a measurement time zone is estimated, a deviation Δs′ between effect of the ocean wave on the received power RSI₀′ in the reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone is estimated, a regression function f(σ) of a relationship between received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δs′ from the received power in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ in the electrical conductivity variable time zone is estimated, and a value of electrical conductivity σ_c in a measurement time zone is estimated, thereby calculating practical salinity.

Claims

1. A salinity measuring method for marine surface layers, comprising:

a step of estimating a deviation Δ

S′

by an ocean wave spectrum estimation unit between effect of an ocean wave on primary scattering intensity RSI₀′

of received power observed by a marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on primary scattering intensity RSI_m′

of received power in a measurement time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone in which electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured;

a step of estimating a deviation Δ

s′

by an electrical conductivity effect estimation unit between the effect of the ocean wave on the primary scattering intensity RSI₀′

of the received power in the reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on primary scattering intensity of the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the reference time zone and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

a step of estimating a regression function f(σ

) by the electrical conductivity effect estimation unit of a relationship between primary scattering intensity of the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δ

s′

from the primary scattering intensity of the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ

in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

a step of estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

_c by an electrical conductivity estimation unit in the measurement time zone by using RSI₀′

−

RSI_m′

=Δ

S′

+{f(σ

₀)−

f(σ

_c)}(where σ

₀;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone);

a step of calculating electrical conductivity σ

(15) by a temperature correction unit when a water temperature is 15°

C. by using the value of the electrical conductivity σ

_c in the measurement time zone;

a step of calculating a ratio K₁₅ by an electrical conductivity ratio calculation unit of the electrical conductivity σ

(15) of the seawater to electrical conductivity of a standard solution of a potassium chloride in a standard state of 15°

C. and 1 atmosphere by using the electrical conductivity σ

(15) when the water temperature is 15°

C.; and

a step of calculating practical salinity by a salinity estimation unit by using the value of the ratio K₁₅ of the electrical conductivity.

2. A salinity measuring device for marine surface layers, comprising:

means for estimating a deviation Δ

S′

between effect of an ocean wave on primary scattering intensity RSI₀′

of received power observed by a marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on primary scattering intensity RSI_m′

of received power in a measurement time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone in which electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured;

means for estimating a deviation Δ

′

between the effect of the ocean wave on the primary scattering intensity RSI₀′

of the received power in the reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on primary scattering intensity of the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the reference time zone and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

means for estimating a regression function f(σ

) of a relationship between primary scattering intensity of the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δ

s′

from the primary scattering intensity of the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ

in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

means for estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

_c in the measurement time zone by using RSI₀′

−

RSI_m′

=Δ

S′

+{f(σ

₀)−

f(σ

_c)} (where σ

₀;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone);

means for calculating electrical conductivity σ

(15) when a water temperature is 15°

C. by using the value of the electrical conductivity σ

_c in the measurement time zone;

means for calculating a ratio K₁₅ of the electrical conductivity σ

(15) of the seawater to electrical conductivity of a standard solution of a potassium chloride in a standard state of 15°

C. and 1 atmosphere by using the electrical conductivity σ

(15) when the water temperature is 15°

C.; and

means for calculating practical salinity by using the value of the ratio K₁₅ of the electrical conductivity.

3. A salinity measuring program that is stored in a computer-readable storing unit for marine surface layers, which allows a computer, in estimation of salinity in a marine area as a water quality measurement target using a value of received power observed by a marine radar in the marine area, to function as:

means for estimating a deviation Δ

S′

between effect of an ocean wave on primary scattering intensity RSI₀′

of received power observed by the marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on primary scattering intensity RSI_m′

of received power in a measurement time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone in which electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured;

means for estimating a deviation Δ

s′

between the effect of the ocean wave on the primary scattering intensity RSI₀′

of the received power in the reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on primary scattering intensity of the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the reference time zone and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

means for estimating a regression function f(σ

) of a relationship between primary scattering intensity of the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation σ

s′

from the primary scattering intensity of the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ

in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

means for estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

_c in the measurement time zone by using RSI₀′

−

RSI_m′

=Δ

S′

+{f(σ

₀)−

f(σ

_c)} (where σ

₀;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone);

means for calculating electrical conductivity σ

(15) when a water temperature is 15°

C. by using the value of the electrical conductivity σ

_c in the measurement time zone;

means for calculating a ratio K₁₅ of the electrical conductivity σ

(15) of the seawater to electrical conductivity of a standard solution of a potassium chloride in a standard state of 15°

C. and 1 atmosphere by using the electrical conductivity σ

(15) when the water temperature is 15°

C.; and

means for calculating practical salinity by using the value of the ratio K₁₅ of the electrical conductivity.

4. A water temperature measuring method for marine surface layers comprising:

a step of estimating a deviation Δ

S′

by an ocean wave spectrum estimation unit between effect of an ocean wave on received power RSI₀′

observed by a marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on received power RSI_m′

in a measurement time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone in which electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured;

a step of estimating a deviation Δ

s′

by an electrical conductivity effect estimation unit between the effect of the ocean wave on the received power RSI₀′

in the reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the reference time zone and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

a step of estimating a regression function f(σ

) by the electrical conductivity effect estimation unit of a relationship between the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δ

s′

from the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ

in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

a step of estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

_c by an electrical conductivity estimation unit in the measurement time zone by using RSI₀′

−

RSI_m′

=Δ

S′

+{f(σ

₀)−

f(σ

_c)} (where σ

₀;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone); and

a step of estimating a value of a water temperature T_c by a water tempeature estimation unit in the measurement time zone by using σ

_c=σ

₀{1+α

(T_c−

T₀)} (where T₀;

a water temperature in the reference time zone, α

;

a temperature correction coefficient).

5. A water temperature measuring device for marine surface layers, comprising:

means for estimating a deviation Δ

S′

between effect of an ocean wave on received power RSI₀′

observed by a marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on received power RSI_m′

in a measurement time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone in which electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured;

means for estimating a deviation Δ

s′

between the effect of the ocean wave on the received power RSI₀′

in the reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the reference time zone and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

means for estimating a regression function f(σ

) of a relationship between the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δ

s′

from the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ

in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

means for estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

₀ in the measurement time zone by using RSI₀′

−

RSI_m′

=Δ

S′

+{f(σ

₀)−

f(σ

^c)} (where σ

₀;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone); and

means for estimating a value of a water temperature T_c in the measurement time zone by using σ

_c=σ

₀{1+α

(T_c−

T₀)} (where T₀;

a water temperature in the reference time zone, α

;

a temperature correction coefficient).

6. A water temperature measuring that is stored in a computer-readable storing unit program for marine surface layers, which allows a computer, in estimation of a water temperature in a marine area as a water quality measurement target using a value of received power observed by a marine radar in the marine area, to function as:

means for estimating a deviation Δ

S′

between effect of an ocean wave on received power RSI₀′

observed by the marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on received power RSI_m′

in a measurement time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone in which electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured;

means for estimating a deviation Δ

s′

between the effect of the ocean wave on the received power RSI₀′

in the reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the reference time zone and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

means for estimating a regression function f(σ

) of a relationship between the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δ

s′

from the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity a in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

means for estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

_c in the measurement time zone by using RSI₀′

−

RSI_m′

=Δ

S′

+{f(σ

₀)−

f(σ

⁰)} (where σ

₀;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone); and

means for estimating a value of a water temperature T_c in the measurement time zone by using σ

_c=σ

₀{1+α

(T_c−

T₀)} (where T₀;

a water temperature in the reference time zone, α

;

a temperature correction coefficient).

7. A water temperature measuring method for marine surface layers, comprising:

a step of estimating a deviation Δ

S′

by an ocean wave spectrum estimation unit between effect of an ocean wave on received power RSI₀′

observed by a marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on received power RSI_m′

in a measurement time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone in which electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured;

a step of estimating a deviation Δ

s′

by an electrical conductivity effect estimation unit between the effect of the ocean wave on the received power RSI₀′

in the reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the reference time zone and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

a step of estimating a regression function f(σ

) by the electrical conductivity effect estimation unit of a relationship between the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δ

s′

from the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ

in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

a step of estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

_c by an electrical conductivity estimation unit in the measurement time zone by using RSI₀′

−

RSI_m′

=Δ

S′

+{f(σ

⁰)−

f(σ

^c)} (where σ

₀;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone); and

a step of estimating a value of a water temperature T_c by a water temperature estimation unit in the measurement time zone by using K₁₅=σ

^c/[σ

_KCI(15){1+α

(T_c−

15)}] and PS=0.008-0.1692K₁₅^0.5+25.3851K₁₅+14.0941K₁₅^1.5−

7.0261K₁₅²+2.7081K₁₅^2.5 (where σ

_KCI(15);

electrical conductivity of a standard solution of a potassium chloride in a standard state of 15°

C. and 1 atmosphere, α

;

a temperature correction coefficient, PS;

salinity in the measurement time zone).

8. A water temperature measuring device for marine surface layers, comprising:

means for estimating a deviation Δ

S′

between effect of an ocean wave on received power RSI₀′

observed by a marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on received power RSI_m′

in a measurement time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone in which electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured;

means for estimating a deviation Δ

s′

between the effect of the ocean wave on the received power RSI₀′

in the reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the reference time zone and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

means for estimating a regression function f(σ

) of a relationship between the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δ

s′

from the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ

in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

means for estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

_c in the measurement time zone by using RSI₀′

−

RSI_m′

=Δ

S′

+{f(σ

₀)−

f(σ

_c)} (where σ

₀;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone); and

means for estimating a value of a water temperature T_c in the measurement time zone by using K₁₅=σ

_c/[S_KCI(15){1+α

(T_c−

15)}] and PS=0.008-0.1692K₁₅^0.5+25.3851K₁₅+14.0941K₁₅¹⁵−

7.0261K₁₅²+2.7081K₁₅^2.5 (where σ

_KCI(15);

electrical conductivity of a standard solution of a potassium chloride in a standard state of 15°

C. and 1 atmosphere, α

;

a temperature correction coefficient, PS;

salinity in the measurement time zone).

9. A water temperature measuring program that is stored in a computer-readable storing unit for marine surface layers, which allows a computer, in estimation of a water temperature in a marine area as a water quality measurement target using a value of received power observed by the marine radar in the marine area, to function as:

means for estimating a deviation Δ

S′

between effect of an ocean wave on received power RSI₀′

observed by a marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on received power RSI_m′

in a measurement time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone in which electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured;

means for estimating a deviation Δ

s′

between the effect of the ocean wave on the received power RSI₀′

in the reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the reference time zone and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

means for estimating a regression function f(σ

) of a relationship between the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δ

s′

from the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ

in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

means for estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

_c in the measurement time zone by using RSI₀′

−

RSI_m′

=Δ

S′

+{f(σ

₀)−

f(σ

_c)} (where σ

₀;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone); and

means for estimating a value of a water temperature T_c in the measurement time zone by using K₁₅=σ

_c/[σ

_KCI(15){1+α

(T_c−

15)}] and PS=0.008-0.1692K₁₅^0.5+25.3851K₁₅+14.0941K₁₅^1.5−

7.0261K₁₅²+2.7081K₁₅^2.5 (where s_KCI(15);

electrical conductivity of a standard solution of a potassium chloride in a standard state of 15°

C. and 1 atmosphere, α

;

a temperature correction coefficient, PS;

salinity in the measurement time zone).

10. A salinity measuring method for marine surface layers, comprising:

a step of estimating a deviation Δ

s′

by an electrical conductivity effect estimation unit between effect of an ocean wave on primary scattering intensity RSI₀′

of received power observed by a marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on the primary scattering intensity of the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone that electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

a step of estimating a regression function f(σ

) by the electrical conductivity effect estimation unit of a relationship between the primary scattering intensity of the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δ

s′

from the primary scattering intensity of the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ

in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

a step of estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

_c by an electrical conductivity estimation unit in a measurement time zone by using a noise floor RSIn_m′

of the received power in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured and RSI₀′

−

RSIn_m′

=f(σ

₀)−

f(σ

_c) (where σ

₀;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone);

a step of calculating electrical conductivity σ

(15) by a temperature correction unit when a water temperature is 15°

C. by using the value of the electrical conductivity σ

_c in the measurement time zone;

a step of calculating a ratio K₁₅ of the electrical conductivity σ

(15) by an electrical conductivity ratio calculation unit of the seawater to electrical conductivity of a standard solution of a potassium chloride in a standard state of 15°

C. and 1 atmosphere by using the electrical conductivity σ

(15) when the water temperature is 15°

C.; and

a step of calculating practical salinity by a salinity estimation unit using the value of the ratio K₁₅ of the electrical conductivity.

11. A salinity measuring device for marine surface layers, comprising:

means for estimating a deviation Δ

s′

between effect of an ocean wave on primary scattering intensity RSI₀′

of received power observed by a marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on the primary scattering intensity of the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone that electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

means for estimating a regression function f(σ

) of a relationship between the primary scattering intensity of the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δ

s′

from the primary scattering intensity of the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ

in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

means for estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

_c in a measurement time zone by using a noise floor RSIn_m′

of the received power in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured and RSI₀′

−

RSIn_m′

=f(σ

₀)−

f(σ

_c) (where σ

_o;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone);

means for calculating electrical conductivity σ

(15) when a water temperature is 15°

C. by using the value of the electrical conductivity σ

_c in the measurement time zone;

means for calculating a ratio K₁₅ of the electrical conductivity σ

(15) of the seawater to electrical conductivity of a standard solution of a potassium chloride in a standard state of 15°

C. and 1 atmosphere by using the electrical conductivity σ

(15) when the water temperature is 15°

C.; and

means for calculating practical salinity by using the value of the ratio K₁₅ of the electrical conductivity.

12. A salinity measuring program that is stored in a computer-readable storing unit for marine surface layers, which allows a computer, in estimation of salinity in a marine area as a water quality measurement target using a value of received power observed by a marine radar in the marine area, to function as:

means for estimating a deviation Δ

s′

between effect of an ocean wave on primary scattering intensity RSI₀′

of received power observed by the marine radar in a reference time zone and effect of the ocean wave on the primary scattering intensity of the received power in an electrical conductivity variable time zone by using data of the ocean wave or a wind velocity in the reference time zone that electrical conductivity of seawater does not change and data of the ocean wave or the wind velocity in the electrical conductivity variable time zone in which the electrical conductivity of the seawater varies;

means for estimating a regression function f(σ

) of a relationship between the primary scattering intensity of the received power obtained by subtracting the deviation Δ

s′

from the primary scattering intensity of the received power observed by the marine radar in the electrical conductivity variable time zone and electrical conductivity σ

in the electrical conductivity variable time zone;

means for estimating a value of electrical conductivity σ

_c in a measurement time zone by using a noise floor RSIn_m′

of the received power in the measurement time zone in which water quality of the seawater is measured and RSI₀′

−

RSIn<sub>m′

=f(σ

0</sub>)−

f(σ

_c) (where σ

₀;

electrical conductivity in the reference time zone);

means for calculating electrical conductivity σ

(15) when a water temperature is 15°

C. by using the value of the electrical conductivity σ

_c in the measurement time zone;

means for calculating a ratio K₁₅ of the electrical conductivity σ

(15) of the seawater to electrical conductivity of a standard solution of a potassium chloride in a standard state of 15°

C. and 1 atmosphere by using the electrical conductivity σ

(15) when the water temperature is 15°

C.; and

means for calculating practical salinity by using the value of the ratio K₁₅ of the electrical conductivity.